Proposed nomenclature of apoE isoproteins, apoE genotypes, and phenotypes
Open accessAbstract
Children's Hospital Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 021 15,' Institut fur Humangenetik und Genetische Poliklinik der Philipps-Universitat Marburg, Bahnhofstrasse 7A, West Germany,' Gladstone Foundation Laboratories, San Francisco, CA 94 140; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 941 43; Health Science Center, University of Texas, Dallas, T X 74235,5 Lipid Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, M O 63110; Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98104; and Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032*
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The two APOE SNPs combine into six common APOE genotypes, ε22, ε32, ε42, ε33, ε43, and ε44, corresponding to six plasma apoE phenotypes.
“The two genotypes combine into six common APOE genotypes, ε22, ε32, ε42, ε33, ε43 and ε44, corresponding to six plasma apoE phenotypes: apoE22, apoE32, apoE42, apoE33, apoE43 and apoE44 [14].”
From Plasma levels of apolipoprotein E, APOE genotype and risk of dementia and ischemic heart disease: A review (2016) · cites this paper as [14]
There are three common APOE alleles in the general population: APOE ɛ2, APOE ɛ3, and APOE ɛ4.
“There are three common APOE alleles in the general population defined as: APOE ɛ2, APOE ɛ3, and APOE ɛ4 [2].”
From Discovery of a Missense Mutation (Q222K) of the <i>APOE</i> Gene from the Australian Imaging, Biomarker and Lifestyle Study (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
ApoE is one of the key apolipoproteins in blood lipid transport.
“Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is one of the key apolipoproteins in blood lipid transport.”
From Impact of Apolipoprotein E Variants: A Review of Naturally Occurring Variants and Clinical Features (2025) · cites this paper as [1]
ApoE has high hydrophobicity.
“It has the following features: high hydrophobicity, the ability to bind to the low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) receptor and related receptors, production in various tissues throughout the body, acting as a central apoprotein of cerebrospinal fluid lipoproteins, having three major isoforms (apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4) that vary in their function and susceptibility to genetic mutations1).”
From Impact of Apolipoprotein E Variants: A Review of Naturally Occurring Variants and Clinical Features (2025) · cites this paper as [1]
ApoE can bind to the LDL receptor and related receptors.
“It has the following features: high hydrophobicity, the ability to bind to the low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) receptor and related receptors, production in various tissues throughout the body, acting as a central apoprotein of cerebrospinal fluid lipoproteins, having three major isoforms (apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4) that vary in their function and susceptibility to genetic mutations1).”
From Impact of Apolipoprotein E Variants: A Review of Naturally Occurring Variants and Clinical Features (2025) · cites this paper as [1]
ApoE is produced in various tissues throughout the body.
“It has the following features: high hydrophobicity, the ability to bind to the low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) receptor and related receptors, production in various tissues throughout the body, acting as a central apoprotein of cerebrospinal fluid lipoproteins, having three major isoforms (apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4) that vary in their function and susceptibility to genetic mutations1).”
From Impact of Apolipoprotein E Variants: A Review of Naturally Occurring Variants and Clinical Features (2025) · cites this paper as [1]
ApoE acts as a central apoprotein of cerebrospinal fluid lipoproteins.
“It has the following features: high hydrophobicity, the ability to bind to the low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) receptor and related receptors, production in various tissues throughout the body, acting as a central apoprotein of cerebrospinal fluid lipoproteins, having three major isoforms (apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4) that vary in their function and susceptibility to genetic mutations1).”
From Impact of Apolipoprotein E Variants: A Review of Naturally Occurring Variants and Clinical Features (2025) · cites this paper as [1]
ApoE has three major isoforms (apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4) that vary in their function and susceptibility to genetic mutations.
“It has the following features: high hydrophobicity, the ability to bind to the low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) receptor and related receptors, production in various tissues throughout the body, acting as a central apoprotein of cerebrospinal fluid lipoproteins, having three major isoforms (apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4) that vary in their function and susceptibility to genetic mutations1).”
