Acute effects of intravenous and rectal acetate on glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY, ghrelin, adiponectin and tumour necrosis factor-α
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In animals, colonic infusion of SCFA does not affect glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) release whereas intravenous infusion does and SCFA may directly stimulate peptide YY (PYY) release. It is unknown whether SCFA and their route of administration affect human blood concentrations of GLP-1 and PYY. Our aim was to conduct a pilot study to determine the effects of intravenous and rectal acetate on blood concentrations of GLP-1, PYY, ghrelin, adiponectin and TNF-α in hyperinsulinaemic human subjects. Six hyperinsulinaemic female subjects were given 20 mmol sodium acetate intravenously, 60 mmol acetate rectally, or normal saline rectally or intravenously on four separate occasions in randomised order, with blood samples collected at 0, 10, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min. Change in plasma PYY was significantly higher after acetate and rectal infusions (9·69 and 13·78 pg/ml) compared with saline and intravenous (0·60 and − 3·1 pg/ml; P < 0·01), respectively. Change in plasma GLP-1 was increased by rectal and acetate infusions (0·25 and 0·23 mmol/l) v. intravenous and saline ( − 0·26 and − 0·19 mmol/l; P < 0·01). Acetate decreased TNF-α v. saline ( − 0·8 and 0·15 pg/ml; P < 0·05). Rectal infusions increased TNF-α and ghrelin (0·2 and 98·27 pg/ml) v. intravenous ( − 0·9 and − 40 pg/ml; P < 0·01). There was no effect of treatment on plasma adiponectin. These preliminary results suggest that acetate raises plasma PYY and GLP-1, and suppresses TNF-α. Also, distending the rectum increases PYY, GLP-1, TNF-α and ghrelin in hyperinsulinaemic females. Increasing colonic fermentation products, particularly acetate, could yield a new mechanism for modifying weight gain.
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Acute rectal infusions of sodium acetate and SCFA mixtures increased circulating concentrations of PYY in overweight individuals.
“Although limited, some of these results were confirmed in human in vivo studies, as showed that acute rectal infusions of sodium acetate and SCFA mixtures increased circulating concentrations of PYY in individuals who were overweight (197–199).”
From The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids From Gut Microbiota in Gut-Brain Communication (2020) · cites this paper as [198]
The Peptide YY results and Discussion report that acute rectal acetate infusion raised plasma PYY in hyperinsulinaemic, overweight women. This study tested acetate, not SCFA mixtures, so it supports only the acetate part of the claim. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Freeland, K. R., & Wolever, T. M. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- St. Michael's Hospital (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Wolever, Thomas M. S.
- Venue
- British Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2009-10-12
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 460-466
- ISSN
- 0007-1145 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2662
- OpenAlex
- W1983518876
- Cited by
- 275
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 6.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal Of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (64648_1)
- Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- short-chain fatty acids, acetate, glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY, ghrelin, adiponectin, TNF-α, rectal infusion, intravenous infusion, route of administration, hyperinsulinemia, colonic fermentation, gut-brain axis, weight gain
- MeSH terms
- Acetates, Administration, Rectal, Adult, Blood Glucose, Female, Humans, Injections, Intravenous, Insulin, Kinetics, Middle Aged, Random Allocation, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Patient Selection, Cross-Over Studies, Sodium Acetate, Peptide YY, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, Adiponectin, Ghrelin
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