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Cited by 483Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesMental Health Treatment and AccessPsychological Treatments and Disorders

Loss, humiliation and entrapment among women developing depression: a patient and non-patient comparison

Brown, G. W., Harris, T. O., Hepworth, C.·1995·Psychological Medicine
DOI 10.1017/s003329170002804x
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Abstract

Synopsis: This paper is part of a series dealing with the role of life events in the onset of depressive disorders. Women who developed depression in a general population sample in Islington in North London are contrasted with a National Health Service-treated series of depressed patients in the same area. Findings among the latter confirm the importance of a severely threatening provoking event for onset among the majority of depressed women patients. The results for the two series are similar except for a small subgroup of patients characterized by a melancholic/psychotic condition with a prior episode. The severe events of importance have been recognized for some time by the traditional ratings of the Life Events and Difficulty Schedule (LEDS). However, the full descriptive material collected by the LEDS has been used to develop a new refined measure reflecting the likelihood of feelings of humiliation and being trapped following a severely threatening event, in addition to existing measures of loss or danger. The experience of humiliation and entrapment was important in provoking depression in both the patient and non-patient series. It proved to be associated with a far greater risk of depression than the experience of loss or danger without humiliation or entrapment.

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Crossref · 10.1017/s003329170002804x

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49 of 49 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Major life events involving interpersonal loss are the most common precipitants of MDD, with up to 44% of depressive episodes being preceded by such stress.

    “major life events involving interpersonal loss are the most common precipitants of MDD, with up to 44% of depressive episodes being preceded by such stress”

    From From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder: A social signal transduction theory of depression. (2014) · cites this paper as Brown, Harris, & Hepworth, 1995

  • Recent psychosocial adversity (life events) often triggers the timing of depression onset, mainly in the context of earlier psychosocial or familial vulnerability.

    “recent psychosocial adversity (life-events) often plays a triggering role in timing the onset of depression, but mainly in the context earlier psychosocial or familial vulnerability (Brown et al., 1987;Brown et al., 1995;Farmer et al., 2003).”

    From Affective Cognition and its Disruption in Mood Disorders (2011) · cites this paper as Brown et al., 1995

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Authors
Brown, G. W., Harris, T. O., & Hepworth, C.
Affiliations
  • University of London (GB)
  • Royal Holloway University of London (GB)
Corresponding author
Brown, G. W.
Venue
Psychological Medicine
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
1995-01
Volume
25
Issue
1
Pages
7-21
ISSN
  • 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-8978
DOI
10.1017/s003329170002804x
OpenAlex
W1974119954
Cited by
483
References
49
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 22
FWCI
17.33
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 5303 d)
Locations
  • Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Disorders
Keywords
depression onset, women, life events, humiliation, entrapment, loss, danger, endogenous depression, psychotic depression, risk factors for depression
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Depressive Disorder, Female, Gender Identity, Grief, Humans, Internal-External Control, Life Change Events, London, Middle Aged, Object Attachment, Personality Inventory, Prospective Studies, Psychometrics, Psychotic Disorders, Risk Factors, Self Concept, Social Environment

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