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Can probiotics modulate human disease by impacting intestinal barrier function?
Open accessAbstract
Intestinal barrier integrity is a prerequisite for homeostasis of mucosal function, which is balanced to maximise absorptive capacity, while maintaining efficient defensive reactions against chemical and microbial challenges. Evidence is mounting that disruption of epithelial barrier integrity is one of the major aetiological factors associated with several gastrointestinal diseases, including infection by pathogens, obesity and diabetes, necrotising enterocolitis, irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. The notion that specific probiotic bacterial strains can affect barrier integrity fuelled research in which in vitro cell lines, animal models and clinical trials are used to assess whether probiotics can revert the diseased state back to homeostasis and health. This review catalogues and categorises the lines of evidence available in literature for the role of probiotics in epithelial integrity and, consequently, their beneficial effect for the reduction of gastrointestinal disease symptoms.
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“There is substantial evidence that probiotics can strengthen the intestinal barrier, regulate mucosal immune function, and produce metabolites beneficial to the host to maintain health, as illustrated in Figure 1 [22,23].”
From Probiotics Regulate Gut Microbiota: An Effective Method to Improve Immunity (2021) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“a variety of studies do suggest that probiotics are able to improve mucosal barrier function (Bron et al., 2017).”
From Viral Infections, the Microbiome, and Probiotics (2021) · cites this paper as Bron et al., 2017
In the citing paper
“There is compelling evidence that probiotics are able to support the intestinal barrier (Bron et al., 2017), which may act to dampen the increased inflammatory tone seen in aging and enhance the immune response to viral infections and vaccinations.”
From Viral Infections, the Microbiome, and Probiotics (2021) · cites this paper as Bron et al., 2017
In the citing paper
“The GI microbiome is thought to be a key player in this process as it is essential for the proper maintenance of the intestinal barrier through various mechanisms, e.g., production of SCFA (Bron et al., 2017) as well as tryptophan metabolites (Rothhammer and Quintana, 2019).”
From Viral Infections, the Microbiome, and Probiotics (2021) · cites this paper as Bron et al., 2017
In the citing paper
“Similar as the endogenous microbiota, probiotics may improve mucosal barrier function, limiting the ability of viral particles to cross this physical barrier and maintain this barrier during viral disease (Bron et al., 2017).”
From Viral Infections, the Microbiome, and Probiotics (2021) · cites this paper as Bron et al., 2017
In the citing paper
“Numerous pre-clinical studies have shown that oral probiotics are capable of positively influencing gut barrier function and systemic immunity, and thus, in the case of pneumonia, may enhance the host’s ability to suppress and clear reproducing lung pathogens as they emerge (Bron et al., 2017) (Forsythe, 2014).”
From Viral Infections, the Microbiome, and Probiotics (2021) · cites this paper as Bron et al., 2017
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Bhuiyan, M. N. I. (2026) · The Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.microb.2026.100765
Zhang, X., Liu, X., Lu, S., Zhang, Z., Gao, W., Zhang, X. X., 鲁兴萌, Yang, L., & Cai, T. (2026) · Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.107262
张, 燕. (2026) · Traditional Chinese Medicine · doi:10.12677/tcm.2026.157364
Wang, N., Song, F., Chen, H., & Li, X. (2026) · Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark · doi:10.31083/fbl48167
Probiotics in Autoimmune Disease: Strain-specific Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives
Zhou, J., Cao, J., Dong, S., Li, H., Yang, S., Yan, Z., Wang, C., Pei, Y., Su, Y., Wen, B., et al. (2026) · Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology · doi:10.1007/s12016-026-09190-2
“Studies have shown that Saccha - romyces boulardii secretes a protease capable of directly degrading bacterial toxins and their receptors, while competitively inhibiting pathogen colonization in the gut [196].”
