The initiation of metabolic inflammation in childhood obesity
Open accessAbstract
An understanding of the events that initiate metabolic inflammation (metainflammation) can support the identification of targets for preventing metabolic disease and its negative effects on health. There is ample evidence demonstrating that the initiating events in obesity-induced inflammation start early in childhood. This has significant implications on our understanding of how early life events in childhood influence adult disease. In this Review we frame the initiating events of metainflammation in the context of child development and discuss what this reveals about the mechanisms by which this unique form of chronic inflammation is initiated and sustained into adulthood.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Systemic chronic inflammation during pregnancy and childhood can elevate the risk of non-communicable diseases across the life span.
“SCI during pregnancy and childhood can have serious developmental consequences that include elevating the risk of non-communicable diseases over the life span7,8,26,27.”
From Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span (2019) · cites this paper as [26]
These obesity-inflammation dynamics occur in adults and first emerge during childhood.
“These dynamics are known to occur in adults and can promote age-related disease risk, but they first emerge during childhood26.”
From Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span (2019) · cites this paper as [26]
The immune system is programmed during the prenatal period and is affected by epigenetic changes induced by maternal environmental exposures-such as infectious agents, diet, psychological stress and xenobiotics-both in the womb and before conception, with paternal factors possibly also exerting epigenetic effects.
“the immune system is programmed during the prenatal period171 and is affected by epigenetic changes induced by maternal environmental exposures (for example, infectious agents, diet, psychological stress and xenobiotics) during intrauterine life and even before conception, when paternal factors may also have an epigenetic effect26,128,171”
From Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span (2019) · cites this paper as [26]
Obese children often become obese adolescents and adults, so a pro-inflammatory phenotype often continues into adulthood for those who were obese as children.
“Because obese children often become obese adolescents and adults26, the risk of developing a pro-inflammatory phenotype also frequently persists into adulthood among individuals who were obese as children”
From Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span (2019) · cites this paper as [26]
Childhood obesity is closely linked to substantial alterations in fat tissue and metabolic dysfunction that produce metabolism-related SCI, or metainflammation.
“Childhood obesity, for instance, is strongly associated with major changes in adipose tissue and metabolic dysfunction that cause metabolism-related-SCI, or so-called metainflammation26”
From Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span (2019) · cites this paper as [26]
Childhood conditions have a major influence on later metabolic and immune responses, which then drive SCI in adulthood.
“childhood circumstances significantly impact metabolic and immune responses later in life, which in turn promote SCI in adulthood8,26,27,168,169”
From Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span (2019) · cites this paper as [26]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Part of this paper’s reference list could not be split into single entries.
The metabolic phenotype in obesity: Fat mass, body fat distribution, and adipose tissue function
Goossens, G. H. (2017) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000471488 · Cited by 8,481 · see citing works
Prevalence of Childhood and Adult Obesity in the United States, 2011-2012
Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Kit, B. K., & Flegal, K. M. (2014) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2014.732 · Cited by 8,072 · see citing works
Adipose Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α: Direct Role in Obesity-Linked Insulin Resistance
Hotamisligil, G. S., Shargill, N. S., & Spiegelman, B. M. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7678183 · Cited by 7,518 · see citing works
Metabolic Endotoxemia Initiates Obesity and Insulin Resistance
Cani, P. D., Amar, J., Iglesias, M. A., Poggi, M., Knauf, C., Bastelica, D., Neyrinck, A. M., Fava, F., Tuohy, K. M., Chabo, C., et al. (2007) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db06-1491 · Cited by 6,638 · see citing works
Origin and physiological roles of inflammation
Medzhitov, R. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07201 · Cited by 6,618 · see citing works
Obesity induces a phenotypic switch in adipose tissue macrophage polarization
Lumeng, C. N., Bodzin, J. L., & Saltiel, A. R. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci29881 · Cited by 4,664 · see citing works
Self-citationTLR4 links innate immunity and fatty acid-induced insulin resistance
Shi, H., Kokoeva, M. V., Inouye, K., Tzameli, I., Yin, H., & Flier, J. S. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci28898 · Cited by 3,690 · see citing works
Fetal origins of coronary heart disease
Barker, D. J. P. (1995) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.311.6998.171 · Cited by 3,570 · see citing works
Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents
Weiss, R., Dziura, J., Burgert, T. S., Tamborlane, W. V., Taksali, S. E., Yeckel, C. W., Allen, K., Lopes, M., Savoye, M., Morrison, J. A., et al. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa031049 · Cited by 3,458 · see citing works
The NLRP3 inflammasome instigates obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance
Vandanmagsar, B., Youm, Y.-H., Ravussin, A., Galgani, J. E., Stadler, K., Mynatt, R. L., Ravussin, E., Stephens, J. M., & Dixit, V. D. (2011) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2279 · Cited by 2,655 · see citing works
Barker, D. J. P., Hales, C. N., Fall, C. H. D., Osmond, C., Phipps, K., & Clark, P. M. S. (1993) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00399095 · Cited by 2,468 · see citing works
Feuerer, M., Herrero, L., Cipolletta, D., Naaz, A., Wong, J., Nayer, A., Lee, J., Goldfine, A. B., Benoist, C., Shoelson, S., et al. (2009) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2002 · Cited by 2,145 · see citing works
How colonization by microbiota in early life shapes the immune system
Gensollen, T., Iyer, S. S., Kasper, D. L., & Blumberg, R. S. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aad9378 · Cited by 2,044 · see citing works
Obesity is associated with hypothalamic injury in rodents and humans.
