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Emotion regulation: affective, cognitive, and social consequences.
Open accessAbstract
One of life's great challenges is successfully regulating emotions. Do some emotion regulation strategies have more to recommend them than others? According to Gross's (1998, Review of General Psychology, 2, 271-299) process model of emotion regulation, strategies that act early in the emotion-generative process should have a different profile of consequences than strategies that act later on. This review focuses on two commonly used strategies for down-regulating emotion. The first, reappraisal, comes early in the emotion-generative process. It consists of changing the way a situation is construed so as to decrease its emotional impact. The second, suppression, comes later in the emotion-generative process. It consists of inhibiting the outward signs of inner feelings. Experimental and individual-difference studies find reappraisal is often more effective than suppression. Reappraisal decreases emotion experience and behavioral expression, and has no impact on memory. By contrast, suppression decreases behavioral expression, but fails to decrease emotion experience, and actually impairs memory. Suppression also increases physiological responding for suppressors and their social partners. This review concludes with a consideration of five important directions for future research on emotion regulation processes.
Checked 2026-10-05 · 1 reference not checked yet
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27 Own result · 22 Own interpretation · 13 No full text of the sources · 9 Sources not found · 6 No basis given · 3 Not checked yet · 2 Own method
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By contrast, suppression decreases behavioral expression, but fails to decrease emotion experience, and actually impairs memory.”
- Also stated in: § Affective Consequences of Reappraisal and Suppression: Experimental Data · p. 4 · plain
“Also unlike suppression, reappraisal decreased disgust experience, whereas suppression had no effect on disgust experience.”
- Also stated in: § Affective Consequences of Reappraisal and Suppression: Experimental Data · p. 5 · plain
“It is noteworthy that whereas suppressing negative emotionexpressive behavior has no discernible impact on negative emotion experience ~ e.g., disgust, sadness, embarrassment ! , suppressing positive emotion-expressive behavior does have an impact on positive emotion experience ~ e.g., amusement ! .”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Affective Consequences of Reappraisal and Suppression: Experimental Data · p. 4 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By contrast, reappraisal had no impact on verbal memory.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Relations between suppression and negative emotion expression also followed expectations, with suppression being associated with lesser negative emotion expressive behavior.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Reappraisal, by contrast, was associated with greater positive emotion experience and expression, and lesser negative emotion experience and expression.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Reappraisal decreases emotion experience and behavioral expression, and has no impact on memory.”
- Also stated in: § Affective Consequences of Reappraisal and Suppression: Experimental Data · p. 4 · plain
“Also unlike suppression, reappraisal decreased disgust experience, whereas suppression had no effect on disgust experience.”
- Also stated in: § Affective Consequences of Reappraisal and Suppression: Individual-Difference Data · p. 5 · plain
“Reappraisal, by contrast, was associated with greater positive emotion experience and expression, and lesser negative emotion experience and expression.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Affective Consequences of Reappraisal and Suppression: Experimental Data · p. 4 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we found that individuals who scored higher on either of the two suppression scales reported having worse memory that those who scored lower on these suppression scales”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By contrast, suppression decreases behavioral expression, but fails to decrease emotion experience, and actually impairs memory.”
- Also stated in: § Cognitive Consequences of Reappraisal and Suppression: Experimental Data · p. 6 · hedged
“As predicted, results indicated that suppression led to reliable decrements ~ compared to the control condition ! in both objective memory and memory confidence ratings.”
- Also stated in: § Cognitive Consequences of Reappraisal and Suppression: Experimental Data · p. 6 · plain
“As predicted, suppression participants performed less well on the verbal memory test than control participants.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Cognitive Consequences of Reappraisal and Suppression: Experimental Data · p. 6 · hedged
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They also performed worse on an objective memory test in which they were asked to recall events they had listed in a daily diary 1 week earlier.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Unlike suppression, however, reappraisal had no observable consequences in terms of sympathetic activation of the cardiovascular or electrodermal systems.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Importantly, suppression's effect on verbal memory was just as pronounced for the low-emotion as for the high-emotion slides, suggesting that it is the process of engaging in suppression that is cognitively costly, rather than the amount of emotion that is actually suppressed.”
