Cited by 170Prenatal Substance Exposure EffectsReading and Literacy DevelopmentSmoking Behavior and Cessation

Reading and language in 9- to 12-year olds prenatally exposed to cigarettes and marijuana

Fried, Peter A., Watkinson, Barbara, Siegel, Linda S.·1997·Neurotoxicology and Teratology

Abstract

Facets of reading and language were examined in 131 9- to 12-year-old children for whom prenatal exposure to marijuana and cigarettes had been ascertained. The subjects were from a low-risk, predominantly middle class sample who are participants in an ongoing longitudinal study. Discriminant Function Analysis revealed a dose-dependent association that remained after controlling for potential confounds, between prenatal cigarette exposure and lower language and lower reading scores, particularly on auditory-related aspects of this latter measure. The findings are interpreted as consistent with earlier observations of an association between cigarette smoking during pregnancy and altered auditory functioning in the offspring. Similarities and differences between the reading observations and dyslexia are discussed. Maternal prenatal passive smoke exposure did not appear to contribute to either the language or reading outcomes at this age but postnatal secondhand smoke exposure by the child was associated with poorer language scores. Prenatal marijuana exposure was not significantly related to either the reading or language outcomes.

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Crossref · 10.1016/s0892-0362(97)00015-9

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Authors
Fried, P. A., Watkinson, B., & Siegel, L. S.
Affiliations
  • Carleton University (CA)
  • University of British Columbia (CA)
Corresponding author
Fried, Peter A.
Venue
Neurotoxicology and Teratology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1997-05
Volume
19
Issue
3
Pages
171-183
ISSN
0892-0362 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2094620176
Cited by
170
References
45
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 5
FWCI
7.33
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Neurotoxicology and Teratology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute on Drug Abuse
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Keywords
prenatal cannabis exposure, reading skills, language development, auditory processing, passive smoking, dyslexia, smoking during pregnancy, children aged 9-12
MeSH terms
Child, Cognition, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Language Development, Marijuana Smoking, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Prospective Studies, Reading, Smoking, Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic

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