Thaler, J. P., Yi, C.-X., Schur, E. A., Guyenet, S. J., Hwang, B. H., Dietrich, M. O., Zhao, X., Sarruf, D. A., Izgur, V., Maravilla, K. R., et al. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci59660 · Cited by 1,857 · see citing works
Fatty acid–induced NLRP3-ASC inflammasome activation interferes with insulin signaling
Wen, H., Gris, D., Lei, Y. L., Jha, S., Zhang, L., Huang, M. T.-H., Brickey, W. J., & Ting, J. P. ‐. (2011) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.2022 · Cited by 1,811 · see citing works
CCR2 modulates inflammatory and metabolic effects of high-fat feeding
Weisberg, S. P., Hunter, D., Huber, R., Lemieux, J., Slaymaker, S., Vaddi, K., Charo, I., Leibel, R. L., & Jr., A. W. F. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci24335 · Cited by 1,497 · see citing works
CCR2 modulates inflammatory and metabolic effects of high-fat feeding
Weisberg, S. P. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci24335c1 · Cited by 1,424 · see citing works
Normalization of obesity-associated insulin resistance through immunotherapy
Winer, S., Chan, Y., Paltser, G., Truong, D., Tsui, H., Bahrami, J., Dorfman, R., Wang, Y., Zielenski, J., Mastronardi, F., et al. (2009) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2001 · Cited by 1,370 · see citing works
Homeostasis, Inflammation, and Disease Susceptibility
Kotas, M. E., & Medzhitov, R. (2015) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.02.010 · Cited by 1,213 · see citing works
Normalizing the environment recapitulates adult human immune traits in laboratory mice
Beura, L. K., Hamilton, S. E., Bi, K., Schenkel, J. M., Odumade, O. A., Casey, K. A., Thompson, E. A., Fraser, K. A., Rosato, P. C., Filali-Mouhim, A., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature17655 · Cited by 1,072 · see citing works
Creely, S. J., McTernan, P. G., Kusminski, C. M., Fisher, F. M., Da Silva, N. F., Khanolkar, M., Evans, M., Harte, A. L., & Kumar, S. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00302.2006 · Cited by 1,043 · see citing works
Neutrophils mediate insulin resistance in mice fed a high-fat diet through secreted elastase
Talukdar, S., Oh, D. Y., Bandyopadhyay, G. K., Li, D., Xu, J., McNelis, J., Lu, M. M., Li, P., Yan, Q., Zhu, Y., et al. (2012) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2885 · Cited by 966 · see citing works
Fibrosis and adipose tissue dysfunction.
Sun, K., Tordjman, J., Clément, K., & Scherer, P. E. (2013) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.06.016 · Cited by 960 · see citing works
Variations in DNA elucidate molecular networks that cause disease
Chen, Y., Zhu, J., Lum, P. Y., Yang, X., Pinto, S., MacNeil, D. J., Zhang, C., Lamb, J., Edwards, S., Sieberts, S. K., et al. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06757 · Cited by 887 · see citing works
Molofsky, A. B., Nussbaum, J. C., Liang, H.-E., Dyken, S. J. V., Cheng, L. E., Mohapatra, A., Chawla, A., & Locksley, R. M. (2013) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20121964 · Cited by 879 · see citing works
Toll-like Receptors on Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells Stimulate Innate Immune System Replenishment
Nagai, Y., Garrett, K. P., Ohta, S., Bahrun, U., Kouro, T., Akira, S., Takatsu, K., & Kincade, P. W. (2006) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2006.04.008 · Cited by 834 · see citing works
Kratz, M., Coats, B. R., Hisert, K. B., Hagman, D. K., Mutskov, V. J., Peris, E., Schoenfelt, K. Q., Kuzma, J. N., Larson, I. A., Billing, P. S., et al. (2014) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2014.08.010 · Cited by 828 · see citing works
Weight loss and lipolysis promote a dynamic immune response in murine adipose tissue
Kosteli, A., Sugaru, E., Haemmerle, G., Martin, J. F., Lei, J., Zechner, R., & Ferrante, A. W. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci42845 · Cited by 726 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Subsequent production of chemoattractants such as CCL2 and lipolytic signals triggers the recruitment of monocytes from the circulation to form the CLS that engulfs the dying adipocytes and potentiates new adipocyte formation (132, 133).”
