On-Line Monitoring of Large Cultivations of Microalgae and Cyanobacteria
Abstract
Large cultivations of microalgae will benefit from on-line monitoring to achieve process control and improved productivity. This monitoring requires reliable sensors for on-line, in situ measurement of both physicochemical and biological process variables. Although standard industrial sensors can be used for many physicochemical variables, monitoring methods for most biological quantities rely on sensors that are currently suitable only for laboratory scale or off-line use. Here, we review these methods and discuss new approaches that could be adapted. We suggest that these new methods should be noninvasive and based on approaches that have already been applied to other bioprocesses; examples discussed here are in situ microscopy, flow cytometry (FC), IR spectroscopy, and software sensors.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Devices integrating spectrometers with bioprocessing units include flow-through ATR cells and autoclavable optical fibres with ATR crystals at the tip.
“Two classes of such devices are flow-through ATR cells, where the sample stream flows through the measurement chamber of the FTIR spectrometer [230], and autoclavable optical fibres with ATR crystals at the tip [231].”
From Multi-Sensing Monitoring of the Microalgae Biomass Cultivation Systems for Biofuels and Added Value Products Synthesis—Challenges and Opportunities (2025) · cites this paper as [231]
The first commercial system capable of working on-line in microalgae bioprocessing, including automated sampling and dilution, was announced by FlowCam in January 2013.
“The first commercial system capable of working on-line in microalgae bioprocessing, including automated sampling and dilution, was announced by FlowCam in January 2013 [231].”
From Multi-Sensing Monitoring of the Microalgae Biomass Cultivation Systems for Biofuels and Added Value Products Synthesis—Challenges and Opportunities (2025) · cites this paper as [231]
The application of chemometrics using MVA techniques like PCA holds a promising prospect for a wide range of applications, especially in the production of microalgae.
“The application of chemometrics using MVA techniques like PCA holds a promising prospect for a wide range of applications, especially in the production of microalgae [116].”
From Factors Affecting Microalgae Production for Biofuels and the Potentials of Chemometric Methods in Assessing and Optimizing Productivity (2019) · cites this paper as [116]
Cites
Brennan, L., & Owende, P. (2010) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2009.10.009 · Cited by 4,894 · see citing works
Rodolfi, L., Chini Zittelli, G., Bassi, N., Padovani, G., Biondi, N., Bonini, G., & Tredici, M. R. (2009) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.22033 · Cited by 2,879 · see citing works
Chen, C.-Y., Yeh, K.-L., Aisyah, R., Lee, D.-J., & Chang, J.-S. (2011) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.159 · Cited by 1,860 · see citing works
Commercial production of microalgae: ponds, tanks, tubes and Fermenters.
Borowitzka, M. A. (1999) · Journal of Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/s0168-1656(99)00083-8 · Cited by 1,317 · see citing works
Biodiesel from algae: challenges and prospects
Scott, S. A., Davey, M. P., Dennis, J. S., Horst, I., Howe, C. J., Lea-Smith, D. J., & Smith, A. G. (2010) · Current Opinion in Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2010.03.005 · Cited by 1,183 · see citing works
Li, Y., Horsman, M., Wang, B., Wu, N., & Lan, C. Q. (2008) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-008-1681-1 · Cited by 1,116 · see citing works
Handbook of Microalgal Culture. Biotechnology and Applied Phycology
Moi, P. S. (2004) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1023/b:japh.0000044943.45511.5e · Cited by 920 · see citing works
Design principles of photo-bioreactors for cultivation of microalgae
Posten, C. (2009) · Engineering in Life Sciences · doi:10.1002/elsc.200900003 · Cited by 815 · see citing works
Kumar, K., Dasgupta, C. N., Nayak, B., Lindblad, P., & Das, D. (2011) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2011.01.054 · Cited by 533 · see citing works
Microalgal mass culture systems and methods: their limitation and potential
Lee, Y.-K. (2001) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1023/a:1017560006941 · Cited by 528 · see citing works
Dean, A. P., Sigee, D. C., Estrada, B., & Pittman, J. K. (2010) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.065 · Cited by 523 · see citing works
Algae: Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Biotechnology
