Peer cybervictimization among adolescents and the associated internalizing and externalizing problems: A meta-analysis
Abstract
Numerous adolescents in the United States experience peer cybervictimization, which is associated with a series of internalizing (e.g., depression, anxiety, anger) and externalizing (e.g., aggression, substance use, risky sexual behavior) problems. The current study provides a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing research on these relationships. Included in the meta-analyses are 239 effect sizes from 55 reports, representing responses from 257,678 adolescents. The results of a series of random effects meta-analyses using robust variance estimation indicated positive and significant relationships between peer cybervictimization and a series of internalizing and externalizing problems, with point estimates of this relationship ranging from Pearson's r = .14 to .34. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
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Mental health problems such as depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation are commonly identified as psychological consequences of cyberbullying victimization.
“Mental health problems such as depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation are commonly identified as psychological consequences of cyberbullying victimization36,81–83.”
From Umbrella review of meta-analyses on the risk factors, protective factors, consequences and interventions of cyberbullying victimization (2024) · cites this paper as [36]
Cyberbullying victims show lower school attendance, academic achievement and worse peer relationships and tend to engage more in both traditional and cyberbullying perpetration.
“Cyberbullying victims show lower school attendance, academic achievement28,85 and worse peer relationships82 and tend to engage more in both traditional and cyberbullying perpetration36,86.”
From Umbrella review of meta-analyses on the risk factors, protective factors, consequences and interventions of cyberbullying victimization (2024) · cites this paper as [36]
Cyberbullying victimization leads to considerable psychological distress and maladaptive coping behaviours.
“Four meta-analyses consistently show that cyberbullying victims often display lower school performance28,82,85,99, leading to considerable psychological distress and maladaptive coping behaviours28,36,82,94,130.”
From Umbrella review of meta-analyses on the risk factors, protective factors, consequences and interventions of cyberbullying victimization (2024) · cites this paper as [36]
Cyberbullying victimization is associated with psychological impacts including anxiety, depression, low empathy, reduced life satisfaction, loneliness, low self-esteem and stress, serving both as outcomes and predictors.
“Fourteen meta-analyses reveal that cyberbullying victimization was associated with considerable psychological impacts, including anxiety, depression, low empathy, reduced life satisfaction, loneliness, low self-esteem and stress, serving both as outcomes and predictors28,36,82,93,94,98,99,101,104,112,113,119,124,130.”
From Umbrella review of meta-analyses on the risk factors, protective factors, consequences and interventions of cyberbullying victimization (2024) · cites this paper as [36]
Victims may engage in deviant behaviours such as aggression, substance use and risky sexual behaviour as coping mechanisms.
“Consequently, victims may engage in deviant behaviours such as aggression, substance use and risky sexual behaviour28,36,82,116 as coping mechanisms to offset psychological and academic issues146.”
From Umbrella review of meta-analyses on the risk factors, protective factors, consequences and interventions of cyberbullying victimization (2024) · cites this paper as [36]
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- Authors
- Fisher, B. W., Gardella, J. H., & Teurbe-Tolon, A. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Louisville (US)
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fisher, Benjamin W.
- Venue
- Journal of Youth and Adolescence
- Published
- 2016-07-22
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1727-1743
- ISSN
- 0047-2891 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-6601
- OpenAlex
- W2503342027
- Cited by
- 288
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 10
- FWCI
- 2.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Youth and Adolescence (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies
- Keywords
- adolescents, internalizing problems, externalizing problems, depression, anxiety, aggression, substance use, sexual risk behavior, online harassment
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Aggression, Anxiety, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Male, Peer Group, United States, Crime Victims, Substance-Related Disorders, Unsafe Sex, Bullying
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