BackgroundMurano, I., Barbatelli, G., Parisani, V., Latini, C., Muzzonigro, G., Castellucci, M., & Cinti, S. (2008) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m800019-jlr200 · Cited by 726 · see citing works
Obesity in Pregnancy Stimulates Macrophage Accumulation and Inflammation in the Placenta
Challier, J. C., Basu, S., Bintein, T., Minium, J., Hotmire, K., Catalano, P. M., & Hauguel-de Mouzon, S. (2008) · Placenta · doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2007.12.010 · Cited by 712 · see citing works
Adipocyte inflammation is essential for healthy adipose tissue expansion and remodeling
Wernstedt Asterholm, I., Tao, C., Morley, T. S., Wang, Q. A., Delgado-Lopez, F., Wang, Z. V., & Scherer, P. E. (2014) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2014.05.005 · Cited by 668 · see citing works
Local Proliferation of Macrophages Contributes to Obesity-Associated Adipose Tissue Inflammation
Amano, S. U., Cohen, J. L., Vangala, P., Tencerová, M., Nicoloro, S. M. C., Yawe, J. C., Shen, Y., Czech, M., & Aouadi, M. (2014) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.11.017 · Cited by 613 · see citing works
Inflammation in maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus
Pantham, P., Aye, I. L. M. H., & Powell, T. L. (2015) · Placenta · doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2015.04.006 · Cited by 582 · see citing works
Hyperglycemia Promotes Myelopoiesis and Impairs the Resolution of Atherosclerosis
Nagareddy, P. R., Murphy, A. J., Stirzaker, R. A., Hu, Y., Yu, S., Miller, R. G., Ramkhelawon, B., Distel, E., Westerterp, M., Huang, L., et al. (2013) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.04.001 · Cited by 577 · see citing works
Inflammation Is Necessary for Long-Term but Not Short-Term High-Fat Diet–Induced Insulin Resistance
Lee, Y. S., Li, P., Huh, J. Y., Hwang, I. J., Lu, M., Kim, J. I., Ham, M., Talukdar, S., Chen, A., Lu, W. J., et al. (2011) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db11-0194 · Cited by 566 · see citing works
Inflammatory modulation of HSCs: viewing the HSC as a foundation for the immune response
King, K. Y., & Goodell, M. A. (2011) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri3062 · Cited by 565 · see citing works
Xu, X., Grijalva, A., Skowronski, A., van Eijk, M., Serlie, M. J., & Ferrante, A. W. (2013) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.11.001 · Cited by 523 · see citing works
Saturated Fatty Acid and TLR Signaling Link β Cell Dysfunction and Islet Inflammation
Eguchi, K., Manabe, I., Tanaka, Y., Ohsugi, M., Kono, N., Ogata, F., Yagi, N., Ohto, U., Kimoto, M., Miyake, K., et al. (2012) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.01.023 · Cited by 519 · see citing works
Solinas, G., Vilcu, C., Neels, J. G., Bandyopadhyay, G. K., Luo, J.-L., Naugler, W., Grivennikov, S., Wynshaw-Boris, A., Scadeng, M., Olefsky, J. M., et al. (2007) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2007.09.011 · Cited by 513 · see citing works
Adipose Tissue Macrophages Promote Myelopoiesis and Monocytosis in Obesity
Nagareddy, P. R., Kraakman, M. J., Masters, S. L., Stirzaker, R. A., Gorman, D. J., Grant, R. W., Dragoljevic, D., Hong, E. S., Abdel‐Latif, A., Smyth, S. S., et al. (2014) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2014.03.029 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
Cawthorn, W., Scheller, E., Learman, B. S., Parlee, S., Simon, B., Mori, H., Ning, X.-M., Bree, A. J., Schell, B. A., Broome, D. T., et al. (2014) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2014.06.003 · Cited by 506 · see citing works
Self-citationImmunological Goings-on in Visceral Adipose Tissue
Mathis, D. J. (2013) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.05.008 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Metabolic endotoxemia with obesity: Is it real and is it relevant?
