Concurrent and lasting effects of emotion regulation on amygdala response in adolescence and young adulthood
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This study used functional MRI (fMRI) to examine a novel aspect of emotion regulation in adolescent development: whether age predicts differences in both the concurrent and lasting effects of emotion regulation on amygdala response. In the first,active regulation, phase of the testing session,fMRI data were collected while 56 healthy individuals (age range: 10.50–22.92 years) reappraised aversive stimuli so as to diminish negative responses to them. After a short delay, the second,re‐presentation, phase involved passively viewing the aversive images from the reappraisal task. During active regulation, older individuals showed greater drops in negative affect and inverse rostrolateral prefrontal‐amygdala connectivity. During re‐presentation, older individuals continued to show lasting reductions in the amygdala response to aversive stimuli they had previously reappraised, an effect mediated by rostrolateral PFC. These data suggest that one source of heightened emotionality in adolescence is a diminished ability to cognitively down‐regulate aversive reactions.
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On voluntary emotion regulation tasks, TD youth show greater amygdala downregulation, increased lPFC recruitment, and increased amygdala-lPFC coupling with age.
“On voluntary emotion regulation (reappraisal) tasks, TD youth show greater amygdala downregulation [28–30], increased lateral (l)PFC recruitment, and increased amygdala-lPFC coupling [26,28] with age.”
From Trauma, PTSD, and the Developing Brain (2017) · cites this paper as [28]
The Discussion reports greater amygdala downregulation and stronger inverse amygdala–rostrolateral PFC connectivity with age during active reappraisal. The Results (Imaging results) found no age-related increase in prefrontal recruitment during active regulation; greater rostrolateral PFC recruitment was associated with age only when participants later viewed previously reappraised images. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredTD youth show increased ability to regulate negative emotion with age.
“TD youth also show increased ability to regulate negative emotion with age.”
From Trauma, PTSD, and the Developing Brain (2017) · cites this paper as [28]
Effects of explicit-controlled regulation may last from minutes to days, depending on the degree of regulatory practice.
“The effects of explicit-controlled regulation may last from minutes to days, depending on the degree of regulatory practice (Shurick et al., 2012; Denny and Ochsner, 2014; Silvers et al., 2014; Denny et al., 2015).”
From Explicit and implicit emotion regulation: a multi-level framework (2017) · cites this paper as Silvers et al., 2014
The ability to regulate emotion improves with age.
“Developmental studies find that the ability to regulate emotion improves with age.”
From The neuroscience of emotion regulation development: Implications for education (2016) · cites this paper as [27]
Amygdala-prefrontal functional connectivity increases with age.
“Amygdala-prefrontal functional connectivity also increases with age, suggesting that stronger cortical-subcortical relationships underlie age-related increases in successful emotion regulation [27,28].”
From The neuroscience of emotion regulation development: Implications for education (2016) · cites this paper as [27]
The behavioral ability to down-regulate negative emotion, decrease amygdala activation, and increase activity in lateral prefrontal regions tracks with age.
“Data suggest that the behavioral ability to down-regulate negative emotion, decrease amygdala activation [25] and increase activity in lateral prefrontal regions tracks with age [26,27].”
From The neuroscience of emotion regulation development: Implications for education (2016) · cites this paper as [27]
Weaker or less organized functional and structural connectivity between these brain regions in childhood may contribute to increased difficulty with emotion regulation.
“Weaker or less organized functional and structural connectivity between these brain regions in childhood may also be contributing toward increased difficulty with emotion regulation [55–57].”
From The neuroscience of emotion regulation development: Implications for education (2016) · cites this paper as [55]
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“Similarly, stronger negative functional connectivity (Silvers et al., 2014) and increased mPFC recruitment (McRae et al., 2012) parallel improvements in emotion regulation with age.”
