Cited by 434Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsMultiple Sclerosis Research StudiesNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research

Microglial phenotype: is the commitment reversible?

Schwartz, Michal, Butovsky, Oleg, Brück, Wolfgang, Hanisch, Uwe-Karsten·2006·Trends in Neurosciences

Abstract

Microglia, the standby cells for immune defense in the CNS, have a reputation for exacerbating the neural damage that occurs in neurodegenerative diseases. However, research over the past few years has established that microglia do not constitute a single, uniform cell population, but rather comprise a family of cells with diverse phenotypes--some that are beneficial and others that the CNS can barely tolerate and that are therefore destructive. This finding raised several questions. What instructs microglia to acquire a particular phenotype, and how do these phenotypes differ? How committed are microglia to a specific phenotype? Can destructive microglia become protective, and can protective microglia retain their beneficial phenotype even when they encounter a destructive environment? Here, we address these questions, and the background of research that elicited them.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.tins.2005.12.005

Cites

78 of 78 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Schwartz, M., Butovsky, O., Brück, W., & Hanisch, U.-K.
Affiliations
  • Weizmann Institute of Science (IL)
  • University of Göttingen (DE)
Corresponding author
Schwartz, Michal
Venue
Trends in Neurosciences
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2006-02
Volume
29
Issue
2
Pages
68-74
ISSN
0166-2236 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2082351110
Cited by
434
References
78
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 41
FWCI
4.55
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Trends in Neurosciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • GRO (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Keywords
microglia, microglial phenotype, neuroinflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, microglial heterogeneity, microglial polarization, neuroprotection, phenotypic plasticity
MeSH terms
Animals, Humans, Inflammation, Phenotype, Microglia

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review