Boutagy, N. E., McMillan, R. P., Frisard, M. I., & Hulver, M. W. (2016) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2015.06.020 · Cited by 413 · see citing works
The economic impact of obesity in the United States
Hammond, R. A., & Levine (2010) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmsott.s7384 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Endotoxemia Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Incident Diabetes
Pussinen, P. J., Havulinna, A. S., Lehto, M. J., Sundvall, J., & Salomaa, V. V. (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-1676 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Nilsson, E., Jansson, P. A., Perfilyev, A., Volkov, P., Pedersen, M., Svensson, M. K. E., Poulsen, P., Ribel‐Madsen, R., Pedersen, N. L., Almgren, P., et al. (2014) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db13-1459 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Tracking of overweight status from childhood to young adulthood: the Bogalusa Heart Study
Deshmukh-Taskar, P., Nicklas, T. A., Morales, M., Yang, S. Q., Zakeri, I., & Berenson, G. S. (2005) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602266 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Regulation of Obesity-Related Insulin Resistance with Gut Anti-inflammatory Agents
Luck, H., Tsai, S. J., Chung, J., Clemente‐Casares, X., Ghazarian, M., Revelo, X. S., Lei, H., Luk, C. T., Shi, S. Y., Surendra, A., et al. (2015) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.03.001 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
Kolodin, D., van Panhuys, N., Li, C., Magnuson, A. M., Cipolletta, D., Miller, C. M., Wagers, A., Germain, R. N., Benoist, C., & Mathis, D. (2015) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.03.005 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Ontogeny of early life immunity
Dowling, D. J., & Levy, O. (2014) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2014.04.007 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
The economic impact of obesity in the United States
Hammond, R. A., & Levine (2010) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s7384 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Chronic Exposure to a TLR Ligand Injures Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Esplin, B. L., Shimazu, T., Welner, R. S., Garrett, K. P., Nie, L., Zhang, Q., Humphrey, M. B., Yang, Q., Borghesi, L., & Kincade, P. W. (2011) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1003438 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Prevalence of obesity and severe obesity in US children, 1999‐2014
Skinner, A. C., Perrin, E. M., & Skelton, J. A. (2016) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.21497 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Obese adipocytes show ultrastructural features of stressed cells and die of pyroptosis
Giordano, A., Murano, I., Mondini, E., Perugini, J., Smorlesi, A., Severi, I., Barazzoni, R., Scherer, P. E., & Cinti, S. (2013) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m038638 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Moraes‐Vieira, P. M., Yore, M. M., Dwyer, P., Syed, I., Aryal, P., & Kahn, B. B. (2014) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2014.01.018 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Placental structure and inflammation in pregnancies associated with obesity
Roberts, K., Riley, S. C., Reynolds, R. M., Barr, S., Evans, M., Statham, A., Hor, K., Jabbour, H. N., Norman, J. E., & Denison, F. C. (2011) · Placenta · doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2010.12.023 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Identification of an Adipogenic Niche for Adipose Tissue Remodeling and Restoration
Lee, Y., Petkova, A. P., & Granneman, J. G. (2013) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.08.003 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Infancy Weight Gain Predicts Childhood Body Fat and Age at Menarche in Girls
Ong, K. K., Emmett, P. M., Northstone, K., Golding, J., Rogers, I., Ness, A., Wells, J. C. K., & Dunger, D. B. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2008-2489 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Plagemann, A., Heidrich, I., Götz, F., Rohde, W., & Dörner, G. (2009) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/s-0029-1211159 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Pregravid Obesity Associates With Increased Maternal Endotoxemia and Metabolic Inflammation
Basu, S., Haghiac, M., Surace, P., Challier, J.-C., Guerre-Millo, M., Singh, K., Waters, T. P., Minium, J., Presley, L. H., Catalano, P. M., et al. (2010) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2010.215 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Mansuy‐Aubert, V., Zhou, Q. L., Xie, X., Gong, Z., Huang, J., Khan, A. R., Aubert, G., Candelaria, K., Thomas, S. C., Shin, D.-J., et al. (2013) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.03.005 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Multiple Markers of Inflammation and Weight Status: Cross-sectional Analyses Throughout Childhood
Skinner, A. C., Steiner, M. J., Henderson, F. W., & Perrin, E. M. (2010) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2009-2182 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Diet-induced obesity promotes myelopoiesis in hematopoietic stem cells