Barsanti, L. A., & Gualtieri, P. (2006) · Cited by 519 · see citing works
Sensors: A Comprehensive Survey
Hauptmann, P. R. (1996) · Measurement Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/0957-0233/7/9/016 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
Doucha, J., Straka, F., & Lívanský, K. (2005) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-005-8701-7 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
Algae: anatomy, biochemistry, and biotechnology
(2006) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.44-0924 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
The technology of microalgal culturing
Eriksen, N. T. (2008) · Biotechnology Letters · doi:10.1007/s10529-008-9740-3 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Pruvost, J., Vooren, G. V., Gouic, B. L., Couzinet‐Mossion, A., & Legrand, J. (2010) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.153 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Flow cytometry for the development of biotechnological processes with microalgae
Hyka, P., Lickova, S., Přibyl, P., Melzoch, K., & Kovar, K. (2012) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.04.007 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Masojídek, J., Torzillo, G., & Koblížek, M. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118567166.ch2 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Doucha, J., & Lívanský, K. (2006) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-006-9100-4 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Photobioreactor Design for Commercial Biofuel Production from Microalgae
Kunjapur, A. M., & Eldridge, R. B. (2010) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/ie901459u · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Neochloris oleabundans UTEX #1185: a suitable renewable lipid source for biofuel production
Gouveia, L., Marques, A. E., da Silva, T. L., & dos Reis, A. J. D. (2009) · Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s10295-009-0559-2 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Photobioreactor engineering: Design and performance
Suh, I. S., & Lee, C. (2003) · Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering · doi:10.1007/bf02949274 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
PAM fluorometry as a tool to assess microalgal nutrient stress and monitor cellular neutral lipids
White, S., Anandraj, A., & Bux, F. (2010) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.09.097 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Microalgae bulk growth model with application to industrial scale systems
Quinn, J. C., de Winter, L., & Bradley, T. H. (2011) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2011.01.019 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Chinnasamy, S., Bhatnagar, A., Claxton, R., & Das, K. C. (2010) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.03.094 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Masojídek, J., Kopecký, J., Giannelli, L., & Torzillo, G. (2010) · Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s10295-010-0774-x · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Design scenarios for flat panel photobioreactors
Slegers, P. M., Wijffels, R. H., Straten, G. V., & van Boxtel, A. J. B. (2011) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.12.037 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Microalgal biomass production: challenges and realities
Grobbelaar, J. U. (2010) · Photosynthesis Research · doi:10.1007/s11120-010-9573-5 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Horizontal or vertical photobioreactors? How to improve microalgae photosynthetic efficiency
Cuaresma, M., Janssen, M., Vílchez, C., & Wijffels, R. H. (2011) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2011.01.078 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Monitoring of biomass composition from microbiological sources by means of FT‐IR spectroscopy
Pistorius, A. M. A., DeGrip, W. J., & Egorova‐Zachernyuk, T. A. (2008) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.22220 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Hulatt, C. J., & Thomas, D. N. (2011) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2011.02.025 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Outdoor open thin-layer microalgal photobioreactor: potential productivity
Doucha, J., & Lívanský, K. (2008) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-008-9336-2 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Laurens, L. M. L., & Wolfrum, E. J. (2011) · BioEnergy Research · doi:10.1007/s12155-010-9098-y · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Microalgae and biofuels: A promising partnership?
