Cited by 738Cyberloafing and Workplace BehaviorWorkaholism, burnout, and well-beingWork-Family Balance Challenges

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Beginning the workday yet already depleted? Consequences of late-night smartphone use and sleep

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Lanaj, Klodiana, Johnson, Russell E., Barnes, Christopher M.·2014·Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes

DOI 10.1016/j.obhdp.2014.01.001

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“Several experience sampling (ESM) studies showed that using a smartphone for work-related tasks in the evening led to later bedtimes as well as lower sleep quality and interfered with psychological recovery (e.g. Lanaj, Johnson, and Barnes 2014; Sonnentag, Binnewies, and Mojza 2008).”
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“…to remove spurious effects due to time trends (Beal & Weiss, 2003), negative affect (using four items from Watson et al., 1988) to account for an adverse emotional state, and depletion (using three items from Lanaj et al., 2014) to account for resource loss throughout the day (Lanaj et al., 2020).”
Background
Can't stop eating my feelings: the maladaptive responses of abused employees toward abusive supervision
Tariq, H., Obaid, A., Burhan, M., Subhan, M., & Babar, S. (2022) · Journal of Management & Organization · doi:10.1017/jmo.2022.75 · Cited by 16
“Following the recommendations of Podsakoff, MacKenzie, and Podsakoff (2012), we dealt with the CMV concern by conducting a multi-wave daily diary study (i.e., collected data two daily surveys for 10 consecutive working days), which is an effective method for reducing CMV (Lanaj et al., 2014).”
MethodInfluential
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“2006); both stressors (Lanaj et al. 2014) and contextual factors should affect the depletion of employees’ self-regulatory resources.”
Background
Mobile technology, sleep, and circadian disruption
Snyder, C. K., & Chang, A. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815373-4.00013-7 · Cited by 16
Prepopulating Audit Workpapers with Prior Year Assessments: Default Option Effects on Risk Rating Accuracy
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“For example, the audit environment can be rife with factors that deplete self-control resources, e.g., multi-tasking, lack of sleep, and complex thinking (Buchheit et al. [2016]; Mullis and Hatfield [2018]; Schmeichel et al. [2003]; Lanaj et al. 2014).”
Background
Domain Switch Theory: A Deeper Understanding of Transitions between Work and Nonwork Domains in Modern Work Life
Kaur, E., Barnes, C. M., Butts, M. M., & Gabriel, A. S. (2024) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2022.0485 · Cited by 16
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“The term Smartphone Addiction is widely used to describe a pattern of problematic smartphone use associated with a lack of self-control [40] and corresponding negative efects [72, 74, 82].”
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“Parametric bootstrapping is favored for these analyses because no assumptions are made about the normality of the distribution of the indirect effect (Preacher et al., 2010; for examples see Koopman et al., 2016; Lanaj et al., 2014; Matta et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2013).”
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“Ego depletion was measured using the ego depletion scale ( Lanaj, Johnson & Barnes, 2014 ; Johnson & Joanna, 2015 ).”
Method
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“Ego depletion was measured with five items from a scale developed by Lanaj et al. (2014), ranging from 1 (‘‘never’’) to 4 (‘‘always’’).”
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“Although smartphones can help individuals build social networks and reduce feelings of isolation, previous work has also shown that smartphone use can impact sleep (Lanaj et al., 2014; Randler et al., 2016) and physical health (İNal et al., 2015; Kim et al., 2015).”
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“[67] and included items such as “I was immersed in my work.”
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“, 2020), impaired sleep (Lanaj et al., 2014), anger (Butts et al.”
BackgroundResult
What are the active ingredients in recovery activities? Introducing a dimensional approach.
Alameer, K. M., Uitdewilligen, S., & Hulsheger, U. R. (2023) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/ocp0000354 · Cited by 24
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“Ego depletion was measured by the Ego Depletion Scale, which was developed by Lanaj et al. (2014) and proved to be widely applicable to Chinese college students (Lanaj et al., 2014; Ding et al., 2020b; Liu et al., 2023).”
Method
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“We measured ego depletion with a ﬁ ve-item scale developed by Lanaj et al. (2014).”
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A fatigue model of social venturing
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“Experiencing fatigue can have severe negative consequences for individuals, including reduced job performance (Cropanzano et al., 2003), work engagement (Lanaj et al., 2014), well-being (Stephan, 2018), and quality of life (Dittner et al., 2004).”
A Resource-Based View on Individual Absorption in the Context of Multiple Team Memberships
