Dancing with the Stars: How Choreographed Bacterial Interactions Dictate Nososymbiocity and Give Rise to Keystone Pathogens, Accessory Pathogens, and Pathobionts
Open accessAbstract
Many diseases that originate on mucosal membranes ensue from the action of polymicrobial communities of indigenous organisms working in concert to disrupt homeostatic mechanisms. Multilevel physical and chemical communication systems among constituent organisms underlie polymicrobial synergy and dictate the community's pathogenic potential or nososymbiocity, that is, disease arising from living together with a susceptible host. Functional specialization of community participants, often originating from metabolic codependence, has given rise to several newly appreciated designations within the commensal-to-pathogen spectrum. Accessory pathogens, while inherently commensal in a particular microenvironment, nonetheless enhance the colonization or metabolic activity of pathogens. Keystone pathogens (bacterial drivers or alpha-bugs) exert their influence at low abundance by modulating both the composition and levels of community participants and by manipulating host responses. Pathobionts (or bacterial passengers) exploit disrupted host homeostasis to flourish and promote inflammatory disease. In this review we discuss how commensal or pathogenic properties of organisms are not intrinsic features, and have to be considered within the context of both the microbial community in which they reside and the host immune status.
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Biofilms become more pathologic as maturation progresses, with the proportion of pathogenic species increasing over time as the maturing biofilm selects for anaerobic species through metabolic and physical interactions.
“Biofilms become more pathologic as maturation progresses, with the proportion of pathogenic species increasing over time as the maturing biofilm selects for anaerobic species through metabolic and physical interactions.232, 240”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [240]
The development of pathologic subgingival biofilms is largely dependent on the organisms present in homeostatic biofilm communities.
“The development of pathologic subgingival biofilms is largely dependent on the organisms present in homeostatic biofilm communities.240”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [240]
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BackgroundSelf-citationKuboniwa, M., Tribble, G. D., James, C. E., Kılıç, A. O., Tao, L., Herzberg, M. C., Shizukuishi, S., & Lamont, R. J. (2006) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05099.x · Cited by 137 · cited 1× · see citing works
“gingivalis are more pathogenic in animal models compared to either species alone [25, 26].”
BackgroundSelf-citationInduction of Bone Loss by Pathobiont-Mediated Nod1 Signaling in the Oral Cavity
Jiao, Y., Darzi, Y., Tawaratsumida, K., Marchesan, J. T., Hasegawa, M., Moon, H. H., Chen, G., Núñez, G., Giannobile, W. V., Raes, J., et al. (2013) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2013.04.005 · Cited by 135 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In ligatureinduced periodontitis in mice, tissue damage is associated with the expansion of γproteobacteria species (perhaps due to increased availability of nutrients from inflammatory tissue breakdown), which proactively aggravate destructive periodontal inflammation by activating the cytosolic receptor Nod1 [67].”
BackgroundVogt, S. L., Peña-Díaz, J., & Finlay, B. B. (2015) · Anaerobe · doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2015.05.002 · Cited by 133 · cited 3× · see citing works
“As a community develops, changes to the microenvironment such as availability of oxygen or pH can provide physiological support for the outgrowth or over-representation of dysbiotic organisms [3, 16].”
BackgroundLuo, G., Niesel, D. W., Shaban, R. A., Grimm, E. A., & Klimpel, G. R. (1993) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.61.3.830-835.1993 · Cited by 119 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For instance, interleukin-1β (IL- 1β) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) can promote, respectively, the growth and virulence potential of certain pathogens that bind these cytokines through specific receptors [57, 58].”
BackgroundOrth, R., O’brien-simpson, N. M., Dashper, S. G., & Reynolds, E. C. (2011) · Molecular Oral Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.2041-1014.2011.00612.x · Cited by 97 · cited 1× · see citing works
“denticola in a dual species biofilm produces a significantly larger biomass compared to the total of the individual monospecies biofilms, and the organisms are synergistically pathogenic in murine models of periodontal disease [8, 10].”
BackgroundEffect of Periodontal Pathogens on the Metatranscriptome of a Healthy Multispecies Biofilm Model
Frias‐Lopez, J., & Duran-Pinedo, A. E. (2012) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.06328-11 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Twomey, K. B., O’Connell, O. J., McCarthy, Y., et al. (2011) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1038/ismej.2011.167 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Proteolytic degradation of human salivary MUC5B by dental biofilms
Wickström, C., Herzberg, M. C., Beighton, D., & Svensäter, G. (2009) · Microbiology · doi:10.1099/mic.0.030536-0 · Cited by 85 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For example, a four-species consortium of oral streptococci can digest the salivary mucin MUC5B, whereas the same species individually are unable to degrade this complex oligomeric glycoprotein [11].”
BackgroundMoutsopoulos, N. M., Chalmers, N. I., Barb, J. J., Abusleme, L., Greenwell‐Wild, T., Dutzan, N., Paster, B. J., Munson, P. J., Fine, D. H., Uzel, G., et al. (2015) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004698 · Cited by 81 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In leukocyte adhesion deficiency, the dysregulated host inflammatory response fosters a nutritionally favorable environment for bacterial growth and development of a compositionally unique microbiome of pathobionts, which can further exacerbate periodontal disease [69, 70].”
BackgroundLeRoux, M., Peterson, S. B., & Mougous, J. D. (2015) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2015.09.018 · Cited by 74 · cited 1× · see citing works
“symbiotic, as there are well-documented antagonistic interactions among various species, and consequently these organisms tend not to be found in close proximity in vivo [1, 16, 18].”
BackgroundMolecular Dissection of Bacterial Nanowires
Boesen, T. P., & Nielsen, L. P. (2013) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.00270-13 · Cited by 62 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Physical associations among organisms are facilitated and augmented by chemical signaling [12] and, as recently recognized, electrical communication through pilus-based nanowires [13].”
BackgroundOral bacteria modulate invasion and induction of apoptosis in HEp-2 cells by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pan, Y., Teng, D., Burke, A. C., Haase, E. M., & Scannapieco, F. A. (2008) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2008.10.012 · Cited by 61 · cited 2× · see citing works
“gingivalis enhances the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations [29, 30].”
BackgroundInsights into the virulence of oral biofilms: discoveries from proteomics
Kuboniwa, M., Tribble, G. D., Hendrickson, E. L., Amano, A., Lamont, R. J., & Hackett, M. (2012) · Expert Review of Proteomics · doi:10.1586/epr.12.16 · Cited by 59 · cited 1× · see citing works
“gordonii differentially regulate a significant proportion of their expressed proteomes, indicating extensive signaling between the organisms [5].”
BackgroundSelf-citationInterkingdom networking within the oral microbiome
Nobbs, A. H., & Jenkinson, H. F. (2015) · Microbes and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2015.03.008 · Cited by 57 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Als3p also binds to multiple staphylococcal adhesins, and this partnership can enhance staphylococcal invasion into host tissues and consequently a disseminated staphylococcal infection [7].”
BackgroundInfluentialWright, C. J., Xue, P., Hirano, T., Liu, C., Whitmore, S. E., Hackett, M., & Lamont, R. J. (2014) · MicrobiologyOpen · doi:10.1002/mbo3.177 · Cited by 53 · cited 1× · see citing works
“gingivalis a tyrosine (de)phosphorylationdependent signaling pathway is activated which induces a pattern of gene expression to prepare the organisms for a community environment [4].”
BackgroundSelf-citationLi, Q., Pan, C., Teng, D., Lin, L., Kou, Y., Haase, E. M., Scannapieco, F. A., & Pan, Y. (2013) · Microbes and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2013.10.006 · Cited by 47 · cited 2× · see citing works
“gingivalis enhances the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations [29, 30].”
BackgroundDuran-Pinedo, A. E., Baker, V. D., & Frias‐Lopez, J. (2014) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.01976-14 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
T reponema denticola improves adhesive capacities of P orphyromonas gingivalis
Meuric, V., Martin, B., Guyodo, H., Rouillon, A., Tamanai‐Shacoori, Z., Barloy-Hubler, F., & Bonnaure‐Mallet, M. (2012) · Molecular Oral Microbiology · doi:10.1111/omi.12004 · Cited by 40 · cited 1× · see citing works
“gingivalis adhesins and proteases [9].”
Weigel, W., Demuth, D. R., Torres-Escobar, A., & Juárez-Rodríguez, M. D. (2015) · Molecular Oral Microbiology · doi:10.1111/omi.12101 · Cited by 33 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Remarkably, some bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans can also sense and respond to host catecholamine hormones (such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, as well as adrenaline and noradrenaline) [14].”
Background
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Keystone taxa as drivers of microbiome structure and functioning
Banerjee, S., Schlaeppi, K., & van der Heijden, M. G. A. (2018) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41579-018-0024-1 · Cited by 3,044 · see citing works
The Oral Microbiota: Dynamic Communities and Host Interactions
Lamont, R. J., Koo, H., & Hajishengallis, G. (2018) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41579-018-0089-x · Cited by 2,217 · see citing works
The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease
Sedghi, L., DiMassa, V., Harrington, A., Lynch, S. V., & Kapila, Y. L. (2021) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/prd.12393 · Cited by 755 · see citing works
Ecology and Genomic Insights into Plant-Pathogenic and Plant-Nonpathogenic Endophytes
Brader, G., Compant, S., Vescio, K., Mitter, B., Trognitz, F., Ma, L., & Sessitsch, A. (2017) · Annual Review of Phytopathology · doi:10.1146/annurev-phyto-080516-035641 · Cited by 484 · see citing works
Microbial signatures of health, gingivitis and periodontitis
Abusleme, L., Hoare, A., Hong, B., & Diaz, P. I. (2021) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/prd.12362 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
Tissue-Specific Immunity at the Oral Mucosal Barrier
Moutsopoulos, N. M., & Konkel, J. E. (2017) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2017.08.005 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
“It is also appreciated that oral commensals alter their functionality in the context of inflammatory periodontitis [29] and contribute to the local inflammatory reaction [30] [31].”
BackgroundDutzan, N., Kajikawa, T., Abusleme, L., Greenwell-Wild, T., Zuazo, C. E., Ikeuchi, T., Brenchley, L., Abe, T., Hurabielle, C., Martin, D., et al. (2018) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aat0797 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Self-citationMicrobial evolution and transitions along the parasite–mutualist continuum
Drew, G., Stevens, E. J., & King, K. C. (2021) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41579-021-00550-7 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Hajishengallis, G., & Lamont, R. J. (2021) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/prd.12371 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Self-citationMicrobial Dysbiosis: Rethinking Disease in Marine Ecosystems
Egan, S., & Gardiner, M. (2016) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00991 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
“…suggest that a combination of environmental, immune, and host genetic immune factors, together with microbiome disturbance, play a role in the establishment and severity of these diseases (Legatzki et al., 2014; Butto et al., 2015; Donaldson et al., 2016; Hajishengallis and Lamont, 2016).”
BackgroundAbed, J., Maalouf, N., Manson, A. L., Earl, A. M., Parhi, L., Emgård, J., Klutstein, M., Tayeb, S., Almogy, G., Atlan, K., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.00400 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Regulation of host-microbe interactions at oral mucosal barriers by type 17 immunity
Gaffen, S., & Moutsopoulos, N. (2020) · Science immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.aau4594 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Wong, J., Manoil, D., Näsman, P., Belibasakis, G. N., & Neelakantan, P. (2021) · Frontiers in Oral Health · doi:10.3389/froh.2021.672887 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
“From an ecological standpoint, however, every taxon in a mixed consortium is important to detect regardless of its abundance, as any taxa may act as keystone species and potentiate the pathogenicity of the entire community [53, 87].”
BackgroundHajishengallis, G., & Korostoff, J. M. (2017) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/prd.12181 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
“This may be related to the very nature of periodontal disease, a polymicrobial community-induced dysbiotic malady (88), in which a potentially protective antimicrobial response could be offset by bystander tissue damage.”
BackgroundSelf-citationPurcell, R. V., Pearson, J., Aitchison, A., Dixon, L., Frizelle, F. A., & Keenan, J. I. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0171602 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Distinct gut microbiome patterns associate with consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer
Purcell, R. V., Visnovska, M., Biggs, P. J., Schmeier, S., & Frizelle, F. A. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-11237-6 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
“biofilms in extra-intestinal infections facilitates synergistic pathogenicity[51, 52], and the high enrichment of these bacteria in CMS1 suggests that similar community synergy may be occurring in the tumour microenvironment.”
BackgroundMechanism of alveolar bone destruction in periodontitis — Periodontal bacteria and inflammation
Usui, M., Onizuka, S., Sato, T., Kokabu, S., Ariyoshi, W., & Nakashima, K. (2021) · Japanese Dental Science Review · doi:10.1016/j.jdsr.2021.09.005 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Oral polymicrobial communities: Assembly, function, and impact on diseases
Hajishengallis, G., Lamont, R. J., & Koo, H. (2023) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2023.02.009 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Self-citationPossible role of Porphyromonas gingivalis in orodigestive cancers
Olsen, I., & Yilmaz, Ö. (2019) · Journal of Oral Microbiology · doi:10.1080/20002297.2018.1563410 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Role of SCFAs in gut microbiome and glycolysis for colorectal cancer therapy
Wang, G., Yu, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, J., Guan, R., Sun, Y., Shi, F., Gao, J., & Fu, X. (2019) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.28436 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
“Parenteral infections such biofilm formation in promoting the coordinated pathogenic (Hajishengallis & Lamont, 2016; Orth, O’Brien‐Simpson, Dashper, & Reynolds, 2011), these bacteria highly enriched in CMS1, which indicated that may also occur in the tumor microenvironment similar community synergy.”
BackgroundNew developments in neutrophil biology and periodontitis
Hajishengallis, G. (2019) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/prd.12313 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Self-citationPeriodontal disease, edentulism, and pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis
Maisonneuve, P., Amar, S., & Lowenfels, A. B. (2017) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdx019 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
“that the properties of the overall microbial community is the driver of health and disease [54, 55].”
BackgroundFusobacterium nucleatum and cancer
Alon‐Maimon, T., Mandelboim, O., & Bachrach, G. (2022) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/prd.12426 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Environmental Influences on the Human Microbiome and Implications for Noncommunicable Disease
Ahn, J., & Hayes, R. B. (2021) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-012420-105020 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
“In vitro and animal studies also point to possible mechanisms by which oral microbiota contribute to oral carcinogenesis, including inhibition of apoptosis, activation of cell proliferation, promotion of cellular invasion, induction of chronic inflammation (80, 84), and cooperation of bacteria and fungi in oral polymi…”
BackgroundPorphyromonas gingivalis disturbs host–commensal homeostasis by changing complement function
Olsen, I., Lambris, J. D., & Hajishengallis, G. (2017) · Journal of Oral Microbiology · doi:10.1080/20002297.2017.1340085 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
“Overall, the collective pathogenic potential of a microbial community, termed nososymbiocity, depends upon host susceptibility and the outcome of interbacterial interactions [9].”
BackgroundSelf-citationHost microbiota can facilitate pathogen infection
Stevens, E. J., Bates, K. A., & King, K. C. (2021) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1009514 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Aya, V., Flórez, A., Perez, L., & Ramírez, J. D. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0247039 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Zamani, S., Taslimi, R., Asiabar, A. S., Jasemi, S., Sechi, L. A., & Feizabadi, M. M. (2020) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2019.00449 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
“, ETBF) may operate as pathogenic bacteria that clarify the development of dysbiosis in microbial community of the gut and trigger CRC (Hajishengallis et al., 2012; Hajishengallis and Lamont, 2016).”
BackgroundRole of Porphyromonas gingivalis in oral and orodigestive squamous cell carcinoma
Lamont, R. J., Fitzsimonds, Z. R., Wang, H., & Gao, S. (2022) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/prd.12425 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Self-citationStreptococcus suis – The “Two Faces” of a Pathobiont in the Porcine Respiratory Tract
Vötsch, D., Willenborg, M., Weldearegay, Y. B., & Valentin‐Weigand, P. (2018) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.00480 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
“If pathogens play a dominant role in population changes of the microbiota and additionally manipulate the host response they are so-called keystone pathogens which can enhance the virulence of pathobionts leading to dysbiosis and inflammatory disease (Hajishengallis and Lamont, 2016).”
BackgroundPeriodontal disease and periodontal bacteria as triggers for rheumatoid arthritis
Cheng, Z., Meade, J. L., Mankia, K. S., Emery, P., & DeVine, D. (2017) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1016/j.berh.2017.08.001 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Suárez, L. J., Garzon, H. S., Arboleda, S., & Rodríguez, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.591255 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Multispecies biofilms in fermentation: Biofilm formation, microbial interactions, and communication
Yao, S., Hao, L., Zhou, R., Jin, Y., Huang, J., & Wu, C. (2022) · Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety · doi:10.1111/1541-4337.12991 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Uriarte, S. M., Edmisson, J. S., & Jimenez‐Flores, E. (2016) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.12451 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Manipulation of Neutrophils by Porphyromonas gingivalis in the Development of Periodontitis
Sochalska, M., & Potempa, J. (2017) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2017.00197 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
“…neutrophil phenotype is considered to play a central function in the periodontal disease (Chapple and Matthews, 2007; Scott and Krauss, 2012; Hajishengallis and Lamont, 2016) and, importantly, many systemic inflammatory diseases are associated with periodontitis, including cardiovascular…”
BackgroundManoil, D., Al‐Manei, K., & Belibasakis, G. N. (2020) · PROTEOMICS - CLINICAL APPLICATIONS · doi:10.1002/prca.201900060 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Oral streptococci: modulators of health and disease
Bloch, S., Hager‐Mair, F. F., Andrukhov, O., & Schäffer, C. (2024) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2024.1357631 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Intra‐oral single‐site comparisons of periodontal and peri‐implant microbiota in health and disease
Yu, X., Chan, Y., Zhuang, L., Lai, H., Lang, N. P., Leung, W. K., & Watt, R. M. (2019) · Clinical Oral Implants Research · doi:10.1111/clr.13459 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Entomopathogenic nematode-associated microbiota: from monoxenic paradigm to pathobiome
Ogier, J.-C., Pagès, S., Frayssinet, M., et al. (2020) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-020-00800-5 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Sztukowska, M. N., Dutton, L. C., Delaney, C., Ramsdale, M., Ramage, G., Jenkinson, H. F., Nobbs, A. H., & Lamont, R. J. (2018) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.00202-18 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
“Keystone pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, can raise community pathogenic potential (or nososymbiocity) (10, 11).”
BackgroundSelf-citationPeriodontitis, Microbiomes and their Role in Alzheimer’s Disease
Pritchard, A. B., Crean, S., Olsen, I., & Singhrao, S. K. (2017) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00336 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
“The dysbiotic microbial community model of periodontal disease explains how a wide range and changing phyla can participate in generating pathology under the influence of this keystone pathogen (Hajishengallis and Lamont, 2016).”
Glycan recognition at the saliva – oral microbiome interface
Cross, B. W., & Rühl, S. (2018) · Cellular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.08.008 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
“Dysbiosis in oral microbial biofilms can lead to the onset of dental caries and periodontal disease [4, 231].”
BackgroundWiles, T. J., Schlomann, B. H., Wall, E. S., Betancourt, R., Parthasarathy, R., & Guillemin, K. J. (2019) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000661 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
“Although these symbiotic consortia support vital aspects of host biology, they can also harbor proinflammatory pathogens and pathobionts, which are indigenous members of the microbiota that have latent pathogenic potential [1,2].”
BackgroundPorphyromonas gingivalis: Immune Subversion Activities and Role in Periodontal Dysbiosis
Hajishengallis, G., & Diaz, P. I. (2020) · Current Oral Health Reports · doi:10.1007/s40496-020-00249-3 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-citationCandida Interactions with the Oral Bacterial Microbiota
Montelongo‐Jauregui, D., & Lopez-Ribot, J. L. (2018) · Journal of Fungi · doi:10.3390/jof4040122 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Polymicrobial Interactions in the Urinary Tract: Is the Enemy of My Enemy My Friend?
Gaston, J. R., Johnson, A. O., Bair, K. L., White, A. N., & Armbruster, C. E. (2021) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.00652-20 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Low-Abundant Microorganisms: The Human Microbiome’s Dark Matter, a Scoping Review
de Cena, J. A., Zhang, J., Deng, D., Damé‐Teixeira, N., & Do, T. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.689197 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Biosynthesis of the Enterotoxic Pyrrolobenzodiazepine Natural Product Tilivalline
Dornisch, E., Pletz, J., Glabonjat, R. A., et al. (2017) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201707737 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Unterhauser, K., Pöltl, L., Schneditz, G., Kienesberger, S., Glabonjat, R. A., Kitsera, M., Pletz, J., Josa‐Prado, F., Dornisch, E., Lembacher‐Fadum, C., et al. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1819154116 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
The road less traveled – defining molecular commensalism with Streptococcus sanguinis
Kreth, J., Giacaman, R. A., Raghavan, R., & Merritt, J. L. (2016) · Molecular Oral Microbiology · doi:10.1111/omi.12170 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
“Hence, the etiology of caries and periodontitis (and other mucosal polymicrobial diseases) is largely a consequence of microbial ecology and poorly defined by Koch’s postulates (Hajishengallis & Lamont, 2016; Magalhaes et al., 2016; Stacy et al., 2016).”
The role of oral microbiome in periodontitis under diabetes mellitus
Qin, H., Li, G.-Y., Xu, X.-H., Zhang, C., Zhong, W., Xu, S., Yin, Y.-Y., & Song, J.-L. (2022) · Journal of Oral Microbiology · doi:10.1080/20002297.2022.2078031 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“The recent hypothesis for pathogenesis of periodontitis has been concluded into a Polymicrobial Synergy and Dysbiosis (PSD) model [50,51], which is consistent with the human microbiome studies, the mechanistic studies in animal models and the ‘ecological plaque’ hypothesis, which indicates that environmental factors d…”
ResultGaston, J. R., Andersen, M. J., Johnson, A. O., et al. (2020) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens9100835 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“In other infection settings, polymicrobial interactions have been demonstrated to either increase or attenuate persistence and systemic dissemination, depending on the combination of organisms being studied and the type of infection [27].”
BackgroundCho, H., Ren, Z. F., Divaris, K., Roach, J. M., Lin, B. M., Liu, C., Azcárate-Peril, M. A., Simancas‐Pallares, M., Shrestha, P., Orlenko, A., et al. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-38346-3 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Inflammatory disease caused by intestinal pathobionts
Zechner, E. L. (2017) · Current Opinion in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.mib.2017.01.011 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Ingendoh‐Tsakmakidis, A., Mikolai, C., Winkel, A., Szafrański, S. P., Falk, C. S., Rossi, A., Walles, H., & Stiesch, M. (2019) · Cellular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/cmi.13078 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
“…cense, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cmi 1 of 12 shift in species composition of oral biofilms incorporating more pathogenic bacteria (Graves, Correa, & Silva, 2019; G. Hajishengallis, 2014; G. Hajishengallis & Lamont, 2016).”
BackgroundParodontitis – Therapie einer Volkskrankheit
Dannewitz, B., Holtfreter, B., & Eickholz, P. (2021) · Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz · doi:10.1007/s00103-021-03373-2 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Ohshima, J., Wang, Q., Fitzsimonds, Z. R., Miller, D. P., Sztukowska, M. N., Jung, Y.-J., Hayashi, M., Whiteley, M., & Lamont, R. J. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1900101116 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
“Polymicrobial synergistic interactions among community inhabitants raise the community pathogenic potential, or nososymbiocity; and species such as Porphyromonas gingivalis that can effect the transition of a commensal community to a pathogenic entity, even at low abundance, are known as keystone pathogens (6).”