From Impact of Apolipoprotein E Variants: A Review of Naturally Occurring Variants and Clinical Features (2025) · cites this paper as [1]
Cites
Weisgraber, K. H., Rall, S. C., & Mahley, R. W. (1981) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)52510-8 · Cited by 777 · see citing works
Self-citationPolymorphism of apolipoprotein E and occurrence of dysbetalipoproteinaemia in man
UTERMANN, G., HEES, M., & STEINMETZ, A. (1977) · Nature · doi:10.1038/269604a0 · Cited by 666 · see citing works
Self-citationZannis, V. I., & Breslow, J. L. (1981) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00507a059 · Cited by 563 · see citing works
Self-citationWindler, E. E. T., Kovanen, P. T., Chao, Y. S., Brown, M. S., Havel, R. J., & Goldstein, J. L. (1980) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)70487-6 · Cited by 456 · see citing works
Self-citationInnerarity, T. L., & Mahley, R. W. (1978) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00601a013 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Self-citationSherrill, B. C., Innerarity, T. L., & Mahley, R. W. (1980) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)85951-3 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Self-citationDeterminants of hepatic uptake of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants in the rat.
Windler, E. E. T., Chao, Y. S., & Havel, R. J. (1980) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)70811-4 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Self-citationWindler, E., Chao, Y., & Havel, R. J. (1980) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)70647-4 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of apoproteins on hepatic uptake of triglyceride emulsions in the rat.
Shelburne, F. A., Hanks, J., Meyers, W., & Quarfordt, S. H. (1980) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci109710 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
(1981) · PubMed · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Self-citationUtermann, G., Jaeschke, M., & Menzel, J. (1975) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(75)81125-2 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Self-citationHepatic catabolism of rat and human lipoproteins in rats treated with 17 alpha-ethinyl estradiol.
Chao, Y. S., Windler, E. E. T., Chen, G. C., & Havel, R. J. (1979) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)86494-3 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Self-citationSchneider, W. J., Kovanen, P. T., Brown, M. S., Goldstein, J. L., Utermann, G., Weber, W., Havel, R. J., Kotite, L., Kane, J. P., Innerarity, T. L., et al. (1981) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci110330 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Self-citationGenetics of the apolipoprotein E system in man.
Utermann, G., Langenbeck, U., Beisiegel†, U., & Weber, W. T. (1980) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Self-citationGel isoelectric focusing method for specific diagnosis of familial hyperlipoproteinemia type 3.
Warnick, G. R., Mayfield, C., Albers, J. J., & Hazzard, W. R. (1979) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/25.2.279 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Self-citationCharacterization of the major apolipoproteins secreted by two human hepatoma cell lines
Zannis, V. I., Breslow, J. L., Sangiacomo, T. R., Aden, D. P., & Knowles, B. B. (1981) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00528a006 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Self-citationPagnan, A., Havel, R. J., Kane, J. P., & Kotite, L. (1977) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)41603-7 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Self-citationPitas, R. E., Innerarity, T. L., Arnold, K. S., & Mahley, R. W. (1979) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.76.5.2311 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Self-citationHavel, R. J., Chao, Y. S., Windler, E. E. T., Kotite, L., & Guo, L. (1980) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.77.7.4349 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Self-citationType III Hyperlipoproteinemia: Defective Metabolism of an Abnormal Apolipoprotein E
Gregg, R. E., Zech, L. A., Schaefer, E. J., & Brewer, H. B. (1981) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7455696 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Zannis, V. I., Kurnit, D. M., & Breslow, J. L. (1982) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)68397-3 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Self-citationInteraction of swine lipoproteins with the low density lipoprotein receptor in human fibroblasts
Bersot, T. P., Mahley, R. W., Brown, M. S., & Goldstein, J. L. (1976) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)33600-1 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Self-citationUtermann, G., Steinmetz, A., & Weber, W. (1982) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/bf00569216 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Self-citationFamilial Dysbetalipoproteinemia: New Aspects of Pathogenesis and Diagnosis
Havel, R. J. (1982) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0025-7125(16)31429-8 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Self-citationZannis, V. I., & Breslow, J. L. (1980) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)85939-2 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Self-citationThe uptake of high density lipoprotein cholesteryl ester in the perfused rat liver.