BackgroundSilvers, J. A., Insel, C., Powers, A., Franz, P., Helion, C., Martin, R., Weber, J., Mischel, W., Casey, B. J., & Ochsner, K. N. (2017) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2016.06.005 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citationMcLaughlin, K. A., Garrad, M. C., & Somerville, L. H. (2015) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2015.17.4/kmclaughlin · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Capacity and tendency: A neuroscientific framework for the study of emotion regulation
Silvers, J. A., & Moreira, J. F. G. (2017) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2017.09.017 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
“recruitment during reappraisal [77,102,110], but it is unknown how regions like dlPFC might attenuate amygdala activity given scarce direct connections between them [36,37].”
Self-citationHeller, A. S., & Casey, B. J. (2015) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/desc.12373 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Neurocognitive Development of Motivated Behavior: Dynamic Changes across Childhood and Adolescence
Gee, D. G., Bath, K. G., Johnson, C. M., Meyer, H. C., Murty, V. P., van den Bos, W., & Hartley, C. A. (2018) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1674-18.2018 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“…Payne et al., 2010) and functional (Graham et al., 2016; Rogers et al., 2017; Gabard-Durnam et al., 2018) maturation; however, its functioning shifts across human development (Hare et al., 2008; Decety et al., 2012; Gee et al., 2013b; Swartz et al., 2014; Vink et al., 2014; Silvers et al., 2015).”
BackgroundPeer facilitation of emotion regulation in adolescence
Sahi, R. S., Eisenberger, N. I., & Silvers, J. A. (2023) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101262 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
“Existing neuroimaging studies on age-related differences in cognitive reappraisal suggest that the neurodevelopmental trajectory of the LPFC may explain adolescents’ still-immature emotion regulation ability (Silvers et al., 2015; 2016).”
BackgroundSelf-citationMorawetz, C., Alexandrowicz, R., & Heekeren, H. (2017) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000215 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“It has previously been demonstrated that age affects changes in brain activity during reappraisal (Allard & Kensinger, 2014; McRae et al., 2012a; Opitz et al., 2012; Silvers et al., 2015; Winecoff et al., 2011).”
BackgroundResultFowler, C. H., Miernicki, M. E., Rudolph, K. D., & Telzer, E. H. (2017) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2017.09.002 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
“…rumination is a state-level process that occurs in response to a specific stressor, individuals may develop a tendency to respond to stressful events with stress-reactive rumination—an inclination that has been linked to increased risk for depressive symptoms in youth (Skitch and Abela, 2008).”
BackgroundBo, K., Kraynak, T. E., Kwon, M., Sun, M. M. C., Gianaros, P. J., & Wager, T. D. (2024) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-024-01605-7 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“Other studies have found that amygdala responses during passive viewing are reduced when participants previously reappraised a particular image 88,89 .”
Hunting for What Works: Adolescents in Addiction Treatment
Silvers, J. A., Squeglia, L. M., Thomsen, K. R., Hudson, K. A., & Ewing, S. W. F. (2019) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.13984 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“The precise age at which adolescents achieve adult-like performance differs for social and nonsocial stimuli (Silvers et al., 2012), as well as for appetitive and aversive stimuli (Silvers et al., 2017, Silvers et al., 2014).”
BackgroundSelf-citationBrain activation during emotion regulation in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Petersen, N., Ghahremani, D. G., Rapkin, A. J., Berman, S. M., Liang, L., & London, E. D. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291717003270 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“…(Wager et al. 2008; Kohn et al. 2014), middle frontal gyrus (Wager et al. 2008; Buhle et al. 2014; Kohn et al. 2014; Silvers et al. 2015), precuneus (Goldin et al. 2008; Wager et al. 2008; Buhle et al. 2014; Silvers et al. 2015), and frontal pole (Wager et al. 2008) (see online Supplementary Fig.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialWillner, C. J., Hoffmann, J. D., Bailey, C. S., Harrison, A. P., Garcia, B., Ng, Z. J., Cipriano, C., & Brackett, M. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.875964 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“, 2017), 10–23 years (Silvers et al., 2015), 15–25 years (Stephanou et al.”
