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Cited by 1,221Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanismsDevelopmental Biology and Gene RegulationPrimate Behavior and Ecology

Translating developmental time across mammalian species

Clancy, B, Darlington, R.B, Finlay, B.L·2001·Neuroscience
DOI 10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00171-3
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Abstract

Conservation of the order in which events occur in developing mammalian brains permits use of regression theory to model the timing of neural development. Following a small adjustment to account for a systematic variability in primate cortical and limbic systems, the model is used to generate a 95-event/nine-species matrix that predicts aspects of neurogenesis and axonal outgrowth in the brains of developing mice, hamsters, rats, spiny mice, rabbits, ferrets, cats, monkeys, and humans. Although data are compiled from species in which the timing of birth and the rate of maturation vary widely, the model proves statistically accurate, with practical implications for improving estimation of milestones of neural development, particularly for humans. Using the three-factor model (species, neural events, and primate adjustments), we produce predictions for the timing of 493 neural occurrences in developing mammalian brains that either have not yet been, or cannot be, empirically derived. We also relate the timing of neural events across the nine species in the form of a reference table calibrated to the development of laboratory rats. This 'translation' table will assist in attempts to equate the neurodevelopmental literature across species with either large or small differences in gestation and maturation, and also permit studies done in a variety of mammals to be applied to better understand human development. The comparative data indicate that humans, although conventionally considered an altricial species, are neurally advanced at birth relative to the other species studied.

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57 of 57 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • The developmental stage P0 in the mouse CNS corresponds to the second prenatal trimester in humans.

    “As this developmental stage in the mouse CNS corresponds to the second prenatal trimester in humans (Clancy et al., 2001), it is of limited clinical relevance.”

    From Recombinant Human Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein Promoter Drives Selective AAV-Mediated Transgene Expression in Oligodendrocytes (2016) · cites this paper as Clancy et al., 2001

  • Because the rodent brain is less mature at birth than the human brain, rat early postnatal maturation is considered analogous to human late gestation maturation.

    “Since the rodent brain is less mature at birth than the human brain, it has been suggested that brain maturation occurring in the early postnatal period in the rat is analogous to maturational changes that occur in humans in late gestation (Clancy et al., 2001).”

    From High pregnancy anxiety during mid-gestation is associated with decreased gray matter density in 6-9-year-old children. (2010) · cites this paper as Clancy et al., 2001

  • In rats, development of the limbic region and cortex on postnatal day 10 corresponds to that of a human fetus in the second to third trimester.

    “development of the limbic region and cortex on postnatal day (PND) 10 in the rat equates to that of a human fetus in the second to third trimester (Clancy et al., 2001).”

    From The effects of early life stress on reward processing (2018) · cites this paper as Clancy et al., 2001

  • Human brain development is protracted compared with other species, so despite having a more mature brain at birth than rats, humans remain vulnerable to insult.

    “development of the human brain is protracted compared to other species (Clancy et al., 2001; Miller et al, 2012; Semple et al., 2013), so despite having a more “mature” brain at birth compared to rats, vulnerability to insult remains.”

    From The effects of early life stress on reward processing (2018) · cites this paper as Clancy et al., 2001

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Authors
Clancy, B., Darlington, R. B., & Finlay, B. L.
Affiliations
Cornell University (US)
Corresponding author
Finlay, B.L
ORCID
Venue
Neuroscience
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2001-07
Volume
105
Issue
1
Pages
7-17
ISSN
0306-4522 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00171-3
OpenAlex
W2155471406
Cited by
1,221
References
57
Citations by year
2026: 27 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 74 · 2019: 69 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 57 · 2016: 62 · 2015: 69 · 2014: 59 · 2013: 69 · 2012: 60
FWCI
3.81
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T32 MN 19389)
  • U.S. Public Health Service (R01 19245)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
Keywords
developmental milestones, regression theory, comparative neuroanatomy, neurogenesis, axon growth, human brain development, altriciality, species comparison
MeSH terms
Aging, Animals, Brain, Cell Differentiation, Cell Division, Humans, Mammals, Models, Neurological, Phylogeny, Reproducibility of Results, Statistical Distributions, Body Patterning

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