The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Dark Triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy
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“because the focus of our research was solely on narcissistic leaders, we did not measure the other two Dark Triad traits (Machiavellianism and psychopathy; Paulhus and Williams, 2002). Therefore, it was not possible to control for these constructs to isolate the unique effects of leader narcissism.”
From Narcissistic Leaders and Their Victims: Followers Low on Self-Esteem and Low on Core Self-Evaluations Suffer Most (2018) · cites this paper as Paulhus and Williams, 2002
In the citing paper
“Fifth, the current study did not associate the Dark Triad (Paulhus and Williams, 2002) of personality traits of narcissism, Machiavellianism and psychopathy with sweet deception.”
From I love you, my AI companion! Do you? Perspectives from the Triangular Theory of Love and Attachment Theory (2026) · cites this paper as Paulhus and Williams, 2002
Citations
Cites
(1999) · Cited by 7,995
Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research
Krueger, R. F., & Johnson, W. (2008) · Cited by 7,884
Handbook of Personality : Theory and Research
Pervin, L. A. (1992) · Cited by 4,543
Christie, R., & Geis, F. L. (1970) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2013-0-10497-7 · Cited by 2,943
A Narcissistic Personality Inventory.
Raskin, R. N., & Hall, C. S. (1979) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1979.45.2.590 · Cited by 1,975 · cited 4×
“Males scored significantly higher on all three of the Dark Triad: Biserial correlations were .11, .21, and .40, for NPI, Mach IV, and SRP, respectively (all significant, p :05, two-tailed).”
InfluentialHandbook of personality psychology
(1997) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.35-1833 · Cited by 1,618
Handbook of personality: Theory and research, 2nd ed.
John, O. P., Robins, R. W., & Pervin, L. A. (1999) · Cited by 1,530
Lilienfeld, S. O., & Andrews, B. P. (1996) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6603_3 · Cited by 1,435
Advances in Personality Assessment
(2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315827612 · Cited by 1,245
Interpersonal and intrapsychic adaptiveness of trait self enhancement: a mixed blessing?
Paulhus, D. L. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1197 · Cited by 1,114
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Paulhus, D. L., Hemphill, J., & Hare, R. (in press). Manual for the Self-report psychopathy scale (SRP-III). Toronto: Multi-Health Systems
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,001–1,018 of 1,018
The Dark Tetrad and online sexual victimization: Enjoying in the distance
Pineda, D., Martínez-Martínez, A., Galán, M., Rico-Bordera, P., & Piqueras, J. A. (2023) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2023.107659 · Cited by 30
Steinert, C., Heim, N., & Leichsenring, F. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.736776 · Cited by 29
Ng, P. M. L., Wan, C., Lee, D., Garnelo-Gomez, I., & Lau, M. M. (2026) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-11-2024-1783 · Cited by 27
Lenzenweger, M. F., Clarkin, J. F., Caligor, E., Cain, N. M., & Kernberg, O. F. (2018) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000492228 · Cited by 24
Leite, Â., Cardoso, S., & Monteiro, A. P. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20126136 · Cited by 21
“The dark triad assesses aversive personality traits: Machiavellianism, psychopathy and narcissism [22,23].”
BackgroundEvolutionary and genetic insights for clinical psychology
Crespi, B. J. (2020) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101857 · Cited by 18
Mahmoodi, A., Nili, H., Harbison, C., Hamilton, S., Trudel, N., Bang, D., & Rushworth, M. F. S. (2023) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2022.12.030 · Cited by 20
“In the real world, non-holistic social inference may be associated with negative social interaction styles and dark-triad personality traits such as Machiavellianism.29 STAR+METHODS Detailed methods are provided in the online version of this paper and include the following: d KEY RESOURCES TABLE d RESOURCE AVAILABILIT…”
BackgroundInfluentialDon't threaten me and my dark side or even self-harm won't stop me from hurting you
Lämmle, L., Oedl, C., & Ziegler, M. (2014) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.12.024 · Cited by 15
Through rose-coloured glasses: An empirical test of narcissistic overestimation
Lobbestael, J., de Bruin, A., Kok, E., & Voncken, M. (2016) · Personality and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/pmh.1347 · Cited by 13
“Nonetheless, it is likely that this study`s implications are also relevant to the clinical form of narcissism, due to the rich body of empirical evidence supporting the continuous nature of both variants (e.g. Paulhus & Williams, 2002).”
BackgroundStructure of darkness: the dark triad, the dark” empathy and the dark’ narcissism.
Gojković, V., Dostanić, J. S., & Đurić, V. (2022) · Primenjena psihologija · doi:10.19090/pp.v15i2.2380 · Cited by 13
“The DT traits were divergently related to distinct forms of empathic deficit, quite in alignment with the original paradigm (Paulhus & Williams, 2002).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialEmotion recognition and moral utilitarianism in the dark triad of personality.
Amiri, S., & Behnezhad, S. (2017) · Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia · doi:10.5114/nan.2017.74142 · Cited by 12
Scott, J., & Barlett, C. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10071156 · Cited by 7
“The Dark Triad is a set of stable personality traits that represent one’s characterization of negative self-relevant attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors [86] and consists of narcissism (grandiose unstable sense of self), psychoticism (high callousness and high empathy), and Machiavellianism (manipulative and selfish [87…”
BackgroundEl papel de la Tríada Oscura en la procrastinación académica y la deshonestidad académica
Hidalgo-Fuentes, S., Martínez-Álvarez, I., & Sospedra-Baeza, M. J. (2022) · Revista Argentina de Ciencias del Comportamiento · doi:10.32348/1852.4206.v14.n3.32398 · Cited by 5
Cold hearts playing with fire: the dark triad, risk-taking and empathy.
Yap, J. Y., & Elizaveta, B. (2021) · Journal of Health and Translational Medicine · doi:10.22452/jummec.vol24no2.11 · Cited by 4
Toxic leadership, overwork and stress: review and integration of the last 15 years
Mishra, R., & Jena, L. K. (2025) · Leadership & Organization Development Journal · doi:10.1108/lodj-02-2025-0140 · Cited by 3
The thinking person’s music: Heavy metal and the need for cognition
Schmaltz, R., Watson, D., & Johnson, A. (2021) · Psychology of Music · doi:10.1177/0305735620956392 · Cited by 4
MedSentry: Understanding and Mitigating Safety Risks in Medical LLM Multi-Agent Systems
Chen, K., Zhen, T., Wang, H., Liu, K., Li, X., Huo, J., Yang, T., Xu, J., Dong, W., & Gao, Y. (2025) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2505.20824 · Cited by 32
“Stage (i) is instantiated with a ten-item scale, distilled from the Dark Triad, PCL-R, and MACH-IV inventories [61, 62, 63, 64].”
(2007) · Cited by 926
Metadata
- Authors
- Paulhus, D. L., & Williams, K. M.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Paulhus, Delroy L
- Venue
- Journal of Research in Personality
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-12
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 556-563
- ISSN
- 0092-6566 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1982777740
- Cited by
- 5,265
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 394 · 2025: 486 · 2024: 444 · 2023: 524 · 2022: 455 · 2021: 465 · 2020: 522 · 2019: 331 · 2018: 306 · 2017: 271 · 2016: 226 · 2015: 202 · 2014: 158 · 2013: 107 · 2012: 100
- FWCI
- 11.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Research in Personality (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- Dark Triad, narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, Big Five personality traits, agreeableness, neuroticism, conscientiousness, cognitive ability, self-enhancement
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