Awareness of subtle emotional feelings: a comparison of long-term meditators and nonmeditators
Abstract
The authors explored whether meditation training to enhance emotional awareness improves discrimination of subtle emotional feelings hypothesized to guide decision-making. Long-term meditators and nonmeditators were compared on measures of self-reported valence and arousal, skin conductance response (SCR), and facial electromyography (EMG) to masked and nonmasked emotional pictures, and on measures of heartbeat detection and self-reported emotional awareness. Groups responded similarly to nonmasked pictures. In the masked condition, only controls showed discrimination in valence self-reports. However, meditators reported greater emotional clarity than controls, and meditators with higher clarity had reduced arousal and improved valence discrimination in the masked condition. These findings provide qualified support for the somatic marker hypothesis and suggest that meditation may influence how emotionally ambiguous information is processed, regulated, and represented in conscious awareness.
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Most studies found no improvement in the heartbeat detection task.
“Most studies, however, found no improvement in the HBD task (Nielsen and Kaszniak, 2006; Khalsa et al., 2008; Melloni et al., 2013; Parkin et al., 2013, 2014; Bornemann et al., 2015).”
From Mindfulness, Interoception, and the Body: A Contemporary Perspective (2019) · cites this paper as Nielsen and Kaszniak, 2006
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- Authors
- Nielsen, L., & Kaszniak, A. W.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- Emotion
- Published
- 2006-08
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 392-405
- ISSN
- 1528-3542 (ISSN-L)
- 1931-1516
- OpenAlex
- W2157676123
- Cited by
- 202
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 4.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2007-11-26)
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Emotion (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Arizona
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Keywords
- emotional awareness, meditation, long-term meditators, emotional arousal, somatic marker hypothesis, emotional ambiguity, skin conductance response, facial electromyography, heartbeat detection, emotional clarity, decision-making
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Arousal, Attention, Awareness, Decision Making, Electromyography, Emotions, Facial Expression, Female, Galvanic Skin Response, Heart Rate, Humans, Individuality, Male, Middle Aged, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Personality Inventory, Psychophysiology, Signal Detection, Psychological, Meditation, Intuition
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