Cited by 5,265Personality Traits and PsychologyPsychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual OffendingPersonality Disorders and Psychopathology

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The Dark Triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy

Paulhus, Delroy L, Williams, Kevin M·2002·Journal of Research in Personality

DOI 10.1016/s0092-6566(02)00505-6

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“Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy (Paulhus & Williams 2002) are examples of traits consistent with an abusive leader.”
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A Critical Appraisal of the Dark-Triad Literature and Suggestions for Moving Forward
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“Indeed, the literature points to an alternative set of personality traits, either as independent constructs (Dark Triad: Jones and Paulhus 2014; Paulhus and Williams 2002) or in conjunction with the other traits (e.”
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Dorian Gray without his portrait: Psychological, social, and physical health costs associated with the Dark Triad
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The influence of the dark triad on the relationship between entrepreneurial attitude orientation and entrepreneurial intention: A study among students in Taiwan University
Do, B., & Dadvari, A. (2017) · Asia Pacific Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.apmrv.2017.07.011 · Cited by 175
“The principal rationale to consider the dark triad is based on the notion that during the start-up phase, due to the nature of challenges facing entrepreneurs, certain capabilities such as narcissism or aggressiveness are required to overcome the situation (Miller, 2015; Paulhus & Williams, 2002).”
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Narcissism and displaced aggression: effects of positive, negative, and delayed feedback.
Martinez, M. A., Zeichner, A., Reidy, D. E., & Miller, J. D. (2008) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2007.07.012 · Cited by 164
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Differential infidelity patterns among the Dark Triad
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Researching the Dark Side, Downside, and Destructive Side of Entrepreneurship: It is the Compassionate Thing to Do!
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“…between the Dark Triad and the Big Five that are (a) regularly found in other work (e.g., Jonason & Webster, 2010; Muris, Merckelbach, Otgaar, & Meijer, 2017; Paulhus & Williams, 2002) and (b) also found when looking at correlations between the established measures and the Big Five (see Table 2).”
Background
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“Other theories used as theoretical frameworks in studies [22,29,62,68,76–78,84] the following: the Beck’s risk society theory [22] [93], the theory of reasoned action [29,94], the uncertainty management theory [62,95], the uncertainty in illness theory [62,96], the protection motivation theory [68,84,97], the conserva…”
Method
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“There has been much empirical research into the correlation between the DT and aggression and violence (Bushman & Baumeister, 1998; Paulhus & Williams, 2002; Jones & Paulhus, 2010; Baughman, Dearing, Giammarco, & Vernon, 2012; Pailing et al., 2014; Westhead & Egan, 2015).”
Background
The Relationship between Grandiose and Vulnerable (Hypersensitive) Narcissism
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“…2017 | Volume 8 | Article 1600 substantial and consistent correlations with extraversion (Raskin and Hall, 1979, 1981; Emmons, 1984; Paulhus, 2001; Paulhus and Williams, 2002; Schütz et al., 2004; Lee and Ashton, 2005; Ackerman et al., 2011; Miller et al., 2011; Roche et al., 2013; Zajenowski et…”
Background
The characteristics of non-criminals with high psychopathy traits: Are they similar to criminal psychopaths?
Mahmut, M. K., Homewood, J., & Stevenson, R. J. (2007) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2007.09.002 · Cited by 155
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“Narcissism includes characteristics such as entitlement and perceived superiority (Paulhus & Williams, 2002).”
Background
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Five-factor model personality disorder research.
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“First, trait narcissism and Machiavellianism, along with trait psychopathy comprise the Dark Triad of personality [16], three non-clinical noxious personality traits that share exploitative tendencies, a manipulative interpersonal style, and a grandiose sense of self-importance [18].”
Background
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Narcissism and empathy in young offenders and non–offenders.
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The role of intergroup disgust in predicting negative outgroup evaluations
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CEO grandiose narcissism and firm performance: The role of organizational identification
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For the Good or the Bad? Interactive Effects of Transformational Leadership with Moral and Authoritarian Leadership Behaviors
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Liar liar pants on fire: Cheater strategies linked to the Dark Triad
Baughman, H. M., Jonason, P. K., Lyons, M. T., & Vernon, P. A. (2014) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.07.019 · Cited by 138
Risk in the face of retribution: Psychopathic individuals persist in financial misbehavior among the Dark Triad
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The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology
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Background
An Integrative Approach to the Assessment of Narcissism
Roche, M. J., Pincus, A. L., Lukowitsky, M. R., Ménard, K. S., & Conroy, D. E. (2013) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2013.770400 · Cited by 133
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“Two of the cluster B personality disorders, Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) and Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD), represent more severe clinical variants of two of the subclinical Dark Triad personality traits (Paulhus and Williams 2002) often examined in organizational studies, narcissism and psychopathy…”
BackgroundInfluential
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Well-being and the Dark Triad
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“…personalities are characterized by disagreeableness, callousness, dishonesty, duplicity, and aggressiveness; they tend to lead a fast and exploitive, rather than a caring and prosocial, life (Furnham, Richards, & Paulhus, 2013; Pabian, De Backer, & Vandebosch, 2015; Paulhus & Williams, 2002).”
Background
Trait Personality Models of Narcissistic Personality Disorder, Grandiose Narcissism, and Vulnerable Narcissism
Miller, J. D., & Maples, J. L. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118093108.ch7 · Cited by 132
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Berkovsky, S., Taib, R., Koprinska, I., Wang, E., Zeng, Y., Li, J., & Kleitman, S. (2019) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3290605.3300451 · Cited by 131
“Influential and nu-merously validated models include the Big-5 Factor model [35] and its extension referred to as the HEXACO model [4], the Reinforcement Sensitivity Model (BIS/BAS) [9], the Dark Triad (D3) [40], and Interpersonal Circumplex [12].”
Method
When the dark ones gain power: perceived position power strengthens the effect of supervisor Machiavellianism on abusive supervision in work teams.
Wisse, B., & Sleebos, E. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.019 · Cited by 175
A Big Tent of Dark Personality Traits
Marcus, D. K., & Zeigler‐Hill, V. (2015) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12185 · Cited by 129
Analyzing the links between problematic social media use, dark triad traits, and self-esteem
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“Paulhus and Williams (2002) have indicated that individuals with varying degrees of DT tend to selfpromote.”
Background
Cross-cultural variations in Big Five relationships with religiosity: A sociocultural motives perspective.
Gebauer, J. E., Bleidorn, W., Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., Lamb, M. E., & Potter, J. (2014) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0037683 · Cited by 145
Occupational niches and the Dark Triad traits
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Authors: Paulhus, D. L., & Williams, K. M.
Affiliations: University of British Columbia (CA)
Corresponding author: Paulhus, Delroy L
ORCID: Paulhus, Delroy L
Williams, Kevin M
Venue: Journal of Research in Personality
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2002-12
Volume: 36
Issue: 6
Pages: 556-563
ISSN: 0092-6566 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0092-6566(02)00505-6
OpenAlex: W1982777740
Cited by: 5,265
References: 37
Citations by year: 2026: 394 · 2025: 486 · 2024: 444 · 2023: 524 · 2022: 455 · 2021: 465 · 2020: 522 · 2019: 331 · 2018: 306 · 2017: 271 · 2016: 226 · 2015: 202 · 2014: 158 · 2013: 107 · 2012: 100
FWCI: 11.51
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Research in Personality (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
Keywords: Dark Triad, narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, Big Five personality traits, agreeableness, neuroticism, conscientiousness, cognitive ability, self-enhancement

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The Dark Triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy

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