BackgroundSelf-citationGao, S., Liu, Y., Duan, X., Liu, K., Mohammed, M., Gu, Z., Ren, J., Yakoumatos, L., Yuan, X., Lü, L., et al. (2021) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41416-021-01419-5 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationJepsen, K., Falk, W., Brune, F., Fimmers, R., Jepsen, S. V., & Bekeredjian‐Ding, I. (2021) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/jcpe.13468 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
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Functional biology in its natural context: A search for emergent simplicity
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“gingivalis and increased the pathogenicity of the community [38].”
BackgroundMicrobial dysbiosis: The root cause of periodontal disease
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Complement inhibition in pre-clinical models of periodontitis and prospects for clinical application
Hajishengallis, G., Hajishengallis, E., Kajikawa, T., Wang, B., Yancopoulou, D., Ricklin, D., & Lambris, J. D. (2016) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2016.03.006 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“Moreover, the implicated resident dysbiotic communities (pathogenic dental plaque biofilm), while necessary, are not sufficient to precipitate periodontitis [9].”
Self-citationMetabolic Signaling and Spatial Interactions in the Oral Polymicrobial Community
Miller, D. P., Fitzsimonds, Z. R., & Lamont, R. J. (2019) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/0022034519866440 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“Metabolic interactions can drive the spatial and temporal arrangement of organisms in the oral polymicrobial community, and individual species tend to associate with partners that are physiologically compatible (Hajishengallis and Lamont 2016).”
BackgroundSelf-citationMicrobial community function in the bleaching disease of the marine macroalgae Delisea pulchra
Zozaya-Valdés, E., Roth-Schulze, A. J., Egan, S., & Thomas, T. (2017) · Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1111/1462-2920.13758 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Anti-inflammatory effect of microbial consortia during the utilization of dietary polysaccharides
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Microcosm biofilms cultured from different oral niches in periodontitis patients
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Oral microbiome in human health and diseases
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“Antimicrobial peptides, histidine ‐ rich polypeptides (HRPs), and defensins can inhibit various organisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses 50 .”
BackgroundPeriodontal Pathogens’ strategies disarm neutrophils to promote dysregulated inflammation
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“The microbial shift from a symbiotic microbiota to a dysbiotic polymicrobial community has been tracked and refined as culture-independent techniques that have advanced (Berezow & Darveau, 2011; Hajishengallis, 2014; Hajishengallis & Lamont, 2016; Lamont & Hajishengallis, 2015).”
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“While the organism is usually in mutualistic balance with the host, breakdown of homeostasis and the induction of dysbiotic host responses leads to chronic periodontal diseases, one of the most common infectious diseases of humans worldwide (Kassebaum et al., 2014; Hajishengallis and Lamont, 2016).”
BackgroundSelf-citationNeutrophils Orchestrate the Periodontal Pocket
Vitkov, L., Munoz, L. E., Schoen, J., Knopf, J., Schauer, C., Minnich, B., i, M. H., & Hannig, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.788766 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“Periodontitis is not a consequence of basic alteration of the oral microbiota, but rather of the inability of the host immunity to resolve chronic inflammation (26, 27).”
BackgroundMicrobial diagnostics in periodontal diseases
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Virulence as a Side Effect of Interspecies Interaction in Vibrio Coral Pathogens
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Filifactor alocis Promotes Neutrophil Degranulation and Chemotactic Activity
Armstrong, C. L., Miralda, I., Neff, A., Tian, S., Vashishta, A., Perez, L., Le, J., Lamont, R. J., & Uriarte, S. M. (2016) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.00496-16 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“pathogenicity is just beginning to emerge (8, 9).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe root canal microbiome diversity and function. A whole‐metagenome shotgun analysis
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Ageing and Inflammation: What Happens in Periodontium?
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“Numerous studies have shown that the direct application of LPS to periodontal tissues induces alveolar bone resorption by osteoclasts, resembling the bone loss observed in periodontitis [67,68].”
