Cited by 738Cyberloafing and Workplace BehaviorWorkaholism, burnout, and well-beingWork-Family Balance Challenges

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Beginning the workday yet already depleted? Consequences of late-night smartphone use and sleep

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Lanaj, Klodiana, Johnson, Russell E., Barnes, Christopher M.·2014·Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes

DOI 10.1016/j.obhdp.2014.01.001

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“Several studies highlight negative links between smartphone usage and performance, 28–31 cognitive capacity, 32 distractibility, 33,34 emotional health, 35 and sleep.”
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“Smartphones, as an exem-plary, have been found to be sources of distractions [6], and their excessive use may contribute towards causing mental health problems [7] or addiction [8].”
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Impact of smartphone use on quality of sleep among medical students
Kurugodiyavar, M. D., Sushma, H. R., Godbole, M., & Nekar, M. S. (2017) · International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20175604 · Cited by 42
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“Indeed, prior research demonstrates that trait selfregulation allows employees to keep work and home domains separate (e.g., Ferguson et al., 2016; Lanaj et al., 2014).”
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“Supervisor ’ s ego depletion was measured on a 5-item scale developed by Twenge et al. (2004) – the same construct is used by Lanaj et al. (2014).”
Method
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He, Q., Zhao, B., Hua, W., & Huang, F. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.963492 · Cited by 37
“Ego depletion scale A simplified Ego Depletion Scale was applied (Lanaj et al., 2014), which had five items, such as “I feel exhausted.”
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“Additionally, in a daily diary study of adults, using smartphones for work close to bedtime—more than was typical for that individual—was associated with less sleep that night, which, in turn, was associated with increased feelings of depletion the following morning.(27) Therefore, it remains unclear whether day-today…”
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“Similar to other studies (e.g. Lanaj et al., 2014), we find that sleep quantity is positively related with state self-control capacity.”
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“Based on Arnold et al. (2015) and Lanaj et al. (2014), the benefits that vision - ary leaders themselves can derive from resource sourcing (need satisfaction, work engagement, negative affect, and positive affect) are investigated.”
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“People also have greater difficulty starting and continuing effortful behaviors, such as staying engaged in their job over the day or continuing exercise (Baron, Reid, & Zee, 2013; Kühnel, Sonnentag, Bledow, & Melchers, 2018; Lanaj et al., 2014).”
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“Late-night smartphone use (e.g., Lanaj et al., 2014), as well as the inability to regulate use (e.g., Demirci et al., 2015), have been associated with decreased sleep quality.”
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“This prevalent pattern of smartphone use is particularly problematic, as the notiﬁcation features of smartphone (e.g., ring tones and vibrations) can severely disturb user’s sleep pattern (e.g., Lanaj et al., 2014; Ahn and Kim, 2015).”
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“This increase in work engagement via smartphone usage has been argued to benefit workplace communication, cooperation, and the ability to share information in real-time (Kossek & Lautsch, 2012; Lanaj et al., 2014).”
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“Previous studies have mainly focused on the negative effects of W_ICTs after hours, such as reduced sleep quality (Lanaj et al. 2014), emotional exhaustion (Xie et al. 2018) and burnout (Derks and Bakker 2014); although the positive effects of W_ICTs after hours on job satisfaction (Diaz et al.…”
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“These studies typically employed short surveys to make responding easier, in order to increase response rates (Lanaj et al., 2014; Uy, Lin, & Ilies, 2017).”
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Beyond Smartphone Overuse
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“In recent years excessive use of smartphones has become prevalent [14, 15, 11], which often has negative impact on social interaction [12] and mental health [10, 4, 13].”
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“Our results also support the restoring function of sleep quantity (Lanaj et al., 2014).”
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“For example, Lanaj, Johnson, and Barnes (2014) found that late-night smartphone use at home led to impairments in job engagement the following workday.”
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Self-leadership and self-control strength in the work context
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“Likewise, higher evening smartphone use for work-related communication, which is largely text-based in nature, is associated with lower work engagement the following day (Lanaj, Johnson, & Barnes, 2014).”
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“Taken together, the current results suggest that sleep is not only a mediator [6] but also moderator in the link between work-related smartphone use and depletion.”
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“For example, lack of sleep can lead to abusive (Barnes, Lucianetti, Bhave, & Christian, 2015) and deviant (Lanaj, Johnson, & Barnes, 2014) work behaviors, absenteeism (Westerlund et al., 2008), and lower psychological well-being (Gunia, 2018).”
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“That is, maintaining a high level of work engagement, which involves being vigorous, dedicated, and absorbed at work, requires self-regulation and associated regulatory resources (Diestel et al., 2015; Lanaj et al., 2014).”
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“[14] found that morning depletion diminished employees’ daily vigor.”
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Is resting and sleeping well helpful to job crafting? Daily relationship between recovery experiences, sleep quality, feelings of recovery, and job crafting
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“Smartphones have dramatically changed the reality we experience [1, 2].”
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Understanding digital wellbeing within complex technological contexts
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BackgroundMethodResult
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“Moreover, there is a diary study by Lanaj et al. (2014) that found work-related smartphone use in the evening to be negatively associated with sleep quantity.1 In their cross-sectional study, Barber and Jenkins (2014) found detachment to mediate the relationship between work-home boundary crossing…”
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“As such, workers tend to often sacri ﬁ ce their nonwork hours for work matters (Golden, 2001; Lanaj, Johnson, & Barnes, 2014) due to the norm of reciprocity.”
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“…engaging in discretionary and cognitively demanding work behaviors such as knowledge sharing (Fay & Sonnentag, 2002; Trougakos, Beal, Cheng, Hideg, & Zweig, 2015), we measured state depletion in the morning as a control variable, using the five-item measure from Lanaj, Johnson, and Barnes (2014).”
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“…of our findings, we note that a smalleffectsizeforsequentialindirecteffectswithmorethanonemediatortendstobecommoninappliedpsychology (e.g., Lanaj et al., 2014; Liu et al., 2021; O’Reilly et al., 2016) due to the multiplication of multiple path coefficients, so it is not comparable with…”
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“Off-Time Work-Related Smartphone Use As smartphone use makes employees have permanent access to work-related information via e-mails, messengers, and phone calls, the boundary between work and home domain continually blurs (Lanaj et al., 2014).”
BackgroundInfluential

Authors: Lanaj, K., Johnson, R. E., & Barnes, C. M.
Affiliations: University of Florida (US)
Michigan State University (US)
University of Washington (US)
Corresponding author: Lanaj, Klodiana
ORCID: Lanaj, Klodiana
Johnson, Russell E.
Barnes, Christopher M.
Venue: Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-05
Volume: 124
Issue: 1
Pages: 11-23
ISSN: 0749-5978 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2014.01.001
OpenAlex: W1978220113
Cited by: 738
References: 106
Citations by year: 2026: 56 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 81 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 81 · 2020: 67 · 2019: 68 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 7
FWCI: 113.08
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
figshare.com
Licence: cc-by
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics: Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Cyberloafing and Workplace Behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Workaholism, burnout, and well-being
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Work-Family Balance Challenges
Keywords: smartphone use, ego depletion, work engagement, sleep, regulatory resources, job control, digital technology use, work-life boundaries, employee well-being

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Beginning the workday yet already depleted? Consequences of late-night smartphone use and sleep

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