Quarfordt, S. H., Hanks, J., Jones, R., & Shelburne, F. A. (1980) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)85830-1 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Weidman, S. W., Suarez, B., Jm, F., Jl, W., Kolar, J., Raben, M. S., & Schonfeld, G. (1979) · PubMed · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationThe carbohydrate content of apoliprotein E from human very low density lipoproteins
Jain, R. S., & Quarfordt, S. H. (1979) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(79)90397-7 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Studies on the metabolic defect in Broad‐ß disease (hyperlipoproteinaemia type III)
Utermann, G., Canzler, H., Hees, M. T. I. W. S.-V., Jaeschke, M., Mühlfellner, G., Schoenborn, W., & Vogelberg, K. H. (1977) · Clinical Genetics · doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.1977.tb00917.x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationFlorén, C., Kushwaha, R. S., Hazzard, W. R., & Albers, J. J. (1981) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(81)90117-7 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationMahley, R. W., & Innerarity, T. L. (1978) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-0967-3_6 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Apolipoprotein E: Cholesterol Transport Protein with Expanding Role in Cell Biology
Mahley, R. W. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3283935 · Cited by 4,028 · see citing works
Self-citationPlump, A. S., Smith, J. D., Hayek, T., Aalto-Setälä, K., Walsh, A., Verstuyft, J. G., Rubin, E. M., & Breslow, J. L. (1992) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90362-g · Cited by 2,263 · see citing works
Self-citationApolipoprotein E: Far More Than a Lipid Transport Protein
Mahley, R. W., & Rall, S. C. (2000) · Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev.genom.1.1.507 · Cited by 1,836 · see citing works
Self-citationGenetic associations with human longevity at the APOE and ACE loci
Schächter, F., Faure-Delanef, L., Guénot, F., Rouger, H., Froguel, P., Lesueur-Ginot, L., & Cohen, D. (1994) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0194-29 · Cited by 1,095 · see citing works
Plasma lipoproteins: apolipoprotein structure and function.
Mahley, R. W., Innerarity, T. L., Rall, S. C., & Weisgraber, K. H. (1984) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)34443-6 · Cited by 1,155 · see citing works
Self-citationApolipoprotein E in Alzheimer’s disease and other neurological disorders
Verghese, P. B., Castellano, J. M., & Holtzman, D. M. (2011) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(10)70325-2 · Cited by 857 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E: from cardiovascular disease to neurodegenerative disorders
Mahley, R. W. (2016) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00109-016-1427-y · Cited by 837 · see citing works
Self-citationApolipoprotein E: Structure-Function Relationships
Weisgraber, K. H. (1994) · Advances in Protein Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0065-3233(08)60642-7 · Cited by 830 · see citing works
Self-citationPitas, R. E., Boyles, J. K., Lee, S. H., Hui, D., & Weisgraber, K. H. (1987) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)47945-8 · Cited by 714 · see citing works
Self-citation(1985) · PubMed · Cited by 706 · see citing works
Astrocytes synthesize apolipoprotein E and metabolize apolipoprotein E-containing lipoproteins
Pitas, R. E., Boyles, J. K., Lee, S. H., Foss, D., & Mahley, R. W. (1987) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0005-2760(87)90295-5 · Cited by 693 · see citing works
Self-citationCharidimou, A., Gang, Q., & Werring, D. J. (2012) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2011-301308 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
Amyloid cascade hypothesis: Pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies in Alzheimer's disease
Barage, S. H., & Sonawane, K. D. (2015) · Neuropeptides · doi:10.1016/j.npep.2015.06.008 · Cited by 579 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E: structure determines function, from atherosclerosis to Alzheimer's disease to AIDS
Mahley, R. W., Weisgraber, K. H., & Huang, Y. (2009) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.r800069-jlr200 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Self-citationA Quarter Century of APOE and Alzheimer’s Disease: Progress to Date and the Path Forward
Belloy, M. E., Napolioni, V., & Greicius, M. D. (2019) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.01.056 · Cited by 570 · see citing works
Expression of apolipoprotein E during nerve degeneration and regeneration.
Ignatius, M. J., Gebicke‐Haerter, P. J., Skene, J. H. P., Schilling, J., Weisgraber, K. H., Mahley, R. W., & Shooter, E. M. (1986) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.83.4.1125 · Cited by 568 · see citing works
Self-citationHallman, D. M., Boerwinkle, E., Saha, N., Sandholzer, C., Menzel, H., Csazar, A., & Utermann, G. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 511 · see citing works
Self-citationHepatic uptake of chylomicron remnants
Cooper, A. D. (1997) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)34932-4 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Mahley, R. W., Huang, Y., & Rall, S. C. (1999) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)32417-2 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Self-citationDietary fat clearance in normal subjects is regulated by genetic variation in apolipoprotein E.
