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Implementation intentions and goal achievement: a meta-analysis of effects and processes
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“Also, as reviewed by Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006), adapting specific implementation intentions (“if-then”-plans rather than overall goal intentions) may have a strong effect on goal attainment.”
From How Study Environments Foster Academic Procrastination: Overview and Recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006
In the citing paper
“For women with, or at risk of GDM, bridging this intention–behaviour gap is likely to require specific action planning alongside concise, credible and condition‐relevant guidance [53, 54].”
From Preconception Perceptions, Knowledge and Behaviours of Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Qualitative Study (2026) · cites this paper as [53]
In the citing paper
“One encourages people to form realistic, concrete plans for how to implement their new health-related goals in specific situations (Gollwitzer & Sheeran 2006).”
From The Psychology of Change: Self-Affirmation and Social Psychological Intervention (2014) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer & Sheeran 2006
In the citing paper
“Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006) found that implementation intentions had a positive effect on improving goal attainment in terms of achievements, relationships, and health, with a medium to large effect size [Cohen' d = 0.65 (95% CI = 0.6, 0.7)].”
From A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Mental Contrasting With Implementation Intentions on Goal Attainment (2021) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006)
In the citing paper
“Studies show that implementing study intentions and plans enhances self-regulation and performance (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006;Schwinger & Otterpohl, 2017).”
From The Potential of Exam Wrappers in Higher Education Assessment Practice: Fostering Self-Efficacy Through Guided Self-Reflection (2025) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006
In the citing paper
“we synthesized the evidence across these studies, as implementation intentions are considered a domain‐general self‐regulation strategy applicable to a wide range of goals.”
From The effectiveness of implementation intentions in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis (2026) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006
In the citing paper
“As recently reported in a meta-analysis, implementation intentions facilitate the attainment of all kinds of goals (e.g., academic, health, and interpersonal goals; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
From Implementation Intentions Facilitate Response Inhibition in Children with ADHD (2008) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006
Citations
Cites
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“Although accumulated research supports this idea (e.g., Armitage & Conner, 2001; Sheeran, 2002; Sutton, 1998), there is also contrary evidence that gives credence to the proverb that ‘‘the road to hell is paved with good intentions’’ (Orbell & Sheeran, 1998; Sheeran, 2002).”
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Matcham, F., McNally, L. M., & Vogt, F. (2013) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12078 · Cited by 16
Christakou, A. (2014) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.09.008 · Cited by 17
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Chisholm, A., Hart, J., Mann, K. V., & Peters, S. (2013) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2013.09.007 · Cited by 16
“Evidence supports the use of implementation intentions (which aid implementing goal intentions and thus achieving goals) [55]”
Scholz, U., & Sniehotta, F. F. (2006) · Zeitschrift für Gesundheitspsychologie · doi:10.1026/0943-8149.14.2.73 · Cited by 16
On the automaticity of response inhibition in individuals with alcoholism
Noël, X., Brevers, D., Hanak, C., Kornreich, C., Verbanck, P., & Verbruggen, F. (2016) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.01.003 · Cited by 19
Psychological Contributions to the Development of Car Use Reduction Interventions
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Meslot, C., Gauchet, A., Hagger, M. S., Chatzisarantis, N. L. D., Lehmann, A., & Allenet, B. (2016) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12081 · Cited by 16
“Furnishing intentions with plans, known as implementation intentions, to enact those intentions has been shown to be an effective strategy in improving relations between intentions and behaviour (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSmith-Spark, J. H., Zięcik, A. P., & Sterling, C. (2017) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2016.12.011 · Cited by 16
Force of Habit: Developing Situation Awareness in Critical Care Transport
Lauria, M., Ghobrial, M. K., & Hicks, C. M. (2018) · Air Medical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.amj.2018.09.007 · Cited by 16
Burns, E. C. (2020) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.09.005 · Cited by 24
Intentional Action Control in Individuals and Groups
Wieber, F., Thürmer, J. L., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2013) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783110284461.133 · Cited by 16
“Implementation intentions have been shown to help moderate these challenges (see the introduction to this contribution; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006), and so we investigated whether groups would be able to improve their decision making by forming implementation intentions.”