Malcata, F. X. (2011) · Trends in biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2011.05.005 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
López, M. C. G.-M., Río, E. D., López, J. L. C., Acién, F. G., Fernández-Sevilla, J. M., Rivas, J., Guerrero, M. G., & Grima, E. M. (2006) · Journal of Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.11.010 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Sensors — a comprehensive survey
Sharma, A. K. (1993) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/0956-5663(93)85019-k · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Mass Cultivation of Freshwater Microalgae
Masojídek, J., & Torzillo, G. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-008045405-4.00830-2 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Model predictive control of pH in tubular photobioreactors
Berenguel, M., Rodríguez, F., Acién, F. G., & Sánchez, J. L. G. (2003) · Journal of Process Control · doi:10.1016/j.jprocont.2003.07.001 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
On-line infrared spectroscopy for bioprocess monitoring
Landgrebe, D., Haake, C., Höpfner, T., Beutel, S., Hitzmann, B., Scheper, T., Rhiel, M., & Reardon, K. F. (2010) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-010-2743-8 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Self-citationNedbal, L., Trtílek, M., Červený, J., Komárek, O., & Pakrasi, H. B. (2008) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.21833 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Meiser, A., Schmid‐Staiger, U., & Trösch, W. (2004) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1023/b:japh.0000048507.95878.b5 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Holm‐Nielsen, J. B., Lomborg, C. J., Oleśkowicz-Popiel, P., & Esbensen, K. H. (2007) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.21571 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
The potential of mid infrared spectroscopy (MIRS) for real time bioprocess monitoring
Roychoudhury, P., Harvey, L. M., & McNeil, B. W. J. (2006) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2006.04.086 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Sandnes, J. M., Ringstad, T., Wenner, D., Heyerdahl, P. H., Källqvist, T., & Gislerød, H. R. (2006) · Journal of Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.08.034 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
An experimental helical-tubular photobioreactor for continuous production of Nannochloropsis sp.
Briassoulis, D., Panagakis, P., Chionidis, M., Tzenos, D., Lalos, A. S., Tsinos, C. G., Berberidis, K., & Jacobsen, A. (2010) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.03.103 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Ödman, P., Johansen, C. L., Lisbeth Olsson, A., Gernaey, K. V., & Lantz, A. E. (2009) · Journal of Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2009.08.018 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
An Automated Platform for Phytoplankton Ecology and Aquatic Ecosystem Monitoring
Pomati, F., Jokela, J., Simona, M., Veronesi, M. L., & Ibelings, B. W. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es201934n · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Solovchenko, A. E., Khozin‐Goldberg, I., Recht, L., & Boussiba, S. (2010) · Marine Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s10126-010-9323-x · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Biomass production of a Scenedesmus sp. under phosphorous-starvation cultivation condition
Wu, Y.-H., Yin, Y., Li, X., Hu, H., & Su, Z.-F. (2012) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2012.02.037 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Prediction of volumetric productivity of an outdoor photobioreactor
Bosma, R., van Zessen, E., Reith, J. H., TRAMPER, J., & Wijffels, R. H. (2007) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.21319 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Jakob, T., Wagner, H., Stehfest, K., & Wilhelm, C. (2007) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/erm084 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Single‐Use Technology in Biopharmaceutical Manufacture
Eibl, R., & Eibl, D. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470909997 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Sukenik, A., Beardall, J., Kromkamp, J. C., Kopecký, J., Masojídek, J., van Bergeijk, S. A., Gabai, S., Shaham, E., & Yamshon, A. (2009) · Aquatic Microbial Ecology · doi:10.3354/ame01309 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Real-Time on-Line Flow Cytometry for Bioprocess Monitoring
Broger, T., Odermatt, R. P., Huber, P., & Sonnleitner, B. (2011) · Journal of Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.05.003 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Continuous production of green cells of Haematococcus pluvialis: Modeling of the irradiance effect
García‐Malea, M. C., Acién, F. G., Fernández-Sevilla, J. M., Cerón, M. C., & Molina, E. (2005) · Enzyme and Microbial Technology · doi:10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.08.031 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Two-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy: A novel approach for controlling fed-batch cultivations