Weintraub, M. S., Eisenberg, S., & Breslow, J. L. (1987) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci113243 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Self-citationMartins, I. J., Hone, E., Foster, J. K., Sünram-Lea, S. I., Gnjec, A., Fuller, S. J., Nolan, D., Gandy, S. E., & Martins, R. N. (2006) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001854 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Hua, X., Leow, A., Parikshak, N., Lee, S., Chiang, M.-C., Toga, A. W., Jack, C. R., Weiner, M. W., & Thompson, P. M. (2008) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.07.013 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Isolation, characterization, and mapping to chromosome 19 of the human apolipoprotein E gene.
Das, H. K., McPherson, J. D., Bruns, G. A. P., Karathanasis, S. K., & Breslow, J. L. (1985) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)88963-3 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Self-citationApolipoprotein E: an important gene and protein to follow in laboratory medicine
Siest, G., Pillot, T., Régis-Bailly, A., Leininger-Muller, B., Steinmetz, J., Galteau, M. M., & Visvikis, S. (1995) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/41.8.1068 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Gerdes, L. U., Klausen, I. C., Sihm, I., Færgeman, O., & Vogler, G. P. (1992) · Genetic Epidemiology · doi:10.1002/gepi.1370090302 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E, Especially Apolipoprotein E4, Increases the Oligomerization of Amyloid β Peptide
Hashimoto, T., Serrano-Pozo, A., Hori, Y., Adams, K. W., Takeda, S., Banerji, A. O., Mitani, A., Joyner, D., Thyssen, D. H., Bacskai, B. J., et al. (2012) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1542-12.2012 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Human apolipoprotein E. Determination of the heparin binding sites of apolipoprotein E3.
Weisgraber, K. H., Rall, S. C., Mahley, R. W., Milne, R. W., Marcel, Y. L., & Sparrow, J. T. (1986) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)35898-2 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Self-citationOrdovas, J. M., Litwack-Klein, L., Wilson, P. W., Schaefer, M. M., & Schaefer, E. J. (1987) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)38690-9 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E synthesis in human kidney, adrenal gland, and liver
Blue, M. L., Williams, D. L., Zucker, S., Khan, S. A., & Blum, C. B. (1983) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.80.1.283 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Self-citationLaws, S. M., Hone, E., Gandy, S., & Martins, R. N. (2003) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01615.x · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Luc, G., Bard, J., Arveiler, D., Evans, A., Cambou, J., Bingham, A., Amouyel, P., Schaffer, P., Ruidavets, J., & Cambien, F. (1994) · Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis A Journal of Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.14.9.1412 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Lalazar, A., Weisgraber, K. H., Rall, S. C., Giladi, H., Innerarity, T. L., Levanon, A. Z., Boyles, J. K., Amit, B., Gorecki, M., & Mahley, R. W. (1988) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)68957-4 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Self-citationGenetics of Alzheimer’s Disease
Chouraki, V. A., & Seshadri, S. S. (2014) · Advances in genetics · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800149-3.00005-6 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Sethi, S. M., Gamez, J. D., Vrana, J. A., Theis, J. D., Bergen, H. R., Zipfel, P. F., Doǧan, A., & Smith, R. J. (2009) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/ki.2008.657 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Oxidative Insults Are Associated with Apolipoprotein E Genotype in Alzheimer's Disease Brain
Ramassamy, C., Averill‐Bates, D. A., Beffert, U., Théroux, L., Lussier‐Cacan, S., Cohn, J. S., Christen, Y., Schoofs, A. R., Davignon, J., & Poirier, J. (2000) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1006/nbdi.1999.0273 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Human APOE4 increases microglia reactivity at Aβ plaques in a mouse model of Aβ deposition
Rodriguez, G. A., Tai, L. M., LaDu, M. J., & Rebeck, G. W. (2014) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-11-111 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Reduced Hippocampal Volume in Healthy Young ApoE4 Carriers: An MRI Study
O’Dwyer, L., Lamberton, F., Matura, S., Tanner, C. J., Scheibe, M., Miller, J., Rujescu, D., Prvulovic, D., & Hampel, H. J. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048895 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
ApoE Lipidation as a therapeutic target in Alzheimer’s disease
Lanfranco, M. F., Ng, C. A., & Rebeck, G. W. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21176336 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Synthesis, intracellular processing, and signal peptide of human apolipoprotein E.