BackgroundHard to look on the bright side: Neural correlates of impaired emotion regulation in depressed youth
Stephanou, K., Davey, C. G., Kerestes, R., Whittle, S., & Harrison, B. J. (2017) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsx039 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“…impact of depression on developmentally mediated improvements in reappraisal ability and topdown regulation of the amygdala previously reported to occur across this age period (Pitskel et al., 2011; Silvers et al., 2012, 2015; Vink et al., 2014; Martin and Ochsner, 2016; Stephanou et al., 2016).”
BackgroundPreschool- and School-Age Irritability Predict Reward-Related Brain Function
Dougherty, L. R., Schwartz, K. T. G., Kryza‐Lacombe, M., Weisberg, J., Spechler, P. A., & Wiggins, J. L. (2018) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2018.03.012 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
VanTieghem, M., Gabard-Durnam, L. J., Goff, B., Flannery, J., Humphreys, K. L., Telzer, E. H., Caldera, C., Louie, J., Shapiro, M., Bolger, N. P., et al. (2017) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579417000153 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
The role of empathy in experiencing vicarious anxiety.
Shu, J., Hassell, S., Weber, J., Ochsner, K. N., & Mobbs, D. (2017) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/xge0000335 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationInhibitory control of emotional processing: Theoretical and empirical considerations
Bartholomew, M. E., Heller, W., & Miller, G. A. (2019) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.03.015 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Warren, S. L., Zhang, Y., Duberg, K., Mistry, P. K., Cai, W., Qin, S., Bostan, S.-N., Padmanabhan, A., Carrión, V. G., & Menon, V. (2020) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.02.011 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“The amygdala detects and encodes e motionally salient stimuli and mediates threat learning and vigilance (12), while adaptive responses to emotionally negative stimuli are thought to be regulated by the DLPFC along with coo rdinated interactions among other PFC regions, attenuating or heightening affective respo n e (…”
BackgroundRogers, C. R., Chen, X., Kwon, S., McElwain, N. L., & Telzer, E. H. (2021) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101046 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Piero, L. B. D., Saxbe, D., & Margolin, G. (2016) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2016.03.005 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Brandl, F., Corbi, Z. L. H., Bratec, S. M., & Sorg, C. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.07.008 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Adolescence and “Late Blooming” Synapses of the Prefrontal Cortex
Delevich, K., Thomas, A. W., & Wilbrecht, L. (2018) · Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology · doi:10.1101/sqb.2018.83.037507 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“…Lai et al. 2012; Cho et al. 2013; Janak and Tye 2015; Pattwell et al. 2016) with greater recruitment of the frontal cortex and enhanced negative functional connectivity between frontal cortex and amygdala accompanying better emotion regulation with age (McRae et al. 2012; Silvers et al. 2015).”
The brain bases of emotion generation and emotion regulation
Zhang, J., Bo, K., Wager, T. D., & Gross, J. J. (2025) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2025.04.013 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
LeWinn, K. Z., Strigo, I. A., Connolly, C. G., Ho, T. C., Tymofiyeva, O., Sacchet, M. D., Weng, H. Y., Blom, E. H., Simmons, A. N., & Yang, T. T. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.020 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“, 2012), likely due to the developmental time course of corticolimbic circuitry and a diminished ability to use cognitive strategies to down regulate emotional responses during adolescence (Silvers et al., 2015; Stephanou et al., 2016).”
BackgroundInfluentialRudolph, K. D., Skymba, H. V., Modi, H. H., Davis, M. M., Sze, W. Y., Rosswurm, C. P., & Telzer, E. H. (2020) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.22022 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Willinger, D., Karipidis, I. I., Häberling, I. S., Berger, G. E., Walitza, S., & Brem, S. (2022) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-022-01955-5 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“Given that these connections have been previously described as excitatory in healthy adults [36, 70, 71], we hypothesize that these functional connections are subject to a developmental change, consistent with maturational fine-tuning of brain connectivity across adolescence [72, 73].”