BackgroundSelf-citationKendzierski, D., Ritter, R. L., Stump, T. K., & Anglin, C. L. (2015) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.07.007 · Cited by 16
“Although this is not optimal, a 19 meta-analysis of implementation intentions by Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006) revealed similar 20 effect sizes in studies utilizing objective and self-r port behavioral measures.”
BackgroundMethodFurnishing hypnotic instructions with implementation intentions enhances hypnotic responsiveness
Gallo, I. S., Pfau, F., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2012) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2012.03.007 · Cited by 16
“, Gorassini & Spanos, 1999) to increase hypnotic responsiveness. We specifically followed Gorassini’s (2002) procedure by including information on the application of a direct management strategy to the hypnotic suggestions.”
Self-citationMotivation and Actions, Psychology of
Gollwitzer, P. M., & Oettingen, G. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-097086-8.26040-6 · Cited by 16
Self-citationChanging Behavior Beyond the Here and NowPreprint
Rogers, T., & Frey, E. (2014) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2410465 · Cited by 19
“Not only does it encourage individuals to develop strategies for overcoming possible logistical obstacles, but on a cognitive level, plan-making also helps people to remember their intentions at appropriate times (Gollwitzer, 1999; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
Gollwitzer, P. M., & Oettingen, G. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_1710 · Cited by 16
Self-citationLevers of eco-control and green behavior in medical waste management
Sisdyani, E. A., Subroto, B., Saraswati, E., & Baridwan, Z. (2020) · International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy · doi:10.32479/ijeep.9342 · Cited by 15
“Strategic intentions need to be translated into implementation intentions, which clearly indicate when, where, and how the intentions are to be implemented (Gollwitzer, 1999; Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006; Wieber et al., 2015).”
BackgroundGamification in education—teachers’ perspectives through the lens of the theory of planned behavior
Leiss, L., Großschedl, J., Wilde, M., Fränkel, S., Becker, S., & Großmann, N. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1571463 · Cited by 28
Torkhani, E., Dematte, E., SLAWINSKI, J. S., Csillik, A. S., Gay, M., Bensmaïl, D., Heinzlef, O., & de Marco, G. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.767784 · Cited by 14
Improving Sleep Among Teachers: an Implementation-Intention Intervention
Schmidt, L. I., Steenbock, L. M., & Sieverding, M. (2022) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10069-7 · Cited by 16
Dissecting the effect of family business exposure on entrepreneurial implementation intention
Onjewu, A.-K. E., Haddoud, M. Y., Tony‐Okeke, U., Cao, D., & Nowiński, W. (2022) · International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research · doi:10.1108/ijebr-05-2021-0350 · Cited by 15
“It [II] could also be understood as a volitional phase evidenced by actions eliciting the intended behaviour (Gollwitzer, 1999; Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006).”
Rodger, A., Vezevicius, A., & Papies, E. K. (2023) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2023.106459 · Cited by 15
“They involve the creation of a plan that identifies when, where, and how an intended behavior will take place using “ if/when, then …” statements (Gollwitzer, 2006).”
BackgroundBrinkhof, L. P., Ridderinkhof, K. R., Murre, J. M. J., Krugers, H. J., & de Wit, S. (2023) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-023-01259-3 · Cited by 22
“IIs have been widely applied in health psychology, and have been shown to facilitate goal attainment among the general population, as well as specific subgroups [21].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialExperienced gratitude is a catalyst for upward spirals of perceived partner responsiveness
Algoe, S. B., & Chandler, K. R. (2023) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101764 · Cited by 15
Spoiled for Choice? When Work Flexibility Improves or Impairs Work–Life Outcomes
Smit, B. W., Boyar, S. L., & Maertz, C. P. (2023) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/01492063231215018 · Cited by 16
“Meta-analytic evidence across domains supports the value of planning in goal pursuits (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006), and contemporary employees pursue WLB as one main goal (e.g., Hirschi et al., 2019).”
