Neuroanatomical characteristics of youths with prenatal opioid and poly-drug exposure
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Neuroanatomical and cognitive differences have been documented during childhood between children with prenatal opioid- and poly-drug exposure and controls in small samples. We investigated whether these differences persisted in larger samples of youth at older ages. Quantitative MRI and cognitive data were compared between 38 youths in the risk group and 44 youths in the non-exposed group (aged 17 to 22 years) who had been followed prospectively since birth. Most drug-exposed youths (84%) moved to permanent foster or adoptive homes before one year of age. The drug-exposed group displayed smaller neuroanatomical volumes (0.70 SD difference in total brain volume, p = 0.001), smaller cortical surface areas and thinner cortices than the comparison group. The birth weight accounted for some of the intergroup differences. Neuroanatomical characteristics partially mediated group differences in cognitive function. The present study cannot differentiate between causal factors but indicates persistent neurocognitive differences associated with prenatal opioid or poly-drug exposure.
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Similar structural and behavioral defects of the PFC can be observed in kids with prenatal exposure to opioids, cocaine, amphetamines and other drugs-of-abuse.
“Similar structural and behavioral defects of the PFC can be observed in kids with prenatal exposure to opioids, cocaine, amphetamines and other drugs-of-abuse [322–330].”
From Development of prefrontal cortex (2022) · cites this paper as [322]
The Results (§3.2 and §3.5; page unavailable) report smaller cortical surface area in frontal regions and poorer cognitive and behavioural outcomes among youths with prenatal opioid and polydrug exposure. They do not establish a behavioural defect specifically of the PFC, or show that cocaine and amphetamines individually produce the stated defects. The frontal surface-area differences were also no longer significant after adjustment for intracranial volume. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Nygaard, E., Slinning, K., Moe, V., Due-Tønnessen, P., Fjell, A., & Walhovd, K. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Oslo (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Nygaard, Egil
- Venue
- Neurotoxicology and Teratology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-07
- Volume
- 68
- Pages
- 13-26
- ISSN
- 0892-0362 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2799999187
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 115
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8
- FWCI
- 5.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neurotoxicology and Teratology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BIBSYS Brage (BIBSYS (Norway)) (submittedVersion)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Norwegian Research Council (190411, 213762)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- prenatal opioid exposure, neuroanatomical differences, brain volume, cortical surface area, cortical thickness, birth weight, cognitive function, youth, prenatal drug exposure
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Analgesics, Opioid, Brain, Cognition, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Case-Control Studies, Polypharmacy, Young Adult, Neuroimaging
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