El-Bassyouni, H. T., Zarouk, W. A., Eldeen, G. N., Elkalla, W. S., Sokkar, M. F., Lotfy, R. S., & Mansour, N. M. (2026) · Gene Reports · doi:10.1016/j.genrep.2026.102623
Veciana-Galindo, C., Núñez-Delegido, E., González-Santos, J., Agüera-Santos, J., Navarro‐López, V., & Alberola-Jordá, I. (2026) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1882392
MURAI, Y., Iwasawa, T., Takeda, S., Ohki, K., Kato, K., & Ito, T. (2026) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1933552
Vijverman, L., Maddalena, T., Delrue, C., & Speeckaert, M. M. (2026) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines14102143
“Overall, these mechanisms promote sugar fermentation, increase SCFA production, minimize protein-bound uremic toxins, and reduce overall inflammation [8,108,109].”
Saloni, T., Chaithra, N., & Umamaheshwari, S. (2026) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2026.1894309
“Furthermore, probiotics can in fl uence innate and adaptive immune pathways, including Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated signalling, NF-k B activation, and IL-17-dependent antifungal immunity, which are critical for mucosal defense against Candida albicans (Conti and Gaffen, 2015; Bron et al., 2017).”
Jain, D. L., Kudera, T., Maršík, P., Polesný, Z., & Kokoška, L. (2026) · Veterinary Research Communications · doi:10.1007/s11259-026-11534-4
“…activity of ethnoveterinary plant extracts, antibiotic growth promoters, antibiotics, phytochemicals and their synthetic analogues against diarrhoea-associated and probiotic-bacteria of livestock Dhiraj Lakhichand Jain 1 · Tomas Kudera 1 · Petr Marsik 2 · Zbynek Polesny 1 · Ladislav Kokoska 1”
Extracts of okra mucilage protect intestinal homeostasis through gut microbiota and immune responses
Qing, M., Sun, B., Li, Y., Meng, Z., Lu, Q., Li, K., & Chen, G. (2026) · Journal of Natural Medicines · doi:10.1007/s11418-026-02083-w
“Disruption of intestinal barrier integrity is closely associated with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), metabolic syndrome, and age-related dysfunction [ 6].”
Probiotics in Atopic Dermatitis: Does Gut Microbiome Modulation Enhance Skin Condition?
Łukańko, K., Blachucik, A., Marciniak, W., Biegańska, K., & Nowicka, J. (2026) · Postępy Mikrobiologii - Advancements of Microbiology · doi:10.2478/am-2026-0013
Administering Lactobacillus helveticus H9 Alleviates Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis in Rats
Zhang, W., Feng, C., Zhang, T., Kwok, L., & He, Q. (2026) · Fermentation · doi:10.3390/fermentation12110503
Metadata
- Authors
- Bron, P. A., Kleerebezem, M., Brummer, R.-J., Cani, P. D., Mercenier, A., MacDonald, T. T., Garcia-Ródenas, C. L., & Wells, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Nederlands Instituut Voor Zuivel Oonderzoek (NL)
- Wageningen University & Research (NL)
- Örebro University (SE)
- Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (BE)
- Nestlé (Switzerland) (CH)
- Queen Mary University of London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Bron, Peter A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- British Journal Of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2017-01-14
- Volume
- 117
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 93-107
- ISSN
- 0007-1145 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2662
- PMC
- PMC5297585
- OpenAlex
- W2573938105
- Cited by
- 499
- References
- 232
- Citations by year
- 2026: 54 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 67 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 19
- FWCI
- 4.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- British Journal Of Nutrition (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Digital Access to Libraries (Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), l'Université de Namur (UNamur) and the Université Saint-Louis (USL-B)) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS (WELBIO-CR-2012S-02R)
- Walloon excellence in life sciences and biotechnology
- FP7 Ideas: European Research Council (336452)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- probiotics, intestinal barrier function, epithelial barrier integrity, mucosal homeostasis, gastrointestinal diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, necrotizing enterocolitis, obesity, diabetes mellitus, pathogen infection
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Intestinal Diseases, Intestines, Probiotics
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