Obesity in Pregnancy Stimulates Macrophage Accumulation and Inflammation in the Placenta
Open accessAbstract
Obesity and pregnancy are associated with a combination of insulin resistance and inflammatory changes which exacerbate in combination. Based on the similarity between the inflammatory transcriptomes of adipose tissue and placenta, we hypothesized that the placenta develops exaggerated inflammation in response to obesity. The aim of this study was to characterize placental inflammatory mediators and macrophage accumulation in relation to peripheral inflammation in obesity. Placental macrophages and maternal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 20 obese and 15 lean women were functionally and phenotypically characterized using immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and expression for macrophage markers and inflammatory cytokines. The number of resident CD68+ and CD14+ cells was increased 2-3 fold in the placenta of obese as compared to lean women. The macrophage population was characterized by a marked phenotypic heterogeneity with complex subsets of CD14+, CD68+ and CD11b+ (mac-1) cells and by an increased expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1, TNF-alpha, IL-6. Placental inflammation was associated with an activation of PBMC gene expression with an increase in the monocyte differentiation and maturation markers CD14 and CD68 in maternal but not fetal PBMC. The inflammatory changes were associated with higher plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein and IL-6 in obese compared to lean women. In conclusion, the chronic inflammation state of pre-gravid obesity is extending to in utero life with accumulation of a heterogeneous macrophage population and pro-inflammatory mediators in the placenta. The resulting inflammatory milieu in which the fetus develops may have critical consequences for short and long term programming of obesity.
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Increased oxidative stress and inflammation markers have been found in the placenta of obese mothers, suggesting a decisive role of an abnormal intrauterine environment in modulating fetal programming.
“Increased oxidative stress and inflammation markers have been found in the placenta of obese mothers, suggesting a decisive role of an abnormal intrauterine environment in modulating fetal programming [76,79].”
From Maternal Overnutrition and Fetal Programming: Long-Term Metabolic, Cognitive, and Epigenetic Consequences (2026) · cites this paper as [79]
The Abstract reports increased placental macrophages and pro-inflammatory mediators in obese women. The Discussion describes possible consequences for fetal metabolic programming, but explicitly calls this speculation. The paper does not report increased placental oxidative-stress markers or establish a decisive role in fetal programming. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFetuses of obese mothers are exposed to an imbalance of cytokines and nutrients that can negatively affect fetal programming, leading to adverse long-term effects in the offspring.
“Therefore, fetuses of obese mothers are exposed to an imbalance of cytokines, as well as nutrients that can negatively affect fetal programming, leading to adverse long-term effects in the offspring.”
From Maternal Overnutrition and Fetal Programming: Long-Term Metabolic, Cognitive, and Epigenetic Consequences (2026) · cites this paper as [79]
The Abstract and Discussion describe an inflammatory placental environment in pregnancies affected by obesity and suggest it may have adverse consequences for fetal metabolic programming. They do not establish an imbalance of nutrients or adverse long-term effects in offspring; the Discussion also says placental macrophage cytokines are unlikely to enter fetal systemic circulation. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe negative effect of maternal obesity on offspring health might be mediated by an alteration in the inflammatory state and an increase in oxidative stress due to excess adipose tissue.
“The negative effect of maternal obesity on offspring health might be mediated by an alteration in the inflammatory state and an increase in oxidative stress due to excess adipose tissue.”
From Maternal Overnutrition and Fetal Programming: Long-Term Metabolic, Cognitive, and Epigenetic Consequences (2026) · cites this paper as [79]
The Results (§2.1; page not provided) report elevated inflammatory markers in obese pregnant women, and the Discussion (§3; page not provided) speculates that the inflammatory environment may have detrimental consequences for the fetus. The paper does not identify increased oxidative stress from excess adipose tissue as a mediator of offspring harm; “oxidative stress” appears only in a reference title. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn pregnancies complicated by obesity, the balance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines is shifted mainly towards a pro-inflammatory state.
“Pregnancy is normally an inflammatory state caused by the remodeling of immunological system to allow embryo implantation, growth and life, regulated by a delicate balance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines; in pregnancies complicated by obesity, this balance is shifted mainly towards a pro-inflammatory state.”
From Maternal Overnutrition and Fetal Programming: Long-Term Metabolic, Cognitive, and Epigenetic Consequences (2026) · cites this paper as [79]
The Results (section 2.1) report higher circulating IL-6 in obese than lean pregnant women, and the Discussion concludes that obesity exaggerates placental inflammation and production of pro-inflammatory mediators. The paper does not establish a shift in the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines specifically; the evidence supports a more pro-inflammatory state, not that comparison. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredReynolds et al. in 2015 found that supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid led to a reduction in expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β and metabolic dysfunction in offspring.
“Evidence of a key role of inflammation in fetal programming was provided by Reynolds et al. in 2015, thanks to a study where supplementation with an anti-inflammatory molecule, the conjugated linoleic acid, led to a reduction in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β and metabolic dysfunction in offspring [76,79].”
From Maternal Overnutrition and Fetal Programming: Long-Term Metabolic, Cognitive, and Epigenetic Consequences (2026) · cites this paper as [79]
The Results (§2.1; page unavailable) compare inflammatory markers in obese and lean pregnant women, and the Discussion (§3; page unavailable) describes placental TNF-alpha and IL-1 expression. Searches for conjugated linoleic acid, supplementation, Reynolds, and offspring metabolic dysfunction found no passage in our copy reporting the attributed intervention or its effects. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
A number of maternal conditions, both infectious and non-infectious, have been linked to placental inflammation.
“A number of maternal conditions, both infectious and non-infectious, have been linked to placental inflammation (102, 453).”
From Placental Origins of Chronic Disease (2016) · cites this paper as [102]
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Maternal Obesity, Inflammation, and Developmental Programming
Segovia, S. A., Vickers, M. H., Gray, C. L., & Reynolds, C. M. (2014) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2014/418975 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
“Leptin levels are known to be elevated in pregnancies complicated with enhanced inflammatory processes in the placentae [9, 28].”
BackgroundMaternal high fat diet consumption during the perinatal period programs offspring behavior
Sullivan, E. L., Nousen, E. K., & Chamlou, K. A. (2014) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.07.014 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
“However, high levels of leptin are associated with dysfunction of the placenta [81, 108], and so it is possible that leptin impacts primate brain development indirectly by acting on the placenta.”
InfluentialPlacental Function in Maternal Obesity
Kelly, A. C., Powell, T. L., & Jansson, T. (2020) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20190266 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Obesity and Preeclampsia: Common Pathophysiological Mechanisms
López-Jaramillo, P. A., Barajas, J., Rueda-Quijano, S. M., Lopez-Lopez, C., & Félix, C. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01838 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
McElwain, C. J., Tuboly, E., McCarthy, F. P., & McCarthy, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00655 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
“reported that obesity in pregnant women resulted in a 2–3-fold increase in the number of placental macrophages, characterized by an increase in IL-1, TNF-α, and IL-6 mRNA expression (114).”
BackgroundThe preterm placental microbiome varies in association with excess maternal gestational weight gain
Antony, K. M., Ma, J., Mitchell, K. B., Racusin, D., Versalovic, J. A., & Aagaard, K. M. (2015) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2014.12.041 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Zhu, M. J., Du, ., Nathanielsz, P. W., & Ford, S. P. (2010) · Placenta · doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2010.02.002 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
“Obesity in pregnant women induces an exaggerated inflammatory response in the placenta at term [5], consistent with our observations described here at mid-gestation in obese pregnant ewes.”
InfluentialThe initiation of metabolic inflammation in childhood obesity
Singer, K., & Lumeng, C. N. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci88882 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Review: Maternal health and the placental microbiome
Pelzer, E., Gómez-Arango, L. F., Barrett, H. L., & Nitert, M. D. (2016) · Placenta · doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2016.12.003 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Maternal adiposity—a determinant of perinatal and offspring outcomes?
Lawlor, D. A., Relton, C., Sattar, N., & Nelson, S. M. (2012) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2012.176 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Role of leptin in pregnancy: Consequences of maternal obesity
Tessier, D. R., Ferraro, Z. M., & Gruslin, A. (2013) · Placenta · doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2012.11.035 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
The Placenta and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Gauster, M., Desoyé, G., Tötsch, M., & Hiden, U. (2011) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-011-0244-5 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
“Signs of placental inflammation also include an increase in the number of CD14+/CD68+ macrophages in placental villi [61] as found in maternal obesity.”
BackgroundAshino, N. G., Saito, K. N., Souza, F. D., Nakutz, F. S., Roman, E. A., Velloso, L. A., Torsoni, A. S., & Torsoni, M. A. (2011) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.12.011 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
“Challier and colleagues [11] showed that obesity in pregnancy stimulates macrophage accumulation and inflammation in the placenta.”
BackgroundDubé, E., Gravel, A., Martin, C., Desparois, G., Moussa, I., Ethier-Chiasson, M., Forest, J.-C., Giguère, Y., Masse, A., & Lafond, J. (2012) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod.111.098095 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
“Studies have reported mostly inflammatory changes in the placenta of obese women, such as an accumulation of immune cells (macrophages and neutrophils) and an increase in the expression of several inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 [IL-1], IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-a [TNF-a], IL-8) [40, 43, 44].”
BackgroundIntrauterine trophoblast migration: A comparative view of humans and rodents
Silva, J. F., & Serákides, R. (2016) · Cell Adhesion & Migration · doi:10.1080/19336918.2015.1120397 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
“intrauterine vascular remodeling, corroborating the hypothesis of Challier et al.(150)”
BackgroundResultMaternal nutrition and risk of obesity in offspring: The Trojan horse of developmental plasticity
Parlee, S. D., & MacDougald, O. A. (2013) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.07.007 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
“Obesity during pregnancy of non-humanprimates causes placental inflammation, including macrophage accumulation [121,122] and enhanced expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines MCP-1, IL-1 and TNFα [122,123].”
BackgroundOxidative Stress: Placenta Function and Dysfunction
Wu, F., Tian, F., Lin, Y., & Xu, W. (2015) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/aji.12454 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Kang, S. S., Kurti, A., Fair, D. A., & Fryer, J. D. (2014) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-014-0156-9 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
“Notably, in humans, obese mothers have increased IL-6 in plasma and breast milk and increased IL-6 gene expression in placental macrophages [54-56].”
BackgroundMaternal high-fat diet programming of the neuroendocrine system and behavior
Sullivan, E. L., Riper, K. M., Lockard, R. A., & Valleau, J. C. (2015) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.04.008 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
“, 2008) and other neurodevelopmental disorders, such as ASD (Challier et al., 2008; Chugani et al., 1999), and anxiety and depressive disorders (Laucht et al.”
BackgroundObesity and Placental Function
Maloyan, A., & Myatt, L. (2016) · Seminars in Reproductive Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0035-1570027 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Jones, H. N., Jansson, T., & Powell, T. L. (2009) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00195.2009 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
“In particular, our data suggest that the increased IL-6 and TNF- levels in pregnant women who are obese or have diabetes (1, 3) may play a role in upregulation of placental system A amino acid transport in these conditions (18, 19), contributing to fetal overgrowth.”
BackgroundSpradley, F. T., Palei, A. C., & Granger, J. P. (2015) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00178.2015 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Of the bugs that shape us: maternal obesity, the gut microbiome, and long-term disease risk
Gohir, W., Ratcliffe, E. M., & Sloboda, D. M. (2014) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/pr.2014.169 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Maternal Antioxidant Supplementation Prevents Adiposity in the Offspring of Western Diet–Fed Rats
Sen, S., & Simmons, R. A. (2010) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db10-0301 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Benatti, R., Melo, A. M., Borges, F., Ignácio-Souza, L., Simino, L. A. P., Milanski, M., Velloso, L., Torsoni, M., & Torsoni, A. (2014) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114514000579 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Factors influencing the gut microbiome in children: from infancy to childhood
Kumbhare, S. V., Patangia, D. V., Patil, R. H., Shouche, Y. S., & Patil, N. P. (2019) · Journal of Biosciences · doi:10.1007/s12038-019-9860-z · Cited by 143 · see citing works
“Inflammation of the placenta and changes in feto-placental functions are seen as some of the adverse effects associated with maternal obesity or excess gestational weight gain (Challier et al. 2008; Kaphingst et al. 2008; Ditchfield et al. 2015).”
BackgroundDevelopmental programming of brain and behavior by perinatal diet: focus on inflammatory mechanisms
Bolton, J. L., & Bilbo, S. D. (2014) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2014.16.3/jbolton · Cited by 143 · see citing works
The role of systemic inflammation linking maternal BMI to neurodevelopment in children
van der Burg, J. W., Sen, S., Chomitz, V. R., Seidell, J. C., Leviton, A., & Dammann, O. (2015) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/pr.2015.179 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
“Compared to the placentas of their lean peers, the placentas of obese women tend to have increased CD68+ and CD14+ cells, along with increased expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, TNF-α, IL-6, and C-reactive protein (54).”
Haghiac, M., Yang, X.-H., Presley, L. H., Smith, S., Dettelback, S., Minium, J., Belury, M. A., Catalano, P. M., & Mouzon, S. H. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0137309 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
“Up-regulation of placental inflammatory pathways with elevated release of proinflammatory cytokines also contributes to enhance systemic inflammation in obese women [17, 18].”
BackgroundSelf-citationKim, D. W., Young, S. L., Grattan, D. R., & Jasoni, C. L. (2014) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod.113.117259 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
“Several of the cytokines showed expression patterns that have already been described in human term placenta, and the data presented here are consistent with those [25].”
BackgroundResultNutritional programming of insulin resistance: causes and consequences
Duque-Guimaraes, D. E., & Ozanne, S. E. (2013) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2013.05.006 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
The consequences of obesity and excess weight gain in pregnancy
Norman, J. E., & Reynolds, R. M. (2011) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665111003077 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Role of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Preeclampsia
Shirasuna, K., Karasawa, T., & Takahashi, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00080 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Zhu, M. J., Ma, Y., Long, N. M., Du, M., & Ford, S. P. (2010) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00309.2010 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Regulation of Placental Amino Acid Transport and Fetal Growth
Vaughan, O. R., Rosario, F. J., Powell, T. L., & Jansson, T. (2017) · Progress in molecular biology and translational science · doi:10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.12.008 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Gohir, W., Kennedy, K. M., Wallace, J. G., Saoi, M., Bellissimo, C. J., Britz‐McKibbin, P., Petrik, J., Surette, M. G., & Sloboda, D. M. (2019) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp277353 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Roberts, V. H. J., Smith, J. E., McLea, S. A., Heizer, A., Richardson, J. L., & Myatt, L. (2008) · Placenta · doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2008.11.019 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
“Increased macrophage accumulation and heightened levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines have also been demonstrated in the placenta of pre-gravid obese women compared to lean controls [5].”
BackgroundNousen, E. K., Franco, J. G., & Sullivan, E. L. (2013) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000355632 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Martino, J., Sebert, S. P., Segura, M. T., Garcia-Valdes, L., Florido, J., Padilla, M. C., Marcos, A., Rueda, R., McArdle, H. J., Budge, H., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-2590 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Persson, M., Johansson, S., Villamor, E., & Cnattingius, S. (2014) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001648 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
“Obesity is also associated with an increased risk of thrombosis during pregnancy [34] and a state of inflammation in the placenta [35], both of which may reduce placental blood flow.”
BackgroundSchliefsteiner, C., Peinhaupt, M., Kopp, S., Loegl, J., Lang, I., Hiden, U., Heinemann, Á., Desoyé, G., & Wadsack, C. (2017) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00888 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
“They found that mRNA levels of IL-6 and TNFα, and also IL-1 were upregulated in obese placentae (60), supporting our findings.”
ResultThorn, S. R., Baquero, K. C., Newsom, S., Kasmi, K. E., Bergman, B., Shulman, G., Grove, K., & Friedman, J. (2014) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db14-0276 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Metabolic abnormalities and obesity’s impact on the risk for developing preeclampsia
Spradley, F. T. (2016) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00440.2016 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Ghosh, S., Sinha, J. K., Putcha, U. K., & Raghunath, M. (2016) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2016.00001 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Zambrano, E., Martínez‐Samayoa, P. M., Rodríguez-González, G. L., & Nathanielsz, P. W. (2010) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2010.190033 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
“Journal compilation C© 2010 The Physiological Society Elmquist et al. 1998; Proulx et al. 2001; Yura et al. 2005; Bautista et al. 2008; Delahaye et al. 2008; Kirk et al. 2009).”
Denizli, M., Capitano, M. L., & Kua, K. L. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.940937 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
“Cord blood and placental tissues collected at delivery also facilitate the understanding of immune adaptations of different compartments (maternal plasma, maternal-fetal interface, fetal plasma) during pregnancy (Challier et al., 2008; Laskewitz et al., 2019; Enninga et al., 2021; Jaramillo-Ospina et al., 2021).”
BackgroundMaternal Obesity Promotes a Proinflammatory Signature in Rat Uterus and Blastocyst
Shankar, K., Zhong, Y., Kang, P., Lau, F., Blackburn, M. L., Chen, J., Borengasser, S. J., Ronis, M. J. J., & Badger, T. M. (2011) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2010-1078 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Monocytes and macrophages in pregnancy: The good, the bad, and the ugly*
True, H., Blanton, M. B., Sureshchandra, S., & Messaoudi, I. (2022) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.13080 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Lakshmanan, A., Chiu, Y.-H. M., Coull, B. A., Just, A. C., Maxwell, S. L., Schwartz, J. D., Gryparis, A., Kloog, I., Wright, R. J., & Wright, R. O. (2015) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2014.10.035 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
The placenta is the center of the chronic disease universe
Thornburg, K. L. R., & Marshall, N. (2015) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2015.08.030 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Higgins, L. E., Greenwood, S. L., Wareing, M., Sibley, C. P., & Mills, T. A. (2010) · Placenta · doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2010.09.019 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
“4[[118] 4[ [118] 4[ [32,36,37,79]”
The impact of maternal high-fat diet on offspring neurodevelopment
Urbonaite, G., Knyzeliene, A., Bunn, F. S., Smalskys, A., & Neniškytė, U. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.909762 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
“, 2014) with an expected negative impact on offspring neurodevelopment (Challier et al., 2008; Kim et al., 2014).”
BackgroundHeerwagen, M. J. R., Stewart, M. S., de la Houssaye, B. A., Janssen, R. C., & Friedman, J. E. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067791 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Hastie, R., & Lappas, M. (2014) · Placenta · doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2014.06.368 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
“Although not investigated in the present study, pre-existing maternal obesity has been previously linked to a heightened inflammatory response within placental tissue, with significant increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-a, IL-1b, IL-8 and IL-6 [55,57].”
BackgroundMechanisms by which maternal obesity programs offspring for obesity: evidence from animal studies
Zambrano, E., & Nathanielsz, P. W. (2013) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/nure.12068 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Nogues, P., Santos, E. D., Jammes, H., Berveiller, P., Arnould, L., Vialard, F., & Dieudonné, M. (2019) · Clinical Epigenetics · doi:10.1186/s13148-019-0612-6 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Effects of Maternal Obesity on Fetal Programming: Molecular ApproachesPreprint
Neri, C., & Edlow, A. G. (2015) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a026591 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Effect of IL-6 and TNF-α on fatty acid uptake in cultured human primary trophoblast cells
Lager, S., Jansson, N., Olsson, A., Wennergren, M., Jansson, T., & Powell, T. L. (2010) · Placenta · doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2010.10.012 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
“In addition to elevated circulatory lipids, obese and GDM women have increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a), along with certain hormones, including insulin and leptin [9,10].”
BackgroundFeto-placental Adaptations to Maternal Obesity in the Baboon
Farley, D. R., Tejero, M. E., Comuzzie, A. G., Higgins, P. B., Cox, L. A., Werner, S. L., Jenkins, S. L., Li, C., Choi, J., Dick, E. J., et al. (2009) · Placenta · doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2009.06.007 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
“Maternal obesity in pregnancy is associated with maternal PBMC activation and placental macrophage infiltration [14].”