Singer, K., DelProposto, J. L., Morris, D. L., Zamarron, B. F., Mergian, T. A., Maley, N., Cho, K. W., Geletka, L. M., Subbaiah, P., Muir, L. A., et al. (2014) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2014.06.005 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Self-citationStefanović-Račić, M., Yang, X., Turner, M. S., Mantell, B. S., Stolz, D. B., Sumpter, T. L., SIPULA, I. J., Dedousis, N. L., Scott, D. K., Morel, P. A., et al. (2012) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db11-1523 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Hardy, O. T., Perugini, R. A., Nicoloro, S. M. C., Gallagher-Dorval, K. A., Puri, V., Straubhaar, J., & Czech, M. (2010) · Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.soard.2010.05.013 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Morris, D. L., Cho, K. W., DelProposto, J. L., Oatmen, K. E., Geletka, L. M., Martinez-Santibanez, G., Singer, K., & Lumeng, C. N. (2013) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db12-1404 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Self-citationBuckman, L. B., Hasty, A. H., Flaherty, D. K., Buckman, C. T., Thompson, M. M., Matlock, B. K., Weller, K., & Ellacott, K. L. J. (2014) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2013.06.007 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Gallagher, K. A., Joshi, A., Carson, W. F., Schaller, M., Allen, R., Mukerjee, S., Kittan, N., Feldman, E. L., Henke, P. K., Hogaboam, C., et al. (2015) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db14-0872 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Epigenetic regulation of immune cell functions during post-septic immunosuppression
Carson, W. F., Cavassani, K. A., Dou, Y., & Kunkel, S. L. (2011) · Epigenetics · doi:10.4161/epi.6.3.14017 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Fink, L. N., Costford, S. R., Lee, Y. S., Jensen, T. E., Bilan, P. J., Oberbach, A., Blüher, M., Olefsky, J. M., Sams, A. G., & Klip, A. (2013) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20615 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Luo, Y., Chen, G., Hannemann, N., Ipseiz, N., Krönke, G., Bäuerle, T., Munos, L., Wirtz, S. J., Schett, G. A., & Bözec, A. (2015) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.08.020 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
den Dekker, H. T., der Voort, A. M. M. S., de Jongste, J. C., Annesi‐Maesano, I., Arshad, S. H., Barros, H., Beardsmore, C., Bisgaard, H. F., Phar, S. C., Craig, L. C. A., et al. (2015) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2015.08.050 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Landgraf, K., Rockstroh, D., Wagner, I. V., Weise, S., Tauscher, R., Schwartze, J. T., Löffler, D., Bühligen, U., Wojan, M., Till, H., et al. (2014) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db14-0744 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Ashino, N. G., Saito, K. N., Souza, F. D., Nakutz, F. S., Roman, E. A., Velloso, L. A., Torsoni, A. S., & Torsoni, M. A. (2011) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.12.011 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Systemic Correlates of White Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Iyengar, N. M., Zhou, X. K., Gucalp, A., Morris, P. G., Howe, L. R., Giri, D. D., Morrow, M., Wang, H., Pollak, M., Jones, L. W., et al. (2015) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2239 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Glavas, M. M., Kirigiti, M. A., Xiao, X. Q., Enriori, P. J., Fisher, S. K., Evans, A. E., Grayson, B. E., Cowley, M. A., Smith, M. S., & Grove, K. L. (2010) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2009-1295 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Toll-like receptor 4 modulates skeletal muscle substrate metabolism
Frisard, M. I., McMillan, R. P., Marchand, J., Wahlberg, K. A., Wu, Y., Voelker, K. A., Heilbronn, L. K., Haynie, K. R., Muoio, B. M., Li, L., et al. (2010) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00307.2009 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
High Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adolescents Undergoing Bariatric Surgery
Xanthakos, S. A., Jenkins, T. M., Kleiner, D. E., Boyce, T. W., Mourya, R., Karns, R., Brandt, M. L., Harmon, C. M., Helmrath, M. A., Michalsky, M. P., et al. (2015) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2015.05.039 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Ji, Y., Sun, S., Xia, S., Yang, L., Li, X., & Qi, L. (2012) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m112.371807 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Megías, J., Yáñez, A., Moriano‐Gutierrez, S., O’Connor, J., Gozalbo, D., & Gil, M. L. (2012) · Stem Cells · doi:10.1002/stem.1110 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Schipper, H. S., Nuboer, R., Prop, S., van den Ham, H., de Boer, F. K., Keşmir, C., Mombers, I. M. H., van Bekkum, K. A., Woudstra, J., Kieft, J. H., et al. (2012) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-012-2641-y · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Murabayashi, N., Sugiyama, T., Zhang, L., Kamimoto, Y., Umekawa, T., Ma, N., & Sagawa, N. (2013) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.02.003 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Rapid Postnatal Weight Gain and Visceral Adiposity in Adulthood: The Fels Longitudinal Study
Demerath, E. W., Reed, D., Choh, A. C., Soloway, L. E., Lee, M., Czerwinski, S. A., Chumlea, W. C., Siervogel, R. M., & Towne, B. (2009) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2009.105 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Power, C., & Thomas, C. (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-1482 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Berkseth, K. E., Guyenet, S. J., Melhorn, S. J., Lee, D., Thaler, J. P., Schur, E. A., & Schwartz, M. W. (2014) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2014-1121 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Obesity and Inflammation: Evidence for an Elementary Lesion