Hantelmann, K., Kollecker, M., Hüll, D., Hitzmann, B., & Scheper, T. (2006) · Journal of Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.07.016 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, J., Xu, N. S., & Su, W. W. (2003) · Biochemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/s1369-703x(02)00135-3 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
A review of non-invasive optical-based image analysis systems for continuous bioprocess monitoring
Höpfner, T., Bluma, A., Rudolph, G., Lindner, P., & Scheper, T. H. (2009) · Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering · doi:10.1007/s00449-009-0319-8 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationDevelopment of a new airlift-driven raceway reactor for algal cultivation
Ketheesan, B., & Nirmalakhandan, N. N. (2011) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.12.034 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Roychoudhury, P., O’Kennedy, R. D., McNeil, B. W. J., & Harvey, L. M. (2007) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2007.03.011 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Bioreactor state estimation and control
Komives, C., & Parker, R. S. (2003) · Current Opinion in Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2003.09.001 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Solovchenko, A. E., Khozin‐Goldberg, I., Cohen, Z., & Merzlyak, M. N. (2008) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-008-9377-6 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Brennan, L., Blanco Fernández, A., Mostaert, A. S., & Owende, P. (2012) · Journal of Microbiological Methods · doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2012.03.020 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Application of Scanning Fluorometry for Monitoring of a Fermentation Process
Tartakovsky, B., Sheintuch, M., Hilmer, J.-M., & Scheper, T. (1996) · Biotechnology Progress · doi:10.1021/bp950045h · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationIn-situ imaging sensors for bioprocess monitoring: state of the art
Bluma, A., Höpfner, T., Lindner, P., Rehbock, C., Beutel, S., Riechers, D., Hitzmann, B., & Scheper, T. H. (2010) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-010-4181-y · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationSensors in Disposable Bioreactors Status and Trends
Glindkamp, A., Riechers, D., Rehbock, C., Hitzmann, B., Scheper, T., & Reardon, K. F. (2009) · Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/10_2009_10 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationSchenk, J., Marison, I. W., & VONSTOCKAR, U. (2006) · Journal of Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2006.09.015 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Simutis, R., Havlik, I., & Lübbert, A. (1993) · Journal of Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/0168-1656(93)90109-z · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationKromkamp, J. C., Beardall, J., Sukenik, A., Kopecký, J., Masojídek, J., van Bergeijk, S. A., Gabai, S., Shaham, E., & Yamshon, A. (2009) · Aquatic Microbial Ecology · doi:10.3354/ame01318 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Simultaneous estimation of chlorophyll a and lipid contents in microalgae by three‐color analysis
Su, C., Fu, C., Chang, Y., Giridhar, R., Ye, J., Chu, I., & Wu, W. (2007) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.21623 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Grobbelaar, J. U. (2007) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-007-9172-9 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
The development of microalgal biotechnology in the Czech Republic
Masojídek, J., & Prášil, O. (2010) · Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s10295-010-0802-x · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Monitoring of microalgal cultivations with on-line, flow-through microscopy
Havlik, I., Reardon, K. F., Ünal, M., Lindner, P., Prediger, A., Babitzky, A., Beutel, S., & Scheper, T. (2013) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2013.04.001 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationČervený, J., Šetlík, I., Trtílek, M., & Nedbal, L. (2009) · Engineering in Life Sciences · doi:10.1002/elsc.200800123 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Online sensor for monitoring a microalgal bioreactor system using support vector regression
Nadadoor, V. R., De la Hoz Siegler, H., Shah, S. L., McCaffrey, W. C., & Ben-Zvi, A. (2012) · Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems · doi:10.1016/j.chemolab.2011.09.007 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
García Sánchez, J. L., Berenguel, M., Rodríguez, F., Fernández Sevilla, J. M., Brindley Alias, C., & Acién Fernández, F. G. (2003) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.10819 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
da Silva, T. L., Roseiro, J. C., & dos Reis, A. J. D. (2012) · Trends in biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2011.11.005 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
A two-stage solar photobioreactor for cultivation of microalgae based on solar concentrators
Masojídek, J., Sergejevová, M., Rottnerová, K., Jirka, V., Korečko, J., Kopecký, J., Zaťková, I., Torzillo, G., & Štys, D. (2008) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-008-9324-6 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Nutrient Solution Monitoring in Greenhouse Cultivation Employing a Potentiometric Electronic Tongue
Gutiérrez‐Capitán, M., Alegret, S., Cáceres, R., et al. (2008) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf073438s · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Riley, M. R., Crider, H. M., Nite, M. E., García, R. A., Woo, J., & Wegge, R. M. (2001) · Biotechnology Progress · doi:10.1021/bp0100068 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Su, W. (2003) · Journal of Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/s0168-1656(03)00188-3 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
A photobioreactor system for computer controlled cultivation of microalgae
Marxen, K., Vanselow, K., Lippemeier, S., Hintze, R., Ruser, A., & Hansen, U. (2005) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-005-9004-8 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Continuous ‐ discrete interval observers for monitoring microalgae cultures
Goffaux, G., Vande Wouwer, A., & Bernard, O. (2009) · Biotechnology Progress · doi:10.1002/btpr.167 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Laboratory-Induced Endolithic Growth in Calcarenites: Biodeteriorating Potential Assessment
Miller, A. Z., Candelera, M. A. R., Trobajo, L. L., et al. (2010) · Microbial Ecology · doi:10.1007/s00248-010-9666-x · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Applications in ecological engineering
Jørgensen, S. E. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Cordoba-Matson, M. V., Gutiérrez, J., & Porta-Gándara, M. Á. (2009) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-009-9475-0 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Nedbal, L., Červený, J., Keren, N., & Kaplan, A. (2010) · Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s10295-010-0876-5 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Using chlorophyll fluorescence to monitor yields of microalgal production
Obata, M., Toda, T., & Taguchi, S. (2008) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-008-9369-6 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Jung, S., & Lee, S. B. (2006) · Biotechnology Progress · doi:10.1021/bp0600886 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Scale‐Up of flat plate photobioreactors considering diffuse and direct light characteristics
Quinn, J. C., Turner, C. W., & Bradley, T. H. (2011) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.23324 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Podrazký, O., Kuncová, G., Krasowska, A., & Sigler, K. (2003) · Folia Microbiologica · doi:10.1007/bf02930954 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Davis, R. W., Volponi, J. V., Jones, H. D. T., Carvalho, B. J., Wu, H., & Singh, S. (2012) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.24517 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Brown, L. M., Gargantini, I. A., Brown, D. J., et al. (1989) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/bf00003647 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Lindner, P., Endres, C., Bluma, A., Höpfner, T., Glindkamp, A., Haake, C., Landgrebe, D., Riechers, D., Baumfalk, R., Hitzmann, B., et al. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470909997.ch6 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationUgwu, C. U., & Aoyagi, H. (2008) · Photosynthetica · doi:10.1007/s11099-008-0049-1 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Lívanský, K., Doucha, J., Hongjun, H., & Li, Y. (2006) · Archiv für Hydrobiologie · doi:10.1127/0003-9136/2006/0165-0365 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
In Situ Microscopy for Online Monitoring of Enzymatic Processes
Prediger, A., Bluma, A., Höpfner, T., et al. (2011) · Chemical Engineering & Technology · doi:10.1002/ceat.201000563 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Scheper, T., & Reardon, K. F. (1991) · Sensors · doi:10.1002/9783527620142.ch9 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationRehbock, C., Riechers, D., Höpfner, T., Bluma, A., Lindner, P., Hitzmann, B., Beutel, S., & Scheper, T. H. (2010) · Journal of Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.07.014 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sajjadi, B., Chen, W.-Y., Raman, A. A. A., & Ibrahim, S. (2018) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2018.07.050 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Industrial potential of carotenoid pigments from microalgae: Current trends and future prospects
Ambati, R. R., Gogisetty, D., Aswathanarayana, R. G., Ravi, S., Bikkina, P. N., Bo, L., & Yuepeng, S. (2019) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2018.1432561 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
Chauton, M. S., Reitan, K. I., Norsker, N. H., Tveterås, R., & Kleivdal, H. T. (2015) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.10.038 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Santos-Ballardo, D. U., Rossi, S., Hernández, V., Gómez, R. V., del Carmen Rendón-Unceta, M., Caro-Corrales, J., & Valdez-Ortiz, A. (2015) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.05.044 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Assessment of Environmental Stresses for Enhanced Microalgal Biofuel Production – An Overview
Cheng, D., & He, Q. (2014) · Frontiers in Energy Research · doi:10.3389/fenrg.2014.00026 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Musa, M., Ayoko, G. A., Ward, A., Rösch, C., Brown, R. J., & Rainey, T. J. (2019) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells8080851 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Solovchenko, A., Pogosyan, S., Chivkunova, O., Selyakh, I., Semenova, L., Voronova, E., Scherbakov, P., Konyukhov, I., Chekanov, K., Kirpichnikov, M., et al. (2014) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2014.01.002 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Recent application of spectroscopy for the detection of microalgae life information: A review
Liu, J.-Y., Zeng, L.-H., & Ren, Z.-H. (2020) · Applied Spectroscopy Reviews · doi:10.1080/05704928.2018.1509345 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Liu, J.-Y., Zeng, L.-H., Ren, Z.-H., Du, T.-M., & Liu, X. (2020) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2019.101739 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Vonshak, A., Laorawat, S., Bunnag, B., & Tanticharoen, M. (2014) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-013-0133-1 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Software sensors in the monitoring of microalgae cultivations
Porras Reyes, L., Havlik, I., & Beutel, S. (2024) · Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology · doi:10.1007/s11157-023-09679-8 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“Online monitoring of cell count and cell morphology that could be used for online estimation of cultivation productivity was carried out by using the in situ microscope (Havlik et al. 2013b; Marba-Arde-bol et al. 2019).”
Self-citationChlorophyll Fluorescence as a Valuable Multitool for Microalgal Biotechnology
Solovchenko, A., Lukyanov, A., Vasilieva, S., & Lobakova, E. (2022) · Biophysical Reviews · doi:10.1007/s12551-022-00951-9 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Seeing good and bad: Optical sensing of microalgal culture condition
Solovchenko, A. (2023) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2023.103071 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Dębowski, M., Kazimierowicz, J., & Zieliński, M. (2025) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app15137324 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Hotos, G. N., Avramidou, D., & Bekiari, V. (2020) · European Journal of Biology and Biotechnology · doi:10.24018/ejbio.2020.1.6.132 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
López Expósito, P., Blanco Suárez, A., & Negro Álvarez, C. (2017) · Journal of Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.12.020 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Sustainable Microalgal Biomass for Efficient and Scalable Green Energy Solutions: Fueling Tomorrow
Rathinavel, L., Singh, S., Rai, P. K., Chandra, N., Jothinathan, D., Gaffar, I., Pandey, A. K., Choure, K., Waoo, A. A., Joo, J. C., et al. (2024) · Fuels · doi:10.3390/fuels5040049 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Karakach, T. K., McGinn, P. J., Choi, J., MacQuarrie, S. P., & Tartakovsky, B. (2015) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-014-0494-0 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Sung, M.-G., Shin, W.-S., Kim, W., Kwon, J.-H., & Yang, J.-W. (2014) · Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering · doi:10.1007/s11814-014-0029-z · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Bellini, S., Bendoula, R., Le Floc’h, E., Carré, C., Mas, S., Vidussi, F., Fouilland, E., & Roger, J.-M. (2016) · Applied Spectroscopy · doi:10.1177/0003702816641270 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Gorbunova, S. Y., & Avsiyan, A. L. (2025) · Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing · doi:10.1007/s43393-025-00337-4 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Enhancing the sustainability of microalgae cultivation through biosensing technology
Ugya, A. Y., Chen, H., & Wang, Q. (2025) · Materials Today Sustainability · doi:10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101139 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Havlik, I., Lindner, P., Scheper, T., & Reardon, K. F.
- Affiliations
- Leibniz University Hannover (DE)
- Colorado State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Reardon, Kenneth F.
- Venue
- Trends in Biotechnology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-07
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 406-414
- ISSN
- 0167-7799 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2142618108
- Cited by
- 131
- References
- 100
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 0.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in biotechnology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Colorado State University
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
- Keywords
- online monitoring, microalgae cultivation, cyanobacteria cultivation, in situ sensors, process control, non-invasive monitoring, in situ microscopy, flow cytometry, infrared spectroscopy, soft sensors, bioprocess monitoring
- MeSH terms
- Cyanobacteria, Biotechnology, Environmental Monitoring, Bioreactors, Microalgae
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
