A neural mechanism underlying predictive visual motion processing in patients with schizophrenia
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Abstract
Psychotic symptoms may be traced back to sensory sensitivity. Thereby, visual motion (VM) processing particularly has been suggested to be impaired in schizophrenia (SCZ). In healthy brains, VM underlies predictive processing within hierarchically structured systems. However, less is known about predictive VM processing in SCZ. Therefore, we performed fMRI during a VM paradigm with three conditions of varying predictability, i.e., Predictable-, Random-, and Arbitrary motion. The study sample comprised 17 SCZ patients and 23 healthy controls. We calculated general linear model (GLM) analysis to assess group differences in VM processing across motion conditions. Here, we identified significantly lower activity in right temporoparietal junction (TPJ) for SCZ patients. Therefore, right TPJ was set as seed for connectivity analyses. For patients, across conditions we identified increased connections to higher regions, namely medial prefrontal cortex, or paracingulate gyrus. Healthy subjects activated sensory regions as area V5, or superior parietal lobule. Reduced TPJ activity may reflect both a failure in the bottom-up flow of visual information and a decrease of signal processing as consequence of increased top-down input from frontal areas. In sum, these altered neural patterns provide a framework for future studies focusing on predictive VM processing to identify potential biomarkers of psychosis.
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In schizophrenia, reduced connectivity between several brain areas was found in tasks involving movements: precuneus and medial prefrontal cortex during predictable motion; left frontal pole, superior frontal gyrus, and paracingulate gyrus during random motion; right cerebellum, left superior frontal gyrus, and paracingulate gyrus during arbitrary motion.
“Reduced connectivity between several brain areas was found in tasks involving movements, such as precuneus and medial prefrontal cortex during predictable motion; left frontal pole, superior frontal gyrus, and paracingulate gyrus during random motion; right cerebellum, left superior frontal gyrus, and par acingulate gyrus during arbitrary motion (Dzafic et al., 2021; Scheliga et al., 2022”
From Predictive coding in neuropsychiatric disorders: a systematic transdiagnostic review. (2025) · cites this paper as Scheliga et al., 2022
The Discussion (§4) reports higher TPJ connectivity in patients with schizophrenia for the listed predictable- and arbitrary-motion regions, not reduced connectivity. It also describes higher connectivity to the left frontal pole and paracingulate gyrus during random motion. The claim reverses the principal direction of the reported findings. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCompared to healthy controls, schizophrenia patients showed stronger functional connectivity between orbitofrontal and visual cortex, and between the right and left superior temporal gyrus.
“Compared to HC, patients with SCZ showed stronger functional connectivity between orbitofrontal and vi sual cortex, and between the right and left superior temporal gyrus.”
From Predictive coding in neuropsychiatric disorders: a systematic transdiagnostic review. (2025) · cites this paper as Scheliga et al., 2022
The Methods (§2.6) describe connectivity analyses using the right temporoparietal junction as the seed. The Results (§3.2) report differences in connectivity with that seed, but do not address connectivity between orbitofrontal and visual cortex or between the right and left superior temporal gyri. Searches for those specific connections found no supporting passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.74)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn schizophrenia, reduced connectivity between the left and right hemispheres was observed for the inferior/superior frontal gyrus and primary auditory cortex during prediction tasks.
“Conversely, reduced connectivity between the left and right hemi spheres was observed for the inferior/superior frontal gyrus and primary auditory cortex during prediction tasks.”
From Predictive coding in neuropsychiatric disorders: a systematic transdiagnostic review. (2025) · cites this paper as Scheliga et al., 2022
The Results (§3.2, page unavailable) report connectivity between a right TPJ seed and other regions during visual-motion conditions, including stronger connectivity with the right superior frontal gyrus in controls during random motion. The Discussion (§4, page unavailable) describes reduced patient connectivity between TPJ and visual area V5 during predictable motion. Neither passage addresses connectivity between the left and right hemispheres involving the frontal gyri or primary auditory cortex; searches for those regions and interhemispheric connectivity found no such result. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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Predictive coding in neuropsychiatric disorders: a systematic transdiagnostic review.
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Bottom-up and top-down contributions to impaired motion processing in schizophreniaPreprint
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- Authors
- Scheliga, S., Schwank, R., Scholle, R., Habel, U., & Kellermann, T.
- Affiliations
- RWTH Aachen University (DE)
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Scheliga, Sebastian
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-12
- Volume
- 318
- Pages
- 114934
- ISSN
- 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4308307010
- Cited by
- 8
- References
- 96
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 0.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
- medRxiv (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- RWTH Aachen University (ICCR N4-4, START 135/14, IZKF TN1-8/IA 532008)
- RWTH Aachen University Medical Faculty
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (368482240/GRK2416, RTG 2416, IRTG-1328)
- Natural Resources Wales
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Klinische Forschung, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
- European Regional Development Fund
- European Commission
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, visual motion processing, predictive processing, temporoparietal junction, medial prefrontal cortex, paracingulate gyrus, neuronal connectivity
- MeSH terms
- Brain Mapping, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Parietal Lobe, Schizophrenia, Visual Cortex, Visual Perception
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