Sbarbati, A., Osculati, F., Silvagni, D., Benati, D., Galiè, M., Camoglio, F. S., Rigotti, G., & Maffeis, C. (2006) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2004-2854 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Kursawe, R., Dixit, V. D., Scherer, P. E., Santoro, N., Narayan, D., Gordillo, R., Giannini, C., López, X., Pierpont, B. M., Nouws, J., et al. (2015) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db15-1478 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Influence of BMI on Level of Circulating Progenitor Cells
Bellows, C. F., Zhang, Y., Simmons, P. J., Khalsa, A. S., & Kolonin, M. G. (2011) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2010.347 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Tzoulaki, I., Järvelin, M., Hartikainen, A., Leinonen, M., Pouta, A. M., Paldanius, M., Ruokonen, A., Canoy, D., Sovio, U., Saikku, P., et al. (2008) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehn105 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Attard, S. M., Herring, A., Howard, A., & Gordon-Larsen, P. (2013) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20569 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
MILLER, J. M., Kaylor, M. B., Johannsson, M. B., Bay, C. R., & Churilla, J. R. (2014) · Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders · doi:10.1089/met.2014.0055 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Weight Gain in Infancy and Vascular Risk Factors in Later Childhood
Skilton, M. R., Marks, G. B., Ayer, J. G., Garden, F. L., Garnett, S. P., Harmer, J. A., Leeder, S., Toelle, B. G., Webb, K., Baur, L. A., et al. (2013) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2012-2789 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Genome-Wide Expression in Visceral Adipose Tissue from Obese Prepubertal Children
Aguilera, C. M., Gómez‐Llorente, C., Tofé, I., Gil‐Campos, M., Cañete, R., & Gil, Á. (2015) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms16047723 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Transmission of Obesity-Adiposity and Related Disorders from the Mother to the Baby
Yajnik, C. S. (2014) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000362608 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Sutton, G. M., Centanni, A. V., & Butler, A. A. (2010) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2009-1133 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Metabolic Syndrome: Bridging the Gap from Childhood to Adulthood
Ağırbaşlı, M. A., Tanrikulu, A. M., & Berenson, G. S. (2015) · Cardiovascular Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/1755-5922.12165 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Magee, T. R., Han, G., Cherian, B., Khorram, O., Ross, M. G., & Desai, M. (2008) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2008.05.022 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Tapia‐González, S., García-Segura, L. M., Tena‐Sempere, M., Frago, L. M., Castellano, J. M., Fuente-Martín, E., García‐Cáceres, C., Argente, J., & Chowen, J. A. (2011) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02113.x · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Ding, Y., Li, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Xiao, H., Li, J., Chen, H., Petersen, R. B., Huang, K., & Zheng, L. (2014) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2013.98 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Ziko, I., Luca, S. N. D., Dinan, T., Barwood, J. M., Sominsky, L., Cai, G., Kenny, R., Stokes, L., Jenkins, T. A., & Spencer, S. J. (2014) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2014.06.014 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
da Conceição, E. P. S., Franco, J. G., OLIVEIRA, E. B. D., Resende, Â. C., Amaral, T. A. S., Peixoto‐Silva, N., Passos, M. C. F., de Moura, E. G., & Lisboa, P. C. (2012) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.02.010 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Rother, E., Kuschewski, R., Alcazar, M. A. A., Oberthuer, A., Bae‐Gartz, I., Vohlen, C., Roth, B., & Dötsch, J. (2011) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2011-1589 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Severely Obese Adolescents
Michalsky, M. P., Inge, T. H., Simmons, M., Jenkins, T. M., Buncher, R. R., Helmrath, M. A., Brandt, M. L., Harmon, C. M., Courcoulas, A. P., Chen, M. J., et al. (2015) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.3690 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Pohl, J., Woodside, B. C., & Luheshi, G. N. (2009) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2009-0526 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Alfaradhi, M. Z., Kusinski, L. C., Fernandez-Twinn, D. S., Pantaleão, L., Carr, S. K., Ferland-McCollough, D., Yeo, G., Bushell, M., & Ozanne, S. (2016) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2016-1314 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Maternal high-fat diet and obesity compromise fetal hematopoiesis
Kamimae-Lanning, A. N., Krasnow, S. M., Goloviznina, N. A., Zhu, X., Roth‐Carter, Q. R., Levasseur, P. R., Jeng, S., McWeeney, S. K., Kurre, P., & Marks, D. L. (2014) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2014.11.001 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
The relationship between body fat mass percentiles and inflammation in children