BackgroundMueller, S. C., Cromheeke, S., Šiugždaitė, R., & Boehler, C. N. (2017) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2017.06.004 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“, 2011) and topdown regulation of negative affect (Silvers et al., 2015).”
Sex differences and brain development during puberty and adolescence
Peper, J. S., Burke, S., & Wierenga, L. M. (2020) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-64123-6.00003-5 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Implications of the Research Domain Criteria project for childhood anxiety and its disorders
Lebowitz, E. R., Gee, D. G., Pine, D. S., & Silverman, W. K. (2018) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2018.01.005 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Ip, K. I., Sisk, L. M., Horien, C. L., Conley, M. I., Rapuano, K. M., Rosenberg, M. D., Greene, A. S., Scheinost, D., Constable, R. T., Casey, B., et al. (2022) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01826 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“…directionality of connectivity remains unclear, some evidence suggests that a shift towardmore strongly negative couplingwithin this circuitry may reflect neural maturation of top–down processes to regulate negative affect (Silvers et al., 2015, 2017; Wu et al., 2016; Gee, Humphreys, et al., 2013).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialBloom, P. A., VanTieghem, M., Gabard-Durnam, L. J., Gee, D. G., Flannery, J., Caldera, C., Goff, B., Telzer, E. H., Humphreys, K. L., Fareri, D. S., et al. (2022) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.25847 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Casey, B. J., Simmons, C., Somerville, L. H., & Baskin-sommers, A. R. (2021) · Annual Review of Criminology · doi:10.1146/annurev-criminol-030920-113250 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“…Leijenhorst et al. 2010), emotional reactivity (Breiner et al. 2018, Dreyfuss et al. 2014, Hare et al. 2008, Heller et al. 2016, Monk et al. 2003), and emotional regulation (Cohen et al. 2016a; Gee et al. 2013; McRae et al. 2012; Pozzi et al. 2021; Silvers et al. 2015, 2017; van Hoorn et al. 2019).”
BackgroundMcKone, K. M. P., Edershile, E. A., Ladouceur, C. D., & Silk, J. S. (2022) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579422001079 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Developmental differences in the neural mechanisms of facial emotion labeling
Wiggins, J. L., Adleman, N. E., Kim, P., Oakes, A. H., Hsu, D., Reynolds, R. C., Chen, G., Pine, D. S., Brotman, M. A., & Leibenluft, E. (2015) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsv101 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“This will be particularly important to investigate with regard to age-related differences, given that adolescents and adults have been shown to differentially recruit ventrolateral prefrontal cortex during cognitive regulation of negative social emotion (Silvers et al., 2014) as well as in numerous cognitive control s…”
BackgroundWillinger, D., Karipidis, I. I., Beltrani, S., Pietro, S. V. D., Sladky, R., Walitza, S., Stämpfli, P., & Brem, S. (2019) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0079-19.2019 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“…but also in integrating affective and contextual information, i.e., bottom-up and top-down signals, to support generation of affective meaning (Delgado et al., 2008; Ochsner et al., 2009; Roy et al., 2012; Etkin et al., 2015; Silvers et al., 2015; Comte et al., 2016; Lindquist et al., 2016).”
