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Cited by 261Sleep and related disordersImpact of Technology on AdolescentsChild Development and Digital Technology

Associations between specific technologies and adolescent sleep quantity, sleep quality, and parasomnias

Arora, Teresa, Broglia, Emma, Thomas, G. Neil, Taheri, Shahrad·2014·Sleep Medicine
DOI 10.1016/j.sleep.2013.08.799
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Abstract

Objective We tested the hypothesis that weekday bedtime use of six technologies would be significantly associated with eight sleep parameters studied relating to sleep quantity, sleep quality, and parasomnias.Methods In our cross-sectional study, we previously administered validated age-appropriate questionnaires (School Sleep Habits Survey, Technology Use Questionnaire). Participating adolescents (n=738; 54.5% boys) were aged 11-13 years and were from the Midlands region of the United Kingdom in 2010.Results Frequent use of all technology types was significantly inversely associated with weekday sleep duration (hours). Frequent music listeners and video gamers had significantly prolonged sleep onset (β=7.03 [standard error {SE}, 2.66]; P<.01 and β=6.17 [SE, 2.42]; P<.05, respectively). Frequent early awakening was significantly associated with frequent use of all technology types. The greatest effect was observed in frequent television viewers (odds ratio [OR], 4.05 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 2.06-7.98]). Difficulty falling asleep was significantly associated with frequent mobile telephone use, video gaming, and social networking, with music listeners demonstrating the greatest effect (OR, 2.85 [95%CI, 1.58-5.13]). Music listeners were at increased risk for frequent nightmares (OR, 2.02 [95% CI, 1.22-3.45]). Frequent use of all technologies except for music and mobile telephones was significantly associated with greater cognitive difficulty in shutting off. Frequent television viewers were almost four times more likely to report higher sleepwalking frequency (OR, 3.70 [95% CI, 1.89-7.27]).Conclusions Frequent weekday technology use at bedtime was associated with significant adverse effects on multiple sleep parameters. If confirmed in other samples and longitudinally, improving sleep hygiene through better management of technology could enhance the health and well-being of adolescent populations.

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  • Research to date has tended to focus on problematic or 'addicted' social media users or to compare outcomes for the highest users against the lowest users.

    “Research to date has tended to focus on problematic or ‘addicted’ social media users10 20 or to compare outcomes for the highest users against the lowest users.15 17 21”

    From Social media use and adolescent sleep patterns: cross-sectional findings from the UK millennium cohort study (2019) · cites this paper as [15]

  • Individual studies that have controlled for specific groups of covariates generally suggest that associations do persist.

    “Individual studies that have controlled for specific groups of covariates generally suggest that associations do persist.15 16”

    From Social media use and adolescent sleep patterns: cross-sectional findings from the UK millennium cohort study (2019) · cites this paper as [15]

  • Previous studies have found a significant association between social media use and measures of sleep disturbance (including long sleep onset latency and difficulty falling asleep) when controlling for age and sex, sociodemographic measures, and sleep hygiene behaviours.

    “Previous studies have found a significant association between social media use and measures of sleep disturbance (including long sleep onset latency and difficulty falling asleep) when controlling for: age and sex19; sociodemographic measures21 and sleep hygiene behaviours.15”

    From Social media use and adolescent sleep patterns: cross-sectional findings from the UK millennium cohort study (2019) · cites this paper as [15]

  • In that sample, frequent use of social networking sites had the strongest impact on reduced weekday sleep duration.

    “Still, frequent use of social networking sites had the strongest impact on reduced weekday sleep duration among this sample.”

    From The association between social media use and sleep disturbance among young adults (2016) · cites this paper as [22]

  • A study of 11-13 year olds in the Midlands region of the United Kingdom found that television, music, and video games were more substantially associated with sleep problems than social media.

    “However, another study among 11-13 year olds in the Midlands region of the United Kingdom demonstrated that, compared with SM, use of other technologies such as television, music, and video games was more substantially associated with sleep problems.22”

    From The association between social media use and sleep disturbance among young adults (2016) · cites this paper as [22]

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Authors
Arora, T., Broglia, E., Thomas, G. N., & Taheri, S.
Affiliations
  • Cornell University (US)
  • University of Birmingham (GB)
  • Heidelberg University (DE)
Corresponding author
Taheri, Shahrad
ORCID
Venue
Sleep Medicine
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014-02
Volume
15
Issue
2
Pages
240-247
ISSN
1389-9457 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.sleep.2013.08.799
OpenAlex
W2016752342
Cited by
261
References
44
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 6
FWCI
22.53
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Sleep Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Action Medical Research
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
  • Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
Keywords
adolescents, sleep duration, sleep quality, parasomnias, sleep onset, early morning awakening, difficulty falling asleep, nightmares, sleepwalking, television viewing, video gaming, music listening, mobile phone use, social networking, sleep hygiene
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Music, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sleep, Telephone, Television, Time Factors, Video Games, Parasomnias, Cell Phone, Social Media

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