The DOI matches its Crossref record; 150 of the 166 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Phytoecdysteroids: biological aspects
Abstract
Phytoecdysteroids are a family of about 200 plant steroids related in structure to the invertebrate steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone. Typically, they are C27, C28 or C29 compounds possessing a 14alpha-hydroxy-7-en-6-one chromophore and A/B-cis ring fusion (5beta-H). In the present review, the distribution, biosynthesis, biological significance and potential applications of phytoecdysteroids are summarised.
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“research results suggest that only around 6% of plant species contain detectable levels of PEs [6,8,9,10].”
From Ecdysterone and Turkesterone—Compounds with Prominent Potential in Sport and Healthy Nutrition (2024) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“However, variations exist regarding the levels of 20HE in spinach, with some reporting lower amounts, such as 50 μg/g dry mass, 10.3 and 16.8 μg/g in different spinach accessions, and 0.44 mg% dry weight [8,156,160].”
From Ecdysterone and Turkesterone—Compounds with Prominent Potential in Sport and Healthy Nutrition (2024) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“The biosynthetic pathway(s) in plants, just like that in arthropods, has not yet been fully elucidated, but the biosynthesis appears to differ mechanistically from that in animals (Figure 7), and maybe also differ within types of plant (e.g., between angiosperms and ferns; [3,35])”
From Ecdysteroids (2021) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“The huge diversity of phytoecdysteroid molecular structures indicates that biosynthesis in plants occurs as a combinatorial system of a network of enzymes without strong substrate specificity, which could result in over 1000 possible permutations of structure from a small number of early intermediates (14α-hydroxy-6-oxo-7-ene C 27/28/29sterols [35]).”
From Ecdysteroids (2021) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“It has been shown in several ecdysteroid-accumulating species that ecdysteroid levels are additionally influenced by environmental factors (e.g., temperature, nutritional factors, invertebrate predation [35]).”
From Ecdysteroids (2021) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“Both E and 20E exist in plants to play roles in the plants or participate in the defense of plants against insects [73].”
From G protein-coupled receptors function as cell membrane receptors for the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (2020) · cites this paper as [73]
In the citing paper
“A series of evidence suggests that PEs do not accumulate in the majority of plant species as the expression of the biosynthetic pathways in plants is downregulated6.”
From The Phytochemical, Biological, and Medicinal Attributes of Phytoecdysteroids: An Updated Review (2021) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“a survey indicates that only ∼6% of all plants contain detectable levels of ecdysteroids6.”
From The Phytochemical, Biological, and Medicinal Attributes of Phytoecdysteroids: An Updated Review (2021) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“PEs have several beneficial effects on mammals: they play roles in anabolic, adaptogenic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, antimicrobial, and anti-arthritic activity. They also act as hepatoprotectors and immunomodulators [3,8,12,15,155].”
From Phytoecdysteroids: Distribution, Structural Diversity, Biosynthesis, Activity, and Crosstalk with Phytohormones (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“PE treatment negatively affects invertebrate growth, development, and reproduction, but PEs do not exhibit toxicity in mammals [3].”
From Phytoecdysteroids: Distribution, Structural Diversity, Biosynthesis, Activity, and Crosstalk with Phytohormones (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“Ecdysteroids exhibit interesting pharmacological effects on mammals, such as the stimulation of protein synthesis, antidiabetic activity, and antirheumatic activity [5,6,7].”
In the citing paper
“Ecdysteroids are a,b-unsaturated 6-ketosteroids that occur in a wide range of plant species; as analogs of the insect molting hormone ecdysone, these compounds possess several biological functions in the flora and the fauna [11,12].”
From Nitrogen-containing ecdysteroid derivatives vs. multi-drug resistance in cancer: Preparation and antitumor activity of oximes, oxime ethers and a lactam (2018) · cites this paper as [11]
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Antibacterial Compound Isolation and Characterization from the Plant Cyanotis axillaris Schult
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β-ecdysone content and antioxidant capacity in different organs of Brazilian ginseng
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“Phytoecdysteroid content, including β-ecdysone, is generally low in plants (DINAN, 2001), but P. glomerata has a high concentration of β-ecdysone (FESTUCCI-BUSELLI et al., 2008a).”
BackgroundYusupova, U. Y., Ramazonov, N. S., Syrov, V. N., & Сагдуллаев, Ш. Ш. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-6711-4_1 · Cited by 4
Dai, Z., Sun, B., Wang, Y., Zhang, Z., & Sun, W. (2022) · Insects · doi:10.3390/insects13030297 · Cited by 6
“It is generally believed that the abnormal level of 20E concentration could disrupt the normal life processes of insects [4].”
BackgroundSzerencsés, B., Vörös, M., Bagi, K., Háznagy, M. B., Hunyadi, A., Vágvölgyi, C., Pfeiffer, I., & Vágvölgyi, M. (2022) · Microbiology Research · doi:10.3390/microbiolres13040071 · Cited by 4
Insect endocrinology and hormone-based pest control products in IPM
Doucet, D. S., Cusson, M., & Retnakaran, A. (2008) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511626463.023 · Cited by 4
Biological activity of phytosterols and their derivatives
Mehtiev, A. R., & Misharin, A. Y. (2008) · Biochemistry (Moscow) Supplement Series B Biomedical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s11828-008-1001-4 · Cited by 4
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Lee, J. H., Han, J. H., Ham, H. J., Kim, H., Lee, J., & Baek, S. Y. (2022) · Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A · doi:10.1080/19440049.2022.2048899 · Cited by 3
“These steroid hormones control molting and reproduction in arthropods, but their roles in plants are less well known as they do not elicit any classical plant hormonal responses (Dinan 2001).”
BackgroundThe effect of 20-hydroxyecdysone on the susceptibility of Escherichia coli to different antibiotics
Smirnova, G., Bezmaternykh, K., & Oktyabrsky, O. N. (2016) · Journal of Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1111/jam.13304 · Cited by 3
“In many plant species, ecdysteroids can reach concentrations sufficient to use these plants as the source of ecdysteroids (Dinan 2001).”
BackgroundKim, J., Yang, X. U., Riu, K.-Z., Kim, J. H., Hyun, C., & Boo, K.-H. (2025) · Plant Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110216 · Cited by 4
Synthesis of a novel phosphate analog of 20-hydroxylecdysone with potent hypoglycemic activity
Zhang, D., Zhang, M., Ding, B. H., Wang, X.-L., Qiu, Z., & Qin, Y. K. (2011) · Journal of Asian Natural Products Research · doi:10.1080/10286020.2011.554830 · Cited by 5
Cuny, E. (2023) · Natural Product Communications · doi:10.1177/1934578x231201053 · Cited by 3
“111,112 From the roots and rhizome of H niger , Liedtke et al 113 isolated β -ecdysone (20-hydroxyecdysone) 57 (see Figure 10) on a 25 mg scale and con fi rmed the structure by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy.”
MethodZhang, J., Li, Y., Sun, H., Zuo, D., Yang, Q., Sun, R. F., Xing, J.-L., Zhu, Z., Zhu, X., & Guo, D. (2024) · Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture · doi:10.1186/s40538-024-00624-7 · Cited by 3
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“…언 Ecdysteroid는 곤충의 탈피호르몬이며 기원에 따라 절 지동물과 갑각류에서 생산되는 zooecdysteroid와 식물에서 생산되는 phytoecdysteroid로 구분되는데, Phytoecdysteroid 는 triterpenoid, triterpene saponin을 포함하는 화합물 의 일종으로 phytosterol과 phytoecdysteroid로 구분되며, acetyl-CoA를 선구물질로 하여 식물 세포 내 mevalonate 경로에서 mevalonic acid에 의하여 합성된다(Dinan, 2001).”
Marinho, B. M., Fernandes, D. N., Chicoti, M. Z., Ribeiro, G. D. J. G., de Almeida, V. G., dos Santos, M. G., Guimarães, V. H. D., Marchioretto, M. S., Martins, H. R., de Melo, G. E. B. A., et al. (2021) · Natural Product Research · doi:10.1080/14786419.2021.1895151 · Cited by 3
“…with specific structural features and a wide variety of biological functions and activities, including the protection against herbivory (Savchenko et al. 1998; Harmatha et al. 2008), in addition to antimicrobial activity, tonic, adaptogen, hepatoprotective and diabetes control (Dinan 2001).”
BackgroundInvestigation of plants containing unusual ecdysteroids with ring in their side-chain
Ványolós, A. (2012) · doi:10.14232/phd.1514 · Cited by 3
Guo, J., Zhong, X., Zhou, L., Chen, K., Wei, M., Gao, X., Wang, S., Qian, Z., Cui, L., Qiang, Y., et al. (2026) · BMC Plant Biology · doi:10.1186/s12870-026-08432-x · Cited by 2
Arthropod moulting hormones (ecdysteroids) are present in the blood of insectivorous bats
Hornok, S., Berkecz, R., Sós, E., Sándor, A. D., Körmöczi, T., Solymosi, N., Kontschán, J., & Hunyadi, A. (2022) · Mammal Review · doi:10.1111/mam.12283 · Cited by 3
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“20E is the most biologically active substance in the group 20 and has been found in other species of the genus Gomphrena such as, G. affinis; G. canescens; G. cunninghamii; G. dispersa e G. haageana; G. officinalis; G. celosioides; G. haenkeana; G. meyeniana, and G. perenis .”