BackgroundHow to become a killer, or is it all accidental? Virulence strategies in oral streptococci
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Self-citationSystemic Lupus Erythematosus and Periodontal Disease: A Complex Clinical and Biological Interplay
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“It has been reported that systemic inflammatory disorders such as diabetes, RA and inflammatory Bowel disease, might contribute to the destruction of periodontal tissue by disrupting the balance between host and oral microbiota [19,49].”
BackgroundFahim, M. M., Saber, S. M., Elkhatib, W. F., Nagy, M. M., & Schäfer, E. (2021) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-021-04196-w · Cited by 44 · see citing works
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“these species might be keystone species (25, 26) and/or inflammophilic pathobionts (27, 28).”
BackgroundIlluminating the oral microbiome and its host interactions: animal models of disease
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Invited Review: Ruminal microbes, microbial products, and systemic inflammation
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“The entirety of the symbiotic and dysbiotic subgingival microbiota, rather than a single bacterium, affects the progression of periodontitis (9).”
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Filifactor alocis modulates human neutrophil antimicrobial functional responses
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“The aetiology of periodontal disease can be viewed as a shift from an indigenous symbiotic oral community into a more diverse, dysbiotic one, which can modulate the immune system to sustain chronic inflammation and disease progression (Hajishengallis & Lamont, 2016).”
BackgroundSelf-citationMaturation of the Mfa1 Fimbriae in the Oral Pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis
Lee, J. Y., Miller, D. P., Wu, L., Casella, C. R., Hasegawa, Y., & Lamont, R. J. (2018) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2018.00137 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Periodontitis is a microbial community disease, and P. gingivalis is considered a keystone pathogen in that it can exert a disproportional influence on nososymbiocity, the pathogenic potential of the polymicrobial community (Hajishengallis et al., 2012; Hajishengallis and Lamont, 2016).”
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“Therefore, the entire dysbiotic subgingival microbiota, rather than a single bacterium, influences the progression of periodontitis [2-4].”
BackgroundSatała, D., Gonzalez‐Gonzalez, M., Smolarz, M., Surowiec, M., Kulig, K., Wronowska, E., Zawrotniak, M., Kozik, A., Rąpała‐Kozik, M., & Karkowska‐Kuleta, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.765942 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“gingivalis plays the function of the keystone pathogen which, even at a low level of host colonization, canorchestrate the inflammationbyremodelingofmicrobiota from benign into a dysbiotic one (Hajishengallis and Lamont, 2016).”
BackgroundThe multifaceted virulence of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli
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Insights into Dynamic Polymicrobial Synergy Revealed by Time-Coursed RNA-Seq
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“Organisms within polymicrobial communities often exhibit synergistic interactions and such polymicrobial synergy helps define the pathogenic potential, or nososymbiocity, of the entire community (Hajishengallis and Lamont, 2016; Stacy et al., 2016).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSocial networking at the microbiome-host interface
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Self-citationMechanisms by which Porphyromonas gingivalis evades innate immunity
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- Authors
- Hajishengallis, G., & Lamont, R. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- University of Louisville (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hajishengallis, George
- Lamont, Richard J.
- Venue
- Trends in Microbiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-06
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 477-489
- ISSN
- 0966-842X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4874887
- OpenAlex
- W2293032852
- Semantic Scholar
- ca5a2ee978d1a80bff5a76163e58ec6cf5d9db81
- Cited by
- 275
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 12
- FWCI
- 3.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Trends in Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (P01AI068730)
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R01DE015254, R01DE024716, R01DE017921, R37DE011111, R01DE023193, R01DE016690, R01DE021685, R01DE017138, R01DE012505, R01DE011111)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Keywords
- pathobionts, polymicrobial communities, mucosal immunity, microbial communication, host homeostasis, host immune status, bacterial interactions, inflammatory diseases
- MeSH terms
- Bacteria, Bacterial Infections, Homeostasis, Humans, Immunity, Inflammation, Mucous Membrane, Symbiosis, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Microbial Interactions, Microbial Consortia, Dysbiosis
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