BackgroundGhahremani, D. G., Faulkner, P., Cox, C. M., & London, E. D. (2018) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-018-0019-7 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“…stimuli can reduce cigarette craving and are in line with results from studies which used the same distancing strategy in the context of emotion regulation, such that imagined distance confers reduced negative feelings (Silvers et al, 2014; Silvers et al, 2012; Silvers et al, 2015).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialGee, D. G., Hanson, C., Caglar, L. R., Fareri, D. S., Gabard-Durnam, L. J., Mills‐Finnerty, C., Goff, B., Caldera, C., Lumian, D. S., Flannery, J., et al. (2022) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/desc.13238 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“…functional connectivity around the transition from childhood to adolescence (Gabard-Durnam et al., 2014; Gee, Humphreys, et al., 2013; Silvers et al., 2015; Spielberg et al., 2015;Wu et al., 2016), which parallels the maturation of emotional behavior and reductions in amygdala…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialVilgis, V., Gelardi, K. L., Helm, J. L., Forbes, E. E., Hipwell, A. E., Keenan, K. E., & Guyer, A. E. (2018) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.13023 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Moreira, J. F. G., McLaughlin, K. A., & Silvers, J. A. (2019) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000687 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationSilvers, J. A. (2020) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/cdep.12372 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationEmotion Reactivity and Regulation in Adolescent Girls Following an Interpersonal Rejection
Miller, A. B., Prinstein, M. J., Munier, E., Machlin, L., & Sheridan, M. A. (2018) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01351 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“, 2017; Ochsner & Gross, 2005) and that adolescent girls are able to successfully engage in this emotion reactivity and regulation task (Miller et al., 2018; Silvers et al., 2015), even when a temporary negative state is introduced via targeted rejection.”
Emotion Concept Development from Childhood to Adulthood
Nook, E. C., & Somerville, L. H. (2019) · Nebraska Symposium on Motivation/The Nebraska symposium on motivation · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-27473-3_2 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Vogel, A. C., Tillman, R., Elsayed, N. M., Jackson, J. J., Perlman, S. B., Barch, D. M., & Luby, J. L. (2021) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579421000705 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Jones, R. M., & Pattwell, S. S. (2019) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100657 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Animal and human work has shown greater sensitivity to emotional cues during adolescence and accompanying dynamic changes in a neural circuit involving the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and connections with the amygdala and hippocampus (Casey, 2015; Cracco et al., 2017; Gee and Casey, 2015; Silvers et al., 2015; Tottenham a…”
Castagna, P. J., Roye, S., Calamia, M. R., Owens-French, J., Davis, T. E., & Greening, S. G. (2017) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-017-9772-1 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Because previous literature has associated the hippocampus with reducing fear responses during extinction learning and recall of extinction memories (Milad and Quirk 2002; Ehrlich et al. 2009; Silvers et al. 2015), this finding may also reflect the hippocampus’ ability to modulate the amygdala when forming episodic me…”
BackgroundPereira, T. S., Castro, M. A., Villafaina, S., Santos, A. C., & García, J. P. F. (2020) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s20143917 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
You changed my mind: Immediate and enduring impacts of social emotion regulation.
Sahi, R. S., GAINES, E. M., Nussbaum, S. G., Lee, D. I., Lieberman, M. D., Eisenberger, N. I., & Silvers, J. A. (2023) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0001284 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“For example, adolescents and depressed populations demonstrate lower attenuation of negative affect while actively reappraising than healthy adults, and exhibit little to no enduring effects of reappraisal when passively viewing stimuli again (Erk et al., 2010; Silvers et al., 2015).”
BackgroundSelf-citationCharacterizing the Network Architecture of Emotion Regulation Neurodevelopment
Moreira, J. F. G., McLaughlin, K. A., & Silvers, J. A. (2021) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhab074 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationSun, Y., & Yin, H. (2023) · Social Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s11218-023-09855-2 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“…been indicated that brain areas associated with cognitive control structures may have a slower maturation trajectory relative to structures for emotional responses, and thus children and adolescents may have more difficulty managing their emotions (Gabard-Durnam et al., 2014; Silvers et al., 2015).”
Neural correlates of emotional reactivity and regulation in youth with and without anxiety
Padgaonkar, N., Uy, J. P., DePasque, S., Galván, A., & Peris, T. (2020) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.23154 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“, 2013), as well as more negative amygdala–vlPFC connectivity during reappraisal (Silvers et al., 2015).”