Zannis, V. I., McPherson, J. D., Goldberger, G., Karathanasis, S. K., & Breslow, J. L. (1984) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)91039-2 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Self-citationPrince, J. A., Feuk, L., Howell, W. M., Jobs, M., Emahazion, T., Blennow, K., & Brookes, A. J. (2001) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.150201 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Polarized secretion of newly synthesized lipoproteins by the Caco-2 human intestinal cell line
Traber, M. G., Kayden, H. J., & Rindler, M. J. (1987) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)38598-9 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Studies of familial type III hyperlipoproteinemia using as a genetic marker the apoE phenotype E2/2
Breslow, J. L., Zannis, V. I., SanGiacomo, T. R., Third, J. L., Tracy, T., & Glueck, C. J. (1982) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)38060-3 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Self-citationRole of apolipoprotein E in neurodegenerative diseases
Giau, V. V., Bagyinszky, E., An, S. S. A., & Kim, S. (2015) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s84266 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Buckley, M. M.-T., Goa, K. L., Price, A. H., & Brogden, R. N. (1989) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-198937060-00002 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer's disease
Troutwine, B., Hamid, L., Lysaker, C. R., Strope, T. A., & Wilkins, H. (2021) · Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B · doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2021.10.002 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
The role of apolipoprotein E genetic variants in lipoprotein disorders.
RALL, S. C., & MAHLEY, R. W. (1992) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1992.tb01254.x · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Self-citation[13] Isolation and characterization of apolipoprotein E
Rall, S. C., Weisgraber, K. H., & Mahley, R. W. (1986) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/0076-6879(86)28073-8 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Self-citationApolipoprotein E and the Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mouse
Plump, A. S., & Breslow, J. L. (1995) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev.nu.15.070195.002431 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Self-citationDemant, T., Bedford, D., Packard, C. J., & Shepherd, J. (1991) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci115459 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Nathan, B. P., Jiang, Y., Wong, G. K., Shen, F., Brewer, G. J., & Struble, R. G. (2002) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(01)03367-4 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Genetic heterogeneity of apolipoprotein E and its influence on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels
de Knijff, P., van den Maagdenberg, A. M. J. M., Frants, R. R., & Havekes, L. M. (1994) · Human Mutation · doi:10.1002/humu.1380040303 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Rodriguez, G. A., Burns, M. P., Weeber, E. J., & Rebeck, G. W. (2013) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.030031.112 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
The Genetics of the Human APOE Polymorphism
Seripa, D., D’Onofrio, G., Panza, F., Cascavilla, L., Masullo, C., & Pilotto, A. (2011) · Rejuvenation Research · doi:10.1089/rej.2011.1169 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Rasmussen, K. L. (2016) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.10.037 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Kinetics of chylomicron remnant clearance in normal and in hyperlipoproteinemic subjects.
Cortner, J. A., Coates, P. M., Le, N., Cryer, D. R., Ragni, M. C., Faulkner, A., & Langer, T. (1987) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)38721-6 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-association of human apolipoprotein E3 and E4 in the presence and absence of phospholipid
Perugini, M. A., Schuck, P., & Howlett, G. J. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m005565200 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Kameda, K., MATSUZAWA, Y., KUBO, M., Ishikawa, K., Maejima, I., Yamamura, T., Yamamoto, A. C., & Tarui, S. (1984) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(84)90171-0 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Eto, M., Watanabe, K., & Ishii, K. (1986) · Clinical Genetics · doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.1986.tb00547.x · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Weisgraber, K. H., Rall, S. C., Innerarity, T. L., Mahley, R. W., Kuusi, T., & Ehnholm, C. (1984) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci111287 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citationAlaupovic, P. (1996) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(96)63004-3 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E genotype and hepatitis C, HIV and herpes simplex disease risk: a literature review
Kuhlmann, I., Minihane, A. M., Huebbe, P., Nebel, A., & Rimbach, G. H. (2010) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/1476-511x-9-8 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
DeSimone, C. V., Graff‐Radford, J., El‐Harasis, M. A., Rabinstein, A. A., Asirvatham, S. J., & Holmes, D. R. (2017) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.07.724 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E Isoform Phenotype and LDL Subclass Response to a Reduced-Fat Diet
Dreon, D. M., Fernstrom, H. A., Miller, B., & Krauss, R. M. (1995) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.15.1.105 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Hornick, C. A., Hamilton, R. L., Spaziani, E., Enders, G. H., & Havel, R. J. (1985) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.100.5.1558 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citationLipid metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease
Liu, Q., & Zhang, J. (2014) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-013-1410-3 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Identification and DNA sequence of a human apolipoprotein E cDNA clone.