Dodging the autocratic bullet: enlisting behavioural science to arrest democratic backsliding
Abels, C. M., Huttunen, K. J. A., Hertwig, R., & Lewandowsky, S. (2024) · Behavioural Public Policy · doi:10.1017/bpp.2024.43 · Cited by 17
“Prompting people to consciously consider when, where and how they will cast their vote can also help to increase voter turnout (Gollwitzer, 1999; Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006).”
PlanFitting: Personalized Exercise Planning with Large Language Model-driven Conversational Agent
Shin, D.-H., Hsieh, G., & Kim, Y. (2025) · ACM Conference on Conversational User Interfaces (CUI) · doi:10.1145/3719160.3736607 · Cited by 33
“In the following, we describe the detailed interaction flow between the CA and the user.”
Delgadillo, J., Moreea, O., Murphy, E., Ali, S., & Swift, J. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22228 · Cited by 14
Doering, B. K., Conrad, N., Rief, W., & Exner, C. (2011) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602011.2011.583500 · Cited by 15
“However, when counsellors succeed in establishing collaboratively with the patient implementation intentions (if-then plans, ie, a specification of when, where and how a goal should be pursued and an anticipation of potential barriers to goal success), then these implementation intentions can promote successful goal-a…”
BackgroundInsights for Exercise Adherence From a Minimal Planning Intervention to Increase Physical Activity
Chapman, J., Campbell, M., & Wilson, C. J. (2015) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/1090198115577374 · Cited by 17
“As such, interventions that target only motivational variables (such as attitudes) are generally successful in increasing intentions to engage in health behaviors but not the behavior itself (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCobb, C. O., NIAURA, R. S., Donaldson, E. A., & Graham, A. L. (2014) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.3086 · Cited by 15
van Genugten, L., van Empelen, P., & Oenema, A. (2014) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/resprot.2599 · Cited by 15
“Together, the description of the situation and the strategy resulted in an implementation intention [38].”
InfluentialRandomized Controlled Trial of a Volitional Help Sheet to Encourage Weight Loss in the Middle East
Armitage, C. J., Alganem, S. A., & Norman, P. (2017) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-017-0807-z · Cited by 15
“^ Laboratory studies show that when critical situations are encountered, appropriate responses are triggered automatically (Gollwitzer and Sheeran 2006).”
BackgroundInfluentialStoffel, S., Benito, L., Milà, N., Travier, N., Binefa, G., Vidal, C., Espinosa, J., Moreno, V., & Garcia, M. (2019) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.12.013 · Cited by 15
Tailored Daily Activity: An Adaptive Physical Activity Smartphone Intervention
Direito, A., Tooley, M., Hinbarji, M., Albatal, R., Jiang, Y., Whittaker, R., & Maddison, R. (2019) · Telemedicine Journal and e-Health · doi:10.1089/tmj.2019.0034 · Cited by 15
“This model combines deliberative constructs from the Theory of Planned Behavior, 18 motivational processes from the Self-determination Theory, 19 volitional processes such as action planning, 20 and nonconscious processes (i.e., impulses 21 ).”
Everyday dilemmas: New directions on the judgment and resolution of benevolence–integrity dilemmas
Moore, A. K., Gomez, D. M. M., & Levine, E. E. (2019) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12472 · Cited by 20
Implementation Intentions for Improving Self-Regulation in Multimedia Learning: Why Don’t They Work?
Hoch, E., Scheiter, K., & Schüler, A. (2019) · The Journal of Experimental Education · doi:10.1080/00220973.2019.1628693 · Cited by 16
“A meta-analysis reported a medium-to-large effect size of implementation intentions supporting goal achievement over a variety of domains (d¼ 0.65; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialChan, S., Buddhika, T., Zhang, H., & Nanayakkara, S. C. (2019) · Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies · doi:10.1145/3351235 · Cited by 16
“This method helps users to form stronger associations between situational cues (event, time or location) and intended actions [21], so that they are more likely to perform their PM tasks.”
BackgroundMethodMohan, S. (2021) · ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems · doi:10.1145/3375790 · Cited by 17
“Implementation intentions [18] serve to fill this so called intention-behavior gap.”
BackgroundMethodŁakuta, P. (2020) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2020.1746283 · Cited by 19
“Consistent with a growing body of research, forming implementation intentions can help people to deal with difficulties with self-regulating their actions (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006; Hallam et al., 2015; Toli et al., 2016; Webb et al., 2010, 2012; Wieber & Gollwitzer, 2017).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPaans, N. P. G., Bot, M., Brouwer, I. A., Visser, M., Gili, M., Roca, M., Hegerl, U., Kohls, E., Owens, M., Watkins, E. R., et al. (2020) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110206 · Cited by 16
Assessing and promoting the use of implementation intentions in clinical practice
Duhne, P. G. S., Horan, A. J., Ross, C., Webb, T. L., & Hardy, G. E. (2020) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113490 · Cited by 15
Evaluating the Impact of Goal Setting on Improving Diet Quality in Chronic Kidney Disease
Chan, C. H., Conley, M. M., Reeves, M. M., Campbell, K. L., & Kelly, J. T. (2021) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.627753 · Cited by 18
“According to the achievement motivation theory, people tend to continue making positive changes once they have attained their set goals (35, 36).”
BackgroundPalfai, T. P., & Luehring‐Jones, P. (2021) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-021-03346-1 · Cited by 17
“, training on implementation intentions [195, 196]).”
What makes implementation intentions (in)effective for physical activity among older adults?
Warner, L. M., Fleig, L., Wolff, J. K., Keller, J., Schwarzer, R., Nyman, S. R., & Wurm, S. (2021) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12563 · Cited by 17
Bieleke, M., Wolff, W., Englert, C., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2021) · Zeitschrift für Sportpsychologie · doi:10.1026/1612-5010/a000336 · Cited by 17
Self-citationMaltagliati, S., Sarrazin, P. G., Isoard‐Gautheur, S., Rhodes, R. E., Boisgontier, M. P., & Cheval, B. (2021) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2021.1877246 · Cited by 16
“In this line, volitional strategies, such as action planning and coping planning (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006; Schwarzer, 2008) could play an important role in bridging the gap between intention and behaviors (Rollo & Prapavessis, 2020; Sui & Prapavessis, 2018).”
BackgroundStuder-Luethi, B., Bösch, V. D., Lusti, S., & Meier, B. (2022) · Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition · doi:10.1080/13825585.2022.2105298 · Cited by 16
“The implementation intention strategy training is based on the insights about forming action plans with specific and concrete “if-then” statements about to be performed tasks (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundMethodImproving Hand Hygiene Behavior Using a Novel Theory-Based Intervention During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Smith, S. R., Hagger, M. S., Keech, J. J., Moyers, S. A., & Hamilton, K. (2022) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaac041 · Cited by 18
“implementation intentions in promoting effective enactment of intended behaviors beyond mere formation of a goal intention [47].”
BackgroundDesigning Inside the Box or Pitching Practices in Industry and Education
Altizer, R., & Zagal, J. P. (2014) · doi:10.26503/dl.v2014i1.626 · Cited by 15
“…a conceptual model for serious games design (Thompson, Baranowski, and Buday 2010), the implementation intentions theory of behavior change (Gollwitzer and Sheeran 2006), and several theories on the use of avatars for education and health behavior change (Fox, Bailenson, and Binney 2009;…”
BackgroundGoal implementation: The benefits and costs of IF-THEN planning
Parks‐Stamm, E. J., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2009) · KOPS (University of Konstanz) · Cited by 15
Self-citationWenn-Dann Pläne: eine effektive Planungsstrategie aus der Motivationspsychologie
Faude-Koivisto, T. S., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2009) · VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-531-91766-5_13 · Cited by 15
“…gilt als empirisch abgesichert: zahlreiche Studien aus sehr unterschiedlichen Handlungsfeldern konnten zeigen, dass mit Wenn-Dann Plänen ausgestattete Ziele eine höhere Erfolgsrate aufweisen als Ziele ohne solche Pläne (Übersichten siehe Achtziger & Gollwitzer, 2006; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationMele, A. R. (2008) · Neuroethics · doi:10.1007/s12152-008-9027-3 · Cited by 15
“Gollwitzer and Paschal Sheeran report that “findings from 94 independent tests showed that implementation intentions had a positive effect of medium-tolarge magnitude…on goal attainment” [ 42 ], p. 69).”