Singer, K., Eng, D. S., Lumeng, C. N.-K., Gebremariam, A., & Lee, J. M. (2014) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20710 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationGene Profiling of Human Adipose Tissue During Evoked Inflammation In Vivo
Shah, R. D., Lu, Y., Hinkle, C. C., McGillicuddy, F. C., Kim, R. Y., Hannenhalli, S. S., Cappola, T. P., Heffron, S. P., Wang, X., Mehta, N. N., et al. (2009) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db09-0256 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Zhang, Z., Kris‐Etherton, P. M., & Hartman, T. J. (2013) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-013-1382-y · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells as Effectors in Innate Immunity
Granick, J. L., Simon, S. I., & Borjesson, D. L. (2012) · Bone Marrow Research · doi:10.1155/2012/165107 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Maternal obesity associated with inflammation in their children
Leibowitz, K. L., Moore, R. H., Ahima, R. S., Stunkard, A. J., Stallings, V. A., Berkowitz, R. I., Chittams, J. L., Faith, M. S., & Stettler, N. (2011) · World Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s12519-011-0292-6 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Clarke, M. A., Stefanidis, A., & Spencer, S. J. (2011) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02269.x · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Permanence of molecular features of obesity in subcutaneous adipose tissue of ex-obese subjects
Cancello, R., Zulian, A., Gentilini, D., Mencarelli, M., Barba, A. D., Maffei, M., Vitti, P., Invitti, C., Liuzzi, A., & Blasio, A. M. D. (2013) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2013.7 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Beardsall, K., Ong, K. K., Murphy, N., Ahmed, M. L., Zhao, J. H., Peeters, M., & Dunger, D. B. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0757 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Kerkhof, G. F., Leunissen, R. W. J., & Hokken‐Koelega, A. C. S. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2012-1426 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Ornellas, F., Souza‐Mello, V., Mandarim‐de‐Lacerda, C. A., & Águila, M. B. (2015) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.10.019 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Tam, C. S., Tordjman, J., Divoux, A., Baur, L. A., & Clément, K. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2011-2806 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Weight loss, inflammatory markers, and improvements of iron status in overweight and obese children
Gong, L., Yuan, F., Teng, J., Li, X., Zheng, S., Lin, L., Deng, H., Ma, G., Sun, C., & Li, Y. (2014) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.12.004 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Circulating Levels of Inflammatory Markers in Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Boutsikou, Τ., Mastorakos, G. P., Kyriakakou, M., Margeli, A., Hassiakos, D., Papassotiriou, I., Kanaka‐Gantenbein, C., & Malamitsi‐Puchner, A. (2010) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2010/790605 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
An early inflammatory gene profile in visceral adipose tissue in children
Tam, C. S., Heilbronn, L. K., Hénégar, C., Wong, M., Cowell, C. T. C. T., Cowley, M. J., Kaplan, W. H., Clément, K., & Baur, L. A. (2011) · International Journal of Pediatric Obesity · doi:10.3109/17477166.2011.575152 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Kratz, M., Hagman, D. K., Kuzma, J. N., Foster‐Schubert, K. E., Chan, C. P., Stewart, S. D., Yserloo, B. V., Westbrook, E. O., Arterburn, D. E., Flum, D. R., et al. (2016) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.21524 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Ferrari, M., Cuenca‐García, M., Valtueña, J., Moreno, L. A., Censi, L., González‐Gross, M., Androutsos, O., Gilbert, C. C., Huybrechts, I., Dallongeville, J., et al. (2014) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2014.154 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Associations Between Genetic Obesity Susceptibility and Early Postnatal Fat and Lean Mass
Elks, C. E., Heude, B., de Zegher, F., Barton, S. J., Clément, K., Inskip, H. M., Koudou, Y. A., Cooper, C. C., Dunger, D. B., Ibáñez, L., et al. (2014) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.1619 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
van der Burg, J. W., Allred, E. N., McElrath, T. F., Fichorova, R. N., Kuban, K., O’Shea, T. M., Dammann, O., & Leviton, A. (2013) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2013.09.014 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Magnus, M. C., Olsen, S. F., Granström, C., Joner, G., Skrivarhaug, T., Svensson, J., Johannesen, J., Njølstad, P. R., Magnus, P. M., Størdal, K., et al. (2015) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.3759 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Intrauterine Programming of Diabetes and Adiposity
Tomar, A. S., Tallapragada, D. S. P., Nongmaithem, S. S., Shrestha, S., Yajnik, C. S., & Chandak, G. R. (2015) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-015-0175-6 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Jacobsen, M. J., Mentzel, C. M. J., Olesen, A. S., Huby, T., Jørgensen, C. B., Barrès, R., Fredholm, M., & Simar, D. (2015) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2016/8539057 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Nazmi, A., González, D., Oliveira, I. O., Horta, B. L., Gigante, D. P., & Victora, C. G. (2008) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.20852 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Kayser, B. D., Goran, M. I., & Bouret, S. G. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0121954 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Nonlinear Relationship between Birth Weight and Visceral Fat in Adolescents