Breslow, J. L., McPherson, J. D., NUSSBAUM, A. L., Williams, H. W., Lofquist-Kahl, F., Karathanasis, S. K., & Zannis, V. I. (1982) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)33328-3 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citationNo ɛ4 gene dose effect on hippocampal atrophy in a large MRI database of healthy elderly subjects
Lemaître, H., Crivello, F., Dufouil, C., Grassiot, B., Tzourio, C., Alpérovitch, A., & Mazoyer, B. M. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.10.016 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Havekes, L., de Wit, E., Leuven, J. G., Klasen, E., Utermann, W., Weber, W., & Beisiegel, U. (1986) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/bf00291607 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Alaupovic, P. (1991) · Progress in Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/0163-7827(91)90008-s · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Yamamura, T., Yamamoto, A., Sumiyoshi, T., Hiramori, K., Nishioeda, Y., & Nambu, S. (1984) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci111532 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Eto, M., Saito, M., Okada, M., Kume, Y., Kawasaki, F., Matsuda, M., Yoneda, M., Matsuki, M., Takigami, S., & Kaku, K. (2002) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/ajkd.2002.34502 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Genetic basis of lipoprotein disorders.
Breslow, J. L. (1989) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci114176 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationGenetic variation in human apolipoprotein E
Wardell, M. R., Suckling, P. A., & Janus, E. D. (1982) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)38055-x · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Lipoproteins in the Central Nervous System: From Biology to Pathobiology
Raulin, A.-C., Martens, Y. A., & Bu, G. (2022) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-032620-104801 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Hussain, M. M., Zannis, V. I., & Plaitakis, A. (1989) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)47124-x · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationAtypical familial dysbetalipoproteinemia associated with apolipoprotein phenotype E3/3.
Havel, R. J., Kotite, L., Kane, J. P., Tun, P., & Bersot, T. (1983) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci110978 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationVogel, T., Weisgraber, K. H., Zeevi, M. I., Ben-Artzi, H., Levanon, A. Z., Rall, S. C., Innerarity, T. L., Hui, D. Y., Taylor, J. M., & Kanner, D. (1985) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.82.24.8696 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationHashimoto, Y., Jiang, H., Niikura, T., Ito, Y., Hagiwara, A., Umezawa, K., Abe, Y., Murayama, Y., & Nishimoto, I. (2000) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-22-08401.2000 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Sentí, M., Nogués, X., Pedro-Botet, J., Rubiés-Prat, J., & Vidal-Barraquer, F. (1992) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.85.1.30 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Rall, S. C., Newhouse, Y. M., Clarke, H. R., Weisgraber, K. H., McCarthy, B. J., Mahley, R. W., & Bersot, T. P. (1989) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci113988 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citationApolipoprotein E gene polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease in Chinese population: a meta-analysis
Liu, M., Bian, C., Zhang, J., & Wen, F. (2014) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep04383 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Lipoprotein metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Jiang, Z. G., Simon, K. A., & Zemin, Y. (2013) · Journal of Biomedical Research · doi:10.7555/jbr.27.20120077 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Olfactory function in apoE knockout mice
Nathan, B. P., Yost, J., Litherland, M. T., Struble, R. G., & Switzer, P. V. (2003) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(03)00219-5 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Increased frequencies of apolipoprotein ε2 and ε4 alleles in patients with ischemic heart disease
Eto, M., Watanabe, K., & Makino, I. (1989) · Clinical Genetics · doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.1989.tb03186.x · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Effects of apoprotein E polymorphism on serum lipoprotein concentration.
