Cyberbullying among children and youth in Türkiye: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Problem It has been reported in various studies that identifying risk and protective factors and outcomes of cyberbullying perpetration (CP) and cyberbullying victimization (CV) is crucial for educational strategies to fight against cyberbullying. The main purpose of the present study is to conduct a meta-analysis and systematic review to identify which risk and protective factors are more strongly associated with CP/CV and possible consequences of CP/CV among children and youth in Türkiye.Eligibility criteria Various databases, including PubMed, Web of Science (WoS), ProQuest, ERIC, SCOPUS, Turkish Psychiatry Index, DergiPark, and National Dissertation/Thesis Center of Türkiye were searched to identify relevant studies.Sample Fifty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria included in the present study.Results Results revealed that the strongest risk factor was traditional bullying for CP (r = 0.47, p < .001) and traditional victimization for CV (r = 0.43, p < .001). The strongest protective factor was social skill for CP (r = -0.45, p < .001) and empathy for CV (r = -0.25, p < .001). In addition, involvement in CP behaviors had the strongest effect on negative self-concept (r = 0.28, p < .001), while exposure to CV on anxiety (r = 0.35, p < .001).Conclusions Although this study has some limitations, the study's findings are important source of information for many professionals, such as pediatric nurses, school psychological counselors, psychologists, and policymakers to further educational strategies for children and young people in Türkiye.Implications The study findings would be useful for developing educational programs to strengthen protective factors and reduce risk factors to prevent cyberbullying perpetration behaviors.
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The meta-analyses included in this review mainly defined cyberbullying by focusing on media platforms rather than acts of cyberbullying.
“Second, the meta-analyses included in this review mainly defined cyberbullying by focusing on the different media platforms through which cyberbullying occurs, rather than on the different acts of cyberbullying28,82,104,119.”
From Umbrella review of meta-analyses on the risk factors, protective factors, consequences and interventions of cyberbullying victimization (2024) · cites this paper as [104]
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Kasturiratna, K. T. A. S., Hartanto, A., Chen, C. H. Y., Tong, E. M. W., & Majeed, N. M. (2024) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-024-02011-6 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
- Authors
- Erbiçer, E. S., Ceylan, V., Yalçın, M. H., Erbiçer, S., Akın, E., Koçtürk, N., & Doğan, T.
- Affiliations
- Hacettepe University (TR)
- Hasan Kalyoncu University (TR)
- Corresponding author
- Erbiçer, Eyüp Sabır
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Pediatric Nursing
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-11
- Volume
- 73
- Pages
- 184-195
- ISSN
- 0882-5963 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4386624131
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 1
- FWCI
- 1.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Pediatric Nursing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Hasan Kalyoncu University Institutional Repository (Hasan Kalyoncu University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (T\u00DCB\u0130TAK ARDEB-122G020)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection
- Keywords
- cyberbullying, cyberbullying perpetration, cyber victimization, risk factors, protective factors, traditional bullying, social skills, empathy, self-concept, anxiety, children and young people, Turkey
- MeSH terms
- Cyberbullying, Adolescent, Child, Humans, Risk Factors, Turkey, Crime Victims, Bullying
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