Age-related differences and change in positive and negative affect over 23 years.
Abstract
Positive and negative affect, measured by the Bradburn Affect Balance Scale, were studied in a longitudinal sample spanning from 1971 to 1994. The sample (N = 2,804) represented 4 generations of families. Linear trend analyses compared generations over time for positive and negative affect and also examined the possible influences of neuroticism and extraversion on initial levels of affect and patterns of change in affect. Negative affect decreased with age for all generations, although the rate was attenuated among the oldest adults. Higher neuroticism scores also attenuated the decrease in negative affect across time. For positive affect, the younger and middle-aged adults showed marked stability, but the older group evidenced a small decrease over time. Higher levels of extraversion were related to more stability in positive affect.
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Gradual changes in personality, affect, and emotion can be observed with age.
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Several studies have shown a negative relationship between age and psychological distress.
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Levels of positive emotions are relatively independent of age, with a slight decrease in older age.
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- Authors
- Charles, S. T., Reynolds, C. A., & Gatz, M.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 2001
- Volume
- 80
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 136-151
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2127613563
- Cited by
- 1,049
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 62 · 2014: 65 · 2013: 64 · 2012: 60
- FWCI
- 24.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r37ag007977-13)
- National Institute on Aging (R37 AG-07977)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Keywords
- positive affect, negative affect, age differences, longitudinal change, neuroticism, extraversion, generational differences, personality stability, aging
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, California, Extraversion, Psychological, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Neurotic Disorders, Quality of Life, Sex Factors, Intergenerational Relations
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