Robertson, F. W., & Cumming, A. (1985) · Arteriosclerosis An Official Journal of the American Heart Association Inc · doi:10.1161/01.atv.5.3.283 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Molecular Genetic Findings in Suicidal Behavior: What is Beyond the Serotonergic System?
Rujescu, D., Thalmeier, A., Möller, H., Bronisch, T., & Giegling, I. (2006) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811110600897317 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Genetic Mutations Affecting Human Lipoproteins, Their Receptors, and Their Enzymes
Zannis, V. I., Kardassis, D., & Zanni, E. E. (1993) · Advances in Human Genetics 21 · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-3010-7_3 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationApolipoprotein E predisposes to obesity and related metabolic dysfunctions in mice
Karagiannides, I., Abdou, R. Y., Tzortzopoulou, A., Voshol, P. J., & Kypreos, K. E. (2008) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06619.x · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Association of Apolipoprotein E Polymorphisms in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis
Sazcı, A., Akpınar, G., Aygün, C., Ergül, E., Şentürk, Ö., & Hülagü, S. (2008) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-008-0271-5 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
MAHLEY, R. W., INNERARITY, T. L., RALL, S. C., & WEISGRABER, K. H. (1985) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1985.tb11860.x · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationEconomou-Petersen, E., Aessopos, A., Kladi, A., Flevari, P., Karabatsos, F., Fragodimitri, C., Nicolaidis, P., Vrettou, H., Vassilopoulos, D., Karagiorga‐Lagana, M., et al. (1998) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v92.9.3455 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Lee, Y., Kockx, M., Raftery, M. J., Jessup, W., Griffith, R., & Kritharides, L. (2010) · Molecular & Cellular Proteomics · doi:10.1074/mcp.m900430-mcp200 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Marais, A. D., Solomon, G. A. E., & Blom, D. J. (2014) · Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences · doi:10.3109/10408363.2013.870526 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Paik, Y., Chang, D. J., Reardon, C. A., Walker, M., Taxman, E., & Taylor, J. M. (1988) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)37710-x · Cited by 71 · see citing works
A new isoform of apolipoprotein E — Apo E-5 — Associated with hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis
Yamamura, T., Yamamoto, A., Hiramori, K., & Nambu, S. (1984) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(84)90019-4 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
A young type III hyperlipoproteinemic patient associated with apolipoprotein E deficiency
Mabuchi, H., Itoh, H., Takeda, M., Kajinami, K., Wakasugi, T., Koizumi, J., Takeda, R., & Asagami, C. (1989) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(89)90249-7 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and plasma cholesterol response to probucol
Nestruck, A. C., Bouthillier, D., Sing, C. F., & Davignon, J. (1987) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(87)90110-7 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Martínez‐Morillo, E., Nielsen, H. M., Batruch, I., Drabovich, A. P., Begcevic, I., Lopez, M. F., Minthon, L., Bu, G., Mattsson, N., Portelius, E., et al. (2014) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/pr401060x · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Eto, M., Horita, K., Morikawa, A., Nakata, H., Okada, M., Saito, M., Nomura, M., Abiko, A., Iwashima, Y., Ikoda, A., et al. (1995) · Clinical Genetics · doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.1995.tb04111.x · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Genetic Mutations Affecting Human Lipoprotein Metabolism
(1985) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-9400-0_3 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Zannis, V. I., Breslow, J. L., Utermann, G., Mahley, R. W., Weisgraber, K. H., Havel, R. J., Goldstein, J. L., Brown, M. S., Schonfeld, G., Hazzard, W. R., & Blum, C.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Lipid Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1982-08
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 911-914
- ISSN
- 0022-2275 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1770880387
- Cited by
- 436
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 25.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Lipid Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipid metabolism and disorders
- Keywords
- apolipoprotein E, APOE genotype, nomenclature, genetic variants, lipoprotein metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Apolipoproteins, Apolipoproteins E, Genotype, Humans, Terminology as Topic, Phenotype
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