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“We assessed week-level work engagement using the three-item scale from Lanaj et al. (2014).”
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ERGENLERDE DUYGU DÜZENLEME, PSİKOLOJİK SAĞLAMLIK VE OKULDA ÖZNEL İYİ OLUŞUN AKILLI TELEFON BAĞIMLILIĞI ÜZERİNDEKİ YORDAYICI ROLÜ
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“This kind of phenomenon can profit and widen the social network for youths, but if this situation is not monitored then it can possibly cause mental illness and deteriorate physical health of both the individual and the entire society (Lanaj et al., 2014)”
Background
Smartphone Usage Patterns and Sleep Behavior in Demographic Groups: Retrospective Observational Study
Wang, T., Seiger, A., Markowetz, A., Andone, I., Błaszkiewicz, K., & Penzel, T. (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/60423 · Cited by 15
“Multiple studies have identified a significant relationship between nighttime smartphone use and sleep disruption [18,19].”
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Daily renewal for job performance: understanding the role of recovery, sleep, resilience, and job crafting from a self-regulatory strength perspective
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“Diverging from the traditional viewpoint, our recovery and better sleep (Lanaj et al., 2014).”
Am I depleting from work or life? A nexus among work–life balance, self-efficacy, emotional exhaustion and performance
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App-Based Ecological Momentary Assessment of Problematic Smartphone Use During Examination Weeks in University Students: 6-Week Observational Study
Ahn, J. S., Jeong, I., Park, S., Lee, J., Jeon, M.-J., Lee, S., Do, G., Jung, D., & Park, J. Y. (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/69320 · Cited by 15
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Hung, M.-W., Yuan, C. W., Bi, N., Chen, Y., Lee, W., Huang, M., & You, C.-W. (2022) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3512972 · Cited by 12
“The overuse of smartphones has been implicated in negative mental health issues and social interactions [53, 60], stress [63], and loss of productivity [62].”
Background
I will speak up if I feel energetic: Effects of supervisor humor on employee voice
Li, D., Liu, P., Li, S., & He, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.956499 · Cited by 12
Are work–life policies fair for a woman’s career? An Italian qualitative study of the backlash phenomenon
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Bao, Y., Han, P., Liao, S., & Liao, J. (2021) · Leadership & Organization Development Journal · doi:10.1108/lodj-06-2020-0254 · Cited by 14
Too depleted to work? A daily study on how work-related ICT use after hours influences employee next-day work procrastination behaviour
Li, Q., Jiang, P., She, Z., & Ma, L. (2024) · Work & Stress · doi:10.1080/02678373.2024.2364601 · Cited by 14
“…poorer sleep quality (Schieman & Young, 2013), and less psychological detachment (Derks et al., 2014b; van Laethem et al., 2018), and at the work domain, such as lower work engagement (Lanaj et al., 2014), increased job burnout (Park et al., 2020), and intensified work fatigue (Lee et al., 2021).”
Influential
Development of an App to Support Self-monitoring Smartphone Usage and Healthcare Behaviors in Daily Life
Shen, E. M., Shen, J., & Chia, T.-L. (2019) · International Conference on Big Data and Internet of Things (BDIOT) · doi:10.1145/3361758.3361771 · Cited by 10
“(1) Interference with sleep: Studies have shown that blue light from IT products such as smartphones and tablets can stop the body from secreting melatonin at night [5].”
Background
The Moderating Effect of Scheduling Autonomy on Smartphone Use and Stress Among Older Workers
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“Studies showed poor sleep to be associated with ego depletion [53], workplace cognitive failures (such as interpretive bias [4]) and impaired emotional control (such as perception of hostility [54]).”
Background

Authors: Lanaj, K., Johnson, R. E., & Barnes, C. M.
Affiliations: University of Florida (US)
Michigan State University (US)
University of Washington (US)
Corresponding author: Lanaj, Klodiana
ORCID: Lanaj, Klodiana
Johnson, Russell E.
Barnes, Christopher M.
Venue: Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-05
Volume: 124
Issue: 1
Pages: 11-23
ISSN: 0749-5978 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2014.01.001
OpenAlex: W1978220113
Cited by: 738
References: 106
Citations by year: 2026: 56 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 81 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 81 · 2020: 67 · 2019: 68 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 7
FWCI: 113.08
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
figshare.com
Licence: cc-by
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics: Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Cyberloafing and Workplace Behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Workaholism, burnout, and well-being
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Work-Family Balance Challenges
Keywords: smartphone use, ego depletion, work engagement, sleep, regulatory resources, job control, digital technology use, work-life boundaries, employee well-being

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Beginning the workday yet already depleted? Consequences of late-night smartphone use and sleep

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