Distinct and similar patterns of emotional development in adolescents and young adults
Bos, D. J., Dreyfuss, M., Tottenham, N., Hare, T. A., Galván, A., Casey, B. J., & Jones, R. (2019) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.21942 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Developmental Changes in Food Perception and Preference
Serrano-Gonzalez, M., Herting, M. M., Lim, S.-L., Sullivan, N. J., Kim, R., Espinoza, J., Koppin, C. M., Javier, J. R., Kim, M. S., & Luo, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.654200 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Gray space and default mode network-amygdala connectivity
Harris, J. C., Liuzzi, M. T., Cardenas‐Iniguez, C., Larson, C. L., & Lisdahl, K. M. (2023) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2023.1167786 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Positive and Negative Affect and Adolescent Adjustment: Moderation Effects of Prefrontal Functioning
Brieant, A. E., Holmes, C. J., Maciejewski, D. F., Lee, J., Deater-Deckard, K. D., King‐Casas, B., & Kim‐Spoon, J. (2018) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12339 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
A developmental neuroscience perspective on empathy
Decety, J., & Michalska, K. J. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814411-4.00022-6 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Effects of Duration and Midpoint of Sleep on Corticolimbic Circuitry in Youth
Hehr, A., Marusak, H. A., Huntley, E. D., & Rabinak, C. A. (2019) · Chronic Stress · doi:10.1177/2470547019856332 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Affective flexibility as a developmental building block of cognitive reappraisal: An fMRI study
Pierce, J. E., Haque, E., & Neta, M. (2022) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101170 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Rosa, P. J., Madeira, A., Oliveira, J., & Palrão, T. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0293204 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Perhaps this arousing affective response in older adults might be explained by nutritional beliefs and dispo-sitions toward their weight and health concerns [62].”
BackgroundWyczesany, M., & Ligeza, T. S. (2017) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.05.009 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Weaving Invisible Threads: The Impact of Caregiver Trauma on Parenting and Child Brain Development
Riser, M., Trentacosta, C. J., & Jovanović, T. (2025) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci15070726 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Reduced connectivity between the pre-frontal cortex and amygdala can impair the child’s capacity for emotion regulation [67,68] potentially leading to increased reactivity or maladaptive coping behaviors.”
A Neuroscience Perspective on Emotional Development
Morales, S., & Fox, N. A. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-17332-6_4 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Debra, G., Michels, N., & Giletta, M. (2024) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101454 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“These developments coincide with increased recruitment of lateral and dorsal prefrontal cortices (e.g., Silvers et al., 2015, 2016).”
BackgroundThe Immediate and Lasting Effect of Emotion Regulation in Adolescents: An ERP Study
Yang, M., Deng, X., & An, S. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph181910242 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Recent work has suggested that adolescents are more likely to experience extreme and turbulent emotions, possibly due to immature cognitive control ability over emotion [21,56].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMichelini, Y., & Godoy, J. C. (2022) · Psykhe (Santiago) · doi:10.7764/psykhe.2020.22585 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Can social isolation alleviate symptoms of anxiety and depression disorders?
Peçanha, A., da Silveira, B., Krahe, T. E., & Landeira-Fernández, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1561916 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“In clinical practice, graduated exposure, systematic desensitization, and the modi fi cation of dysfunctional beliefs are widely implemented to reduce emotional avoidance and enhance coping strategies in anxiety-provoking situations (104, 115 – 117 ).”
Emotion regulation in Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder and Premenstrual Syndrome: a systematic review
Lambert, E. R., Hunter, M. S., Cocker, H., Gurvich, C., & Chalder, T. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-03587-y · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“In this study, participants were instructed to apply a specific ER strategy: perspective taking/distancing [59, 60].”