BackgroundArmitage, C. J. (2014) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2014.12.003 · Cited by 16
Kanning, M. K. (2009) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1348/135910709x477476 · Cited by 17
Gerber, M., Mallett, C. J., & Pühse, U. (2011) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2011.614846 · Cited by 16
“Gollwitzer and Sheeran's ( 2006 ) meta-analysis points to a (moderate) positive association ( d = .”
BackgroundMiller, J. G., Slade, P., Sheeran, P., Wright, A., & Dibble, T. (2011) · Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care · doi:10.1136/jfprhc.2010.0016 · Cited by 17
“A recent meta-analysis has shown that if-then planning has beneficial effects for a range of health behaviours.”
BackgroundSelf-citationDevelopment of an adolescent alcohol misuse intervention based on the Prototype Willingness Model
Davies, E., Miller, J. G., & FOXCROFT, D. R. (2016) · Health Education · doi:10.1108/he-01-2015-0006 · Cited by 15
“This technique has been found to be effective across a wide range of health behaviours (Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundGrima: A Distinct Emotion Concept?
Gallo, I. S., Dols, J. M. F., Gollwitzer, P. M., & Keil, A. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00131 · Cited by 15
“Though research on emotion regulation by implementation intentions was still rather scarce in 2006, when the first meta-analysis on the effects of implementation intentions was published (Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006), its relevance has grown considerably in the last years.”
BackgroundSelf-citationAn experimental investigation of breaking learnt habits with verbal implementation intentions
Verhoeven, A. A. C., Kindt, M., Zomer, C. L., & de Wit, S. (2017) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2017.05.008 · Cited by 15
Knaüper, B., Carrière, K., Frayn, M., Ivanova, E. L., Xu, Z. H., Ames‐Bull, A., Islam, F., Lowensteyn, I., Sadikaj, G., Łuszczyńska, A., et al. (2018) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.22226 · Cited by 15
“” Meta-analyses have found medium to large effects of if-then plans on goal achievement across a wide area of behaviors (9-11).”
BackgroundThe Role of Habits in Maladaptive Behaviour and Therapeutic Interventions
Verhoeven, A. A. C., & de Wit, S. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-97529-0_16 · Cited by 18
InfoSec Process Action Model (IPAM): Targeting Insiders' Weak Password Behavior
Curry, M., Marshall, B. B., Correia, J., & Crossler, R. E. (2019) · Journal of Information Systems · doi:10.2308/isys-52381 · Cited by 15
Looking at Spillovers in the Mirror: Making a Case for “Behavioral Spillunders”
Krpan, D., Galizzi, M. M., & Dolan, P. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01142 · Cited by 18
Kang, A. S., Jayaraman, K., Soh, K. L., & Wong, W. P. (2020) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121111 · Cited by 15
Allemand, M., Keller, L., Gmür, B., Gehriger, V., Oberholzer, T., & Stieger, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.575101 · Cited by 16
Kenyon, M., Young, F. K., Mufti, G. J., Pagliuca, A., Lim, Z. Y., & Ream, E. (2015) · European Journal of Cancer Care · doi:10.1111/ecc.12297 · Cited by 15
An integrative model of goal pursuitPreprint
Milyavskaya, M., & Werner, K. M. (2021) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/qydpv · Cited by 20
Bisson, A., Sorrentino, V., & Lachman, M. E. (2021) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/27208 · Cited by 14
“Using walking as an example, implementation intentions could include action planning, which involves creating a plan that includes the time and place that walking would occur [10].”
