Cited by 417Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine3D Printing in Biomedical ResearchBone Tissue Engineering Materials

RETRACTED: Engineered whole organs and complex tissues

Badylak, Stephen F, Weiss, Daniel J, Caplan, Arthur, Macchiarini, Paolo·2012·The Lancet

Abstract

End-stage organ failure is a key challenge for the medical community because of the ageing population and the severe shortage of suitable donor organs available. Equally, injuries to or congenital absence of complex tissues such as the trachea, oesophagus, or skeletal muscle have few therapeutic options. A new approach to treatment involves the use of three-dimensional biological scaffolds made of allogeneic or xenogeneic extracellular matrix derived from non-autologous sources. These scaffolds can act as an inductive template for functional tissue and organ reconstruction after recellularisation with autologous stem cells or differentiated cells. Such an approach has been used successfully for the repair and reconstruction of several complex tissues such as trachea, oesophagus, and skeletal muscle in animal models and human beings, and, guided by appropriate scientific and ethical oversight, could serve as a platform for the engineering of whole organs and other tissues.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60073-7This paper is marked retracted.

Cites

91 of 91 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Collagen- or fibrin-based products are the most established ECMs used clinically to guide regeneration of skin, heart valves, trachea, muscle, and tendon.

    “Collagen- or fibrin-based products are the most established ECMs being used clinically to guide regeneration of different tissues, including skin, heart valves, trachea, muscle, and tendon (71, 139).”

Cites

2 retracted

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 92 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

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Authors
Badylak, S. F., Weiss, D. J., Caplan, A., & Macchiarini, P.
Affiliations
  • University of Pittsburgh (US)
  • University of Vermont (US)
  • University of Pennsylvania (US)
Corresponding author
Macchiarini, Paolo
Venue
The Lancet
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2012-03
Volume
379
Issue
9819
Pages
943-952
ISSN
  • 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
  • 0140-6736
OpenAlex
W2158646376
Cited by
417
References
92
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 57 · 2014: 65 · 2013: 78 · 2012: 23
FWCI
72.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Status
Retracted
Open access
closed
Locations
  • The Lancet (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • the Wallenberg Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Karolinska Institutet/SLL grants (Stockholm, Sweden) and grants from the US National Institutes of Health ((RC4HL106625))
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute ((R21HL094611))
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
Keywords
tissue engineering, extracellular matrix, stem cells, end-stage organ failure, organ shortage, retraction
MeSH terms
Extracellular Matrix, Humans, Bioreactors, Transplants, Tissue Engineering, Tissue Scaffolds

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

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