Neural correlates of trait anxiety in fear extinction
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Fear conditioning involves the amygdala as the main neural structure for learning fear responses whereas fear extinction mainly activates the inhibitory prefrontal cortex (PFC). In this study we investigated whether individual differences in trait anxiety affect amygdala and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) activation during fear conditioning and extinction. METHOD: Thirty-two healthy subjects were investigated by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 3 T while performing a cued fear-conditioning task. All participants completed the trait version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T). Activations of the amygdala and the dACC were examined with respect to the effects of trait anxiety. RESULTS: Analysis of the fMRI data demonstrated enhanced activation in fear-related brain areas, such as the insula and the ACC, during both fear conditioning and extinction. Activation of the amygdala appeared only during the late acquisition phase whereas deactivation was observed during extinction. Regression analyses revealed that highly trait-anxious subjects exhibited sustained amygdala activation and reduced dACC involvement during the extinction of conditioned responses. CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals that high levels of trait anxiety are associated with both increased amygdala activation and reduced dACC recruitment during the extinction of conditioned fear. This hyper-responsivity of the amygdala and the deficient cognitive control during the extinction of conditioned fear in anxious subjects reflect an increased resistance to extinct fear responses and may thereby enhance the vulnerability to developing anxiety disorders.
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Studies examining the extinction of contextual fear have implicated a larger role for the dACC.
“Although an emphasis has been placed on the role of subgenual and rostral ACC in the modulation of amygdala activation during extinction of cue conditioned fear in studies of human fear conditioning (Delgado et al., 2008; Milad et al., 2007; Phelps et al., 2004), studies examining the extinction of contextual fear have implicated a larger role for the dACC (Lang et al., 2009; Sehlmeyer et al., 201”
From Neural correlates of emotion acceptance<i>vs</i>worry or suppression in generalized anxiety disorder (2017) · cites this paper as Sehlmeyer et al., 2011
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Self-citationNeural correlates of emotion acceptance<i>vs</i>worry or suppression in generalized anxiety disorder
Ellard, K. K., Barlow, D. H., Whitfield-Gabrieli, S., Gabrieli, J. D. E., & Deckersbach, T. (2017) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsx025 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“…extinction of cue conditioned fear in studies of human fear conditioning (Delgado et al., 2008; Milad et al., 2007; Phelps et al., 2004), studies examining the extinction of contextual fear have implicated a larger role for the dACC (Lang et al., 2009; Sehlmeyer et al., 2011; Maier et al., 2012).”
BackgroundMorriss, J., Wake, S., Lindner, M., McSorley, E., & Dodd, H. (2020) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.04.012 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
- Authors
- Sehlmeyer, C., Dannlowski, U., Schöning, S., Kugel, H., Pyka, M., Pfleiderer, B., Zwitserlood, P., Schiffbauer, H., Heindel, W., Arolt, V., & Konrad, C.
- Affiliations
- University Hospital Münster (DE)
- University of Münster (DE)
- University Hospital Bonn (DE)
- Philipps University of Marburg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Konrad, C.
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2010-06-16
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 789-798
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- OpenAlex
- W2054434123
- Cited by
- 165
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 7.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- trait anxiety, fear extinction, fear conditioning, amygdala, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, individual differences, cognitive control, insula, neural correlates
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Amygdala, Anxiety, Arousal, Brain Mapping, Conditioning, Classical, Extinction, Psychological, Fear, Female, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Nerve Net, Oxygen, Personality Inventory, Temperament, Prefrontal Cortex, Young Adult
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Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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