BackgroundObesity during pregnancy and fetal iron status: is Hepcidin the link?
Dao, M. C., Sen, S., Iyer, C., Klebenov, D., & Meydani, S. N. (2012) · Journal of Perinatology · doi:10.1038/jp.2012.81 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
An evolving scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of pediatric obesity
Katzmarzyk, P. T., Barlow, S. E., Bouchard, C., Catalano, P. M., Hsia, D. S., Inge, T. H., Lovelady, C., Raynor, H. A., Redman, L. M., Staiano, A. E., et al. (2014) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2014.49 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Self-citationZambrano, E., Ibáñez, C. A., Martínez‐Samayoa, P. M., Lomas‐Soria, C., Durand-Carbajal, M., & Rodríguez-González, G. L. (2016) · Archives of Medical Research · doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2016.01.004 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Jayabalan, N., Nair, S., Nuzhat, Z., Rice, G. E., Zuñiga, F. A., Sobrevía, L., Leiva, A., Sanhueza, C., Gutiérrez, J., Lappas, M., et al. (2017) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2017.00239 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Elfeky, O. W. M., Longo, S. A., Lai, A., Rice, G. E., & Salomón, C. (2016) · Placenta · doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2016.12.020 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Maternal Low-Grade Chronic Inflammation and Intrauterine Programming of Health and Disease
Parisi, F., Milazzo, R., Savasi, V. M., & Cetin, I. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22041732 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
“As expected, local macrophage infiltration and increased proinflammatory mediators, including IL-6, leptin, and TNF, were shown in obese placentas [27].”
BackgroundVisiedo, F., Bugatto, F., Sánchez-Encinales, V., Cózar‐Castellano, I., Bartha, J. L., & Perdomo, G. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00032.2013 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
“Several studies support the idea that GDM and/or obesity induces inflammatory pathways in placenta (7, 12, 24, 35).”
BackgroundIncreased glucose and placental GLUT-1 in large infants of obese nondiabetic mothers
Acosta, O., Ramirez, V. I., Lager, S., Gaccioli, F., Dudley, D. J., Powell, T. L., & Jansson, T. (2015) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2014.08.009 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Descriptive epidemiology of idiopathic clubfoot
Werler, M. M., Yazdy, M. M., Mitchell, A. A., Meyer, R. E., Druschel, C. M., Anderka, M., Kasser, J. R., & Mahan, S. T. (2013) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A · doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.35955 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“Vascular inflammation and oxidative stress are linked to obesity [Challier et al., 2008; Farah et al., 2012], which may be exacerbated in the presence of fetal constraint or geneticpredisposing factors or may interfere with recovery from vascular damage.”
BackgroundMaternal obesity and sex-specific differences in placental pathology
Leon-Garcia, S., Roeder, H., Nelson, K. K., Liao, X., Pizzo, D. P., Laurent, L. C., Parast, M. M., & LaCoursiere, D. Y. (2015) · Placenta · doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2015.12.006 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
- Authors
- Challier, J. C., Basu, S., Bintein, T., Minium, J., Hotmire, K., Catalano, P. M., & Hauguel-de Mouzon, S.
- Affiliations
- Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie (FR)
- MetroHealth (US)
- ORCID
- Catalano, P.M.
- Venue
- Placenta
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-03
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 274-281
- ISSN
- 0143-4004 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4284075
- OpenAlex
- W1975136933
- Cited by
- 712
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 67 · 2014: 53 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 34
- FWCI
- 22.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Placenta (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum
- National Institutes of Health
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000080, RR 00080)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD022965, HD-22965)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- maternal obesity, placental inflammation, placental macrophages, macrophage heterogeneity, CD68, CD14, CD11b, inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6, TNF-α, interleukin-1, C-reactive protein, insulin resistance, fetal programming
- MeSH terms
- CD68 Molecule, Adult, Calcium-Binding Proteins, Cell Count, Cells, Cultured, Female, Fetal Blood, Humans, Inflammation, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Macrophages, Membrane Glycoproteins, Mucins, Obesity, Placenta, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic, Antigens, CD, Interleukin-6, Lipopolysaccharide Receptors, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
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