Grabell, A. S., Santana, A. M., Thomsen, K. N., Gonzalez, K. N., Zhang, Z., Bivins, Z., & Rahman, T. (2022) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101112 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“similar to reports of PFC activation attenuating the amygdala response during negative emotional challenges in older children and adolescents (Silvers et al., 2015), and adults (Lee et al.”
Wired to Regulate: Brain Connectivity Predicts Emotion Regulation Capacity and Tendency
Morawetz, C., Hajrić, M., Rammensee, R. A., Berboth, S., & Basten, U. (2025) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.70400 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Regulación emocional en adolescentes
Bolívar-Ramírez, M., Cruz, S. G. R., & Prieto, B. L. A. (2022) · Apuntes de bioética · doi:10.35383/apuntes.v5i2.796 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Daches, S., Yaroslavsky, I., & Kovács, M. (2019) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2019.1660622 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
From the Self to the Social Regulation of Emotion: An Evolving Psychological and Neural Model
Ochsner, K. N. (2019) · Nebraska Symposium on Motivation/The Nebraska symposium on motivation · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-27473-3_3 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationBloom, P. A., VanTieghem, M., Gabard-Durnam, L. J., Gee, D. G., Flannery, J., Caldera, C., Goff, B., Telzer, E. H., Humphreys, K. L., Fareri, D. S., et al. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.10.08.463601 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Bocharov, A. V., Savostyanov, A. N., Tamozhnikov, S. S., Proshina, E. A., & Knyazev, G. G. (2022) · Human Physiology · doi:10.1134/s0362119722010030 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Tully, L. M., Blendermann, M., Fine, J., Zakskorn, L. N., Fritz, M., Hamlett, G. E., Lamb, S. T., Moody, A., Ng, J., Parakul, N., et al. (2024) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsae024 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“…to social than to nonsocial stimuli (Silvers et al ., 2012), and effects of reappraisal/regulation of negative stimuli last longer as individuals age (Silvers et al ., 2015), likely due to increased coupling between prefrontal regulation mechanisms and the amygdala (Silvers et al ., 2017).”
BackgroundTan, J. X. Y., & Liu, P. (2024) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-024-01263-0 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“In another study, cognitive reappraisal significantly reduced negative affect and amygdala activation towards aversive images in 14–17-year-olds, but not in 10-13-year-olds (Silvers et al., 2015 ).”
Maternal Antecedents to Adolescent Girls’ Neural Regulation of Emotion
Modi, H. H., Davis, M. M., Miernicki, M. E., Telzer, E. H., & Rudolph, K. D. (2020) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12545 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Effect of Personality Traits and Emotion Regulation Strategies on Risky Behaviors in Adolescents
Çiydem, E., Avcı, D., Uyar, M., & Seyhan, A. (2023) · Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services · doi:10.3928/02793695-20230818-03 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
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Cohodes, E. M., & Gee, D. G. (2017) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190264086.013.129 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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Kumar, M., & Jha, A. K. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-38971-9_10-1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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Kling, J. L., & Brooker, R. J. (2023) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108738 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Šinko, L., Regier, P. S., Curtin, A., Ayaz, H., Childress, A. R., & Teitelman, A. M. (2022) · Women s Health · doi:10.1177/17455057221081326 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Silvers, J. A., Shu, J., Hubbard, A. D., Weber, J., & Ochsner, K. N.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Silvers, Jennifer A.
- Ochsner, Kevin N.
- Venue
- Developmental Science
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-11-28
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 771-784
- ISSN
- 1363-755X (ISSN-L)
- 1467-7687
- PMC
- PMC4459932
- OpenAlex
- W2124259380
- Cited by
- 138
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 6
- FWCI
- 5.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Developmental Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (0691780)
- National Institute of Mental Health (94056)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- emotion regulation, cognitive reappraisal, rostrolateral prefrontal cortex, adolescence, early adulthood, age differences, aversive stimuli, negative affect
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Age Factors, Aging, Amygdala, Brain Mapping, Child, Emotions, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Oxygen, Photic Stimulation, Young Adult
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