Partner Support and Goal Outcomes: A Multilevel Meta‐Analysis and a Methodological Critique
Vowels, L. M., & Carnelley, K. B. (2022) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2846 · Cited by 20
Increasing Physical Exercise through Action and Coping Planning
Wee, Z. Q. C., & Dillon, D. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19073883 · Cited by 22
“Planning has been identified as an economical and effective way to help individuals attain their goals and to change behaviours [14].”
BackgroundJingle-Jangle Fallacies in Motivation Science
Pekrun, R. H. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197662359.003.0009 · Cited by 19
Boyatzis, R. E. (2024) · doi:10.1093/9780197765142.001.0001 · Cited by 15
Presseau, J., Sniehotta, F. F., Francis, J., & Little, B. R. (2008) · Aberdeen University Research Archive (Aberdeen University) · doi:10.25405/ncl.34116996 · Cited by 14
Hallett, M. (2009) · Understanding complex systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-03205-9_7 · Cited by 5
Meers, M. R. (2013) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network) · Cited by 14
Forming implementation intentions improves prospective memory in early psychosis
Khoyratty, N.-B., Wang, Y., O’Gorman, J. G., Lloyd, C., Williams, P. L., Chan, R. C. K., & Shum, D. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.05.101 · Cited by 14
“A meta-analysis by Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006) showed the effectiveness of implementation intentions across a range of goals and situations.”
An application of the health action process approach to physiotherapy rehabilitation adherence
Clark, H. R., & Bassett, S. F. (2014) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.3109/09593985.2014.912710 · Cited by 15
“There is mounting support that formulating both action and coping plans do bridge the gap between intentions and a specific behaviour (Carraro and Gaudreau, 2013; Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006), especially in those with high self-efficacy (Luszczynska, Schwarzer, Lippke, and Mazurkiewicz, 2011).”
Background“Happiness” and “The Good Life” as Motives Working Together Effectively
Higgins, E. T., Cornwell, J. F. M., & Franks, B. (2014) · Advances in motivation science · doi:10.1016/bs.adms.2014.08.004 · Cited by 13
Self-Regulation: Principles and Tools
Oettingen, G., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139565790.002 · Cited by 14
Self-citationFowler, S. L., Klein, W. M. P., Ball, L., McGuire, J., Colditz, G. A., & Waters, E. A. (2017) · Medical Decision Making · doi:10.1177/0272989x17699835 · Cited by 14
Keyworth, C., Hart, J., Thoong, H., Ferguson, J., & Tully, M. P. (2017) · JMIR Human Factors · doi:10.2196/humanfactors.7153 · Cited by 14
“Implementation intentions or “If-Then” plans have been shown to be effective in changing behavior in general [11].”
BackgroundCreating and Breaking Habit in Healthcare Professional Behaviours to Improve Healthcare and Health
Potthoff, S., McCleary, N., Sniehotta, F. F., & Presseau, J. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-97529-0_14 · Cited by 14
Enabling Responsible Online Gambling by Real-time Persuasive Technologies
Drosatos, G., Nalbadis, F., Arden-Close, E. J., Baines, V., Bolat, E., Vuillier, L., Κωστούλας, Θ., Budka, M., Wasowska, S., Sky Betting & Gaming, 2. W. P., et al. (2018) · Complex Systems Informatics and Modeling Quarterly · doi:10.7250/csimq.2018-17.03 · Cited by 14
“Combined with this, advice on developing implementation intentions (in situation Y, I will do goal-directed behaviour X), significant enhance goal attainment and is effective in promoting goal striving, preventing goal pursuit from unwanted influences and reducing disengagement [25].”
