Ecdysteroid distribution during development of spinach
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20-hydroxyecdysone can also be ingested through food sources, with spinach and quinoa containing relatively large amounts.
“In addition to supplements, 20E can also be ingested through food sources. Spinach and quinoa in particular contain relatively large amounts of 20E [22,36].”
From How reliable is the labeling of a commercial phytosteroid product? A 12-week randomized double-blind training study (2025) · cites this paper as [36]
The 20-hydroxyecdysone content in quinoa seeds ranges from 70 to 800 μg/g and in spinach ranges from 4 to 800 μg/g fresh weight and 17 to 885 μg/g dry weight.
“The 20E content in quinoa seeds ranges from 70 to 800 μg/g and in spinach ranges from 4 to 800 μg/g fresh weight and 17 to 885 μg/g dry weight [22,36–38].”
From How reliable is the labeling of a commercial phytosteroid product? A 12-week randomized double-blind training study (2025) · cites this paper as [36]
The amount of ecdysteroids in field-grown spinach leaves ranges from 4 to 230 μg/g fresh weight, and in laboratory-grown plants, up to 800 μg/g FW.
“Similar to quinoa, the amount of ecdysteroids in field-grown spinach leaves ranges from 4 to 230 µg/g fresh weight (FW), and in laboratory-grown plants, up to 800 µg/g FW. [36]”
From Quinoa as phytopharmaceutical? Urinary elimination of ecdysterone after consumption of quinoa alone and in combination with spinach (2024) · cites this paper as [36]
Cites
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Occurrence and levels of ecdysteroids in spinach
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Self-citationEcdysteroids in Spinacia oleracea and Chenopodium bonus-henricus
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Self-citationFluctuation of phytoecdysteroids in developing shoots of Taxus cuspidata
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Self-citationThe isolation and identification of makisterone A from the yew, Taxus cuspidata
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Phytoecdysteroids: Biological aspects
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Schmelz, E. A., Grebenok, R. J., Ohnmeiss, T. E., & Bowers, W. S. (2002) · Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology · doi:10.1002/arch.10062 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationBiosynthesis and distribution of insect-molting hormones in plants—A review
Adler, J. H., & Grebenok, R. J. (1995) · Lipids · doi:10.1007/bf02537830 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationInsect-Induced Synthesis of Phytoecdysteroids in Spinach, Spinacia oleracea
Schmelz, E. A., Grebenok, R. J., Galbraith, D. W., & Bowers, W. S. (1999) · Journal of Chemical Ecology · doi:10.1023/a:1020969413567 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationEcdysteroids in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.): Biosynthesis, Transport and Regulation of Levels
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Occurrence, biosynthesis, and putative role of ecdysteroids in plants
Adler, J. H., & Grebenok, R. J. (1999) · Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1080/10409239991209282 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Ecdysteroids in Plants and their Pharmacological Effects in Vertebrates and Humans
(2015) · Studies in Natural Products Chemistry · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63473-3.00005-8 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Ecdysteroid biosynthesis during the ontogeny of spinach leaves
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Self-citationEcdysteroid Structure-Activity Relationships
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Biosynthesis of ecdysone and ecdysone phosphates in spinach
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Self-citationBiosynthesis of ecdysteroids in Zea mays
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Efficient Extraction and Sensitive HPLC-MS/MS Quantification of Selected Ecdysteroids in Plants
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Urinary Excretion of Ecdysterone and Its Metabolites Following Spinach Consumption
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Phytoecdysteroid and Clerodane Content in Three Wild <i>Ajuga</i> Species in Israel
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Isenmann, E., Yuliandra, T., Touvleliou, K., Broekmann, M., Torre, X. D. L., Botrè, F., Diel, P., & Parr, M. K. (2023) · doi:10.1101/2023.10.10.560427 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Dissemond, J., Havers, T., Held, S., Geisler, S., Kostov, T., Diel, P., Türschmann, S., Parr, M. K., & Isenmann, E. (2025) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1080/15502783.2025.2540408 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“However, the concentrations in food varies, depending on variety, genetics and environmental conditions [36,37].”
- Authors
- Grebenok, R. J., & Adler, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Michigan Technological University (US)
- ORCID
- Grebenok, Robert J.
- Venue
- Phytochemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1991-01
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 2905-2910
- ISSN
- 0031-9422 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2029768386
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 1.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Phytochemistry (publishedVersion)
- Digital Commons - Michigan Tech (Michigan Technological University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Phytochemical Studies and Bioactivities
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Steroid Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Keywords
- phytoecdysteroids, spinach, plant development, ecdysteroid biosynthesis, sterol biosynthesis
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