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“The rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a polyphagous stored product pest that infests various types of commodities worldwide (Aitken, 1975; Hill, 2002; Mason & McDonough, 2012; Fouad et al., 2021).”
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Biological Activities and Phytochemistry of Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L.
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Diastereospecific conjugation of 24-oxo-25,26,27-trinor analogs of ecdysteroids with L-ascorbic acid
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Biological Flora of the British Isles:Serratula tinctoria
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“These secondary metabolites are known to occur widely in vascular plants but their physiological role and function is conjectural (Dinan 2001; Tarkowsk a & Strnad 2016).”
BackgroundFerns and Lycophytes with Insecticidal Activity: An Overview
Lima, G. P., de Souza, J. B., de Paiva, S. R., & Santos, M. G. (2022) · Reference series in phytochemistry · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-97415-2_13-1 · Cited by 2
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“7 In addition to this, ecdysteroids are present in massive quantities in a wide range of plant species; therefore, they cannot be clearly classified into animal or plant categories.”
Bidirectional effect of ecdysterone on thymocyte volume regulation and proliferation
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Preparation of novel bioactive semi-synthetic ecdysteroid derivatives
Csábi, J. (2017) · doi:10.14232/phd.3986
“20-hydroxyecdysone (20E, 1, 90% originated from the roots of Cyanotis arachnoidea) was purchased from Shaanxi KingSci Biotechnology Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China), and further purified by crystallization from ethyl acetate : methanol (2:1, v/v), so that purity of 20E utilized for the semi-synthesis was 97.8%, by means of…”
BackgroundInfluentialNelson Zapata, S. M., Ceballos, R., Céspedes, C. L., Alarcón, J., & Leyton, A. (2016)
Phytoecdysteroids from the stem bark of Vitex doniana with anti-inflammatory activities
Ochieng, C. O., Ishiola, I. O., Opiyo, S. A., Manguro, I., & Owuor, P. O. (2014)
Chapitre 43. Action sur la physiologie des insectes
Darrouzet, É., & Desneux, N. (2013) · IRD Éditions eBooks · doi:10.4000/books.irdeditions.22704 · Cited by 1
Sreejit, C. M. (2019) · International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology · doi:10.22214/ijraset.2019.4207
“Today, it is realised that these steroids are present at all stages of insect development, regulating many biochemical and physiological processes: in newly-laid eggs, during embryonic and postembryonic developments and in adult insects, regulating aspects of development, metamorphosis, reproduction and diapause [2].”
BackgroundScreening of Juvenile Hormone Disruptors from Myzus persicae using Yeast β-galactosidase Assay
Jeon, J. H., Jeong, S.-A., Park, D., Shin, S.-W., Seo, B., & Oh, H.-W. (2020) · The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science · doi:10.7585/kjps.2020.24.3.241
Mantzoukas, S., Korbou, G., Lagogiannis, I., Kourelis, T. G., Eliopoulos, P. A., & Katsoris, P. (2022) · Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection · doi:10.1007/s41348-022-00568-w
“…plant derived sterols that participate in the plant metabolism and/ or provide a shield against phytophagous insects; they mimic the activity of insect moulting hormones, and they trigger insect weight loss as well as disruption of moulting and/or mortality (Dinan 2001; Klein 2004; Walters 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialBioactive Metabolites of Marine Invertebrates
(2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/1-4020-3484-9_2
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Metadata
- Authors
- Dinan, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Exeter (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Dinan, Laurence
- ORCID
- Dinan, Laurence
- Venue
- Phytochemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-06
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 325-339
- ISSN
- 0031-9422 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2032058270
- Cited by
- 392
- References
- 166
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 0.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Phytochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Phytochemical Studies and Bioactivities
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Steroid Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
- Keywords
- phytoecdysteroids, 20-hydroxyecdysone, plant steroids, steroidogenesis, biological significance
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Ecdysone, Ecdysterone, Invertebrates, Pest Control, Biological, Phytosterols, Plant Physiological Phenomena
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