Stansfield, B. K., Fain, M. E., Bhatia, J. J. S., Gutin, B., Nguyen, J., & Pollock, N. K. (2016) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.04.012 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The cellularity of offspring's adipose tissue is programmed by maternal nutritional manipulations
Lecoutre, S., & Breton, C. (2014) · Adipocyte · doi:10.4161/adip.29806 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Riddle, E. S., Campbell, M. S., Lang, B. Y., Bierer, R., Wang, Y., Bagley, H. N., & Joss‐Moore, L. A. (2014) · Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1155/2014/829862 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Neonatal overnutrition in mice exacerbates high-fat diet-induced metabolic perturbations
Liu, Z., Lim, C. Y., Su, M. Y.-F., Soh, S. L., Shui, G., Wenk, M. R., Grove, K. L., Radda, G. K., Han, W., & Xiao, X. (2013) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-13-0111 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Obesity Induced by Neonatal Overfeeding Worsens Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Inflammation
Ye, Z., Huang, Y., Liu, D., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047013 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Lira, F. S., Neto, J. C. R., Pimentel, G. D., dos Santos, R. V. T., Carnier, J., Sanches, P. D. L., de Piano, A., de Souza, C. T., Tock, L., Tufik, S., et al. (2012) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2891-11-74 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Neonatal overfeeding attenuates acute central pro-inflammatory effects of short-term high fat diet
Cai, G., Dinan, T., Barwood, J. M., Luca, S. N. D., Soch, A., Ziko, I., Chan, S. M. H., Zeng, X., Li, S., Molero, J. C., et al. (2015) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2014.00446 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Chen, W., Srinivasan, S. R., Xu, J.-H., et al. (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-0619 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Fish Oil–Rich Diet Promotes Hematopoiesis and Alters Hematopoietic Niche
Xia, S., Li, X.-P., Lu, C. Y., Han, M., Zhang, M.-M., Shao, Q., Hua-xi, X., & Qi, L. (2015) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2015-1258 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Walker, R. W., Allayee, H., Inserra, A., Fruhwirth, R., Alisi, A., Vito, R. D., Carey, M. E., SINATRA, F. R., Goran, M. I., & Nobili, V. (2014) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20730 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Bhuiyan, A. R., Srinivasan, S. R., Chen, W., Azevedo, M. J., & Berenson, G. S. (2011) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/1756-0500-4-71 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Metabolic endotoxaemia in childhood obesity
Varma, M. C., Kusminski, C. M., Azharian, S., Gilardini, L., Kumar, S., Invitti, C., & McTernan, P. G. (2015) · BMC Obesity · doi:10.1186/s40608-016-0083-7 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Cai, G., Ziko, I., Barwood, J. M., Soch, A., Sominsky, L., Molero, J. C., & Spencer, S. J. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep21097 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Chen, W., Srinivasan, S. R., & Berenson, G. S. (2008) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwn341 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Influence of Endotoxin on Adipose Tissue Metabolism
Spitzer, J. A., Kovach, A., Rosell, S., et al. (1973) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-3228-2_33 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Factor-Litvak, P. R. (2016) · ASPPH 2016 Annual Meeting (March 20-22) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span
Furman, D., Campisi, J., Verdin, E., Carrera-Bastos, P., Targ, S., Franceschi, C., Ferrucci, L., Gilroy, D. W., Fasano, A., Miller, G. W., et al. (2019) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0675-0 · Cited by 4,915 · see citing works
Inflammatory mechanisms linking obesity and metabolic disease
Saltiel, A. R., & Olefsky, J. M. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci92035 · Cited by 2,212 · see citing works
- Authors
- Singer, K., & Lumeng, C. N.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 2017-01-03
- Volume
- 127
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 65-73
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-8238
- PMC
- PMC5199687
- OpenAlex
- W2563391368
- Cited by
- 194
- References
- 145
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 8
- FWCI
- 2.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Diabetes Association (7-12-CD-08)
- University of Michigan (48109)
- National Institutes of Health
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan
- Medical School, University of Michigan
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K08DK101755, R01DK090262, DK090262, P30DK020572)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R21HD086696)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Keywords
- metabolic inflammation, childhood obesity, meta-inflammation, chronic inflammation, early life events, child development, metabolic disease prevention, developmental origins of adult disease
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Inflammation, Male, Metabolic Diseases, Obesity, Age of Onset
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