BackgroundSteinman, S. A., Namaky, N., Toton, S. L., Meissel, E. E. E., John, A. T. S., Pham, N.-H., Werntz, A. J., Valladares, T. L., Gorlin, E. I., Arbus, S., et al. (2020) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-020-10168-3 · Cited by 14
“Building from evidence that implementation intentions (if–then statements) can have strong effects on thought and action (Gollwitzer and Sheeran 2006), in the Implementation Intention condition participants were provided an implementation intention related to generating imagery when completing scenarios, which was exp…”
BackgroundMental contrasting with implementation intentions increases study time for university students
Clark, M., Miller, A., Berry, J., & Cheng, K. (2020) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjep.12396 · Cited by 17
Hayek, J., de Vries, H., Tueni, M., Lahoud, N., Winkens, B., & Schneider, F. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18136928 · Cited by 17
“Research suggests that the intention-behavior relation is dependent on implementation intention and goal setting [97], forming if-then plans or implementation intentions could help overcome the control of habit [98].”
BackgroundMooney, A., Tsotsoros, C. E., Earl, J. K., Hershey, D. A., & Mooney, C. H. (2021) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci10080306 · Cited by 15
Goal setting and monitoring with alcohol and other drug use disorders: Principles and practices
Magill, M., Martino, S., & Wampold, B. E. (2021) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108650 · Cited by 18
The Roles of Busyness and Daily Routine in Medication Management Behaviors Among Older Adults
Klinedinst, T. C., Opsasnick, L. A., Benavente, J. Y., Wolf, M. S., & O’Conor, R. M. (2022) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/07334648221120246 · Cited by 15
“In action planning, patients learn the process of implementation intention, where they specify how, where, and when they complete a desired behavior (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundBox, E., & Dorn, L. (2023) · Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.trf.2023.03.001 · Cited by 14
Exploring cues to sedentary behaviour as processes of physical activity action control
Rhodes, R. E., Blanchard, C. M., & Bellows-Riecken, K. (2007) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2007.03.001 · Cited by 14
The role of thought-content and mood in the preparative benefits of upward counterfactual thinking
Myers, A. L., McCrea, S. M., & Tyser, M. P. (2013) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-013-9362-5 · Cited by 14
“Implementation intentions have been shown to improve goal striving in a variety of domains (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006) and therefore are of great interest to applied researchers.”
BackgroundDesign and Usage of the HeartCycle Education and Coaching Program for Patients With Heart Failure
Stut, W. J. J., Deighan, C., Armitage, W., Clark, M., Cleland, J. G. F., & Jaarsma, T. (2014) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/resprot.3411 · Cited by 14
“Fourth, even when people have sufficient knowledge, initiating and maintaining behavior changes can be challenging [18,19].”
Hughes, J. R., Russ, C., Arteaga, C. E. Q., & Rennard, S. I. (2011) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.08.001 · Cited by 14
“Making intentions more specific and concrete also increases the probability of their completion (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundEiser, C., Johnson, B., Brierley, S., Ayling, K., Young, V., Bottrell, K., Whitehead, V., Elliott, D., Scott, A., & Heller, S. R. (2013) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.12185 · Cited by 14
Metadata
- Authors
- Gollwitzer, P. M., & Sheeran, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- Venue
- Advances in Experimental Social Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Published
- 2006
- Pages
- 69-119
- ISSN
- 0065-2601 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1818536883
- Cited by
- 3,236
- References
- 166
- Citations by year
- 2026: 142 · 2025: 150 · 2024: 192 · 2023: 251 · 2022: 178 · 2021: 196 · 2020: 256 · 2019: 177 · 2018: 185 · 2017: 168 · 2016: 189 · 2015: 188 · 2014: 174 · 2013: 161 · 2012: 144
- FWCI
- 243.46
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- nbn-resolving.de
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Advances in experimental social psychology (publishedVersion)
- KOPS (University of Konstanz) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Keywords
- implementation intentions, goal achievement, goal pursuit, self-regulation, goal-directed behavior
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