plainn = 76- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 28
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Table 1. Cognitive Consequences of Reappraisal and Suppression (Controlling for Neuroticism and Social Desirability)”
- Also stated in: § Cognitive Consequences of Reappraisal and Suppression: Experimental Data · p. 6 · plain
“| Self-reported | - .31 * | - .23 * | .09 |”
- Also stated in: § Cognitive Consequences of Reappraisal and Suppression: Experimental Data · p. 6 · plain
“| Objective | - .33 * | - .27 * | .05 |”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Cognitive Consequences of Reappraisal and Suppression: Experimental Data · p. 6 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Findings regarding suppression and negative emotion experience were mixed, showing either no effects or positive effects, that is, the more individuals said they suppressed, the more negative emotion they said they felt.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In each case, suppression was associated with negative outcomes, whereas reappraisal was associated with positive outcomes.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Whereas suppress participants showed greater increases in sympathetic activation than watch or reappraise subjects, these latter two groups did not differ from one another.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In each case, suppression was associated with negative outcomes, whereas reappraisal was associated with positive outcomes.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Gross and Levenson ~ 1997 ! found a suppression effect for amusement experience both in a context that predominantly elicited amusement ~ an amusement film ! and in a context in which there were lower levels of amusement ~ a sadness film that evoked a bit of secondary amusement ! .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Gross and Levenson, 1997 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As expected, suppression decreased nonemotional behavior, and no differences were found between suppress and watch subjects for any of the physiological or experiential variables.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Importantly, however, emotions do not force us to respond in certain ways, they only make it more likely we will do so.”
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Individuals with schizophrenia have decreased emotion-expressive behavior compared with controls, but comparable levels of emotion experience”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Kring & Neale, 1996 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“reappraisal seems to decrease negative emotion experience and expression while either having no impact or actually increasing positive emotion experience and expression”
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These latter changes cohere theoretically, and can be described in terms of 'increased sympathetic activation of the cardiovascular system.'”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Such monitoring requires a continual outlay of cognitive resources, reducing the resources available for processing events so that they can later be remembered.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Suppression requires self-monitoring and self-corrective action throughout an emotional event.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The logic of this comparative design hinges on the premise that whereas antecedent-focused forms of emotion regulation ~ such as reappraisal ! principally concern whether or not emotion response tendencies are triggered , response-focused strategies ~ such as suppression ! concern how emotion response tendencies are modulated once they have been triggered .”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Suppression also was associated with poorer social support and lesser use of instrumental and emotional social support coping.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Gross and John ~ in press !
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“reappraisal led to increased activation of lateral prefrontal regions important for cognitive control, and to decreases in activation of the amygdala and medial orbitofrontal cortex”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Ochsner, Bunge, Gross, & Gabrieli, 2002
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Patients with schizophrenia also have well-characterized deficits in social functioning, and lead those interacting with them to feel uncomfortable”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Krause, Steimer, Sanger-Alt, & Wagner, 1989 source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“suppression seems to be a blunt instrument-one that decreases both negative and positive emotion-expressive behavior, thereby masking important social signals that would otherwise be available to social interaction partners”
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the ongoing requirement of monitoring one's own facial expressions and vocal signals could distract the suppressing individual and make them less responsive to the emotional cues of their partner”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“suggest that whereas suppression is cognitively costly, reappraisal is not”
- Also stated in: § Concluding Comment · p. 9 · hedged
“Suppression also consumes cognitive resources, impairing memory for information presented during the emotion regulation period. Reappraisal, by contrast, appears to have no such cognitive consequences.”
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The suppression and reappraisal constructs measured as habitual individual differences are the same constructs manipulated in the laboratory experiments.
- Also stated in: § Concluding Comment · p. 9 · hedged
In the paper
“Similarly, Harris ~ 2001 ! has found that suppressing visible signs of embarrassment leads to enhanced blood pressure responses, but does not affect emotion experience reports.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Harris, 2001 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Compared with the no soundtrack condition, participants who heard the soundtrack had lower skin conductance levels and more pleasant mood ratings.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Lazarus & Alfert, 1964 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Theorists since Darwin ~ 1872 0 1998 ! have maintained that emotionexpressive behavior plays an important role in facilitating social interactions.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Campos, Mumme, Kermoian, & Campos, 1994 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“over half of the nonsubstance related Axis I clinical disorders and all of the Axis II personality disorders involve some form of emotion dysregulation”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Gross & Levenson, 1997 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Individuals increase, maintain, and decrease negative and positive emotions ~ Parrott, 1993 ! .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Parrott, 1993
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Suppression also increases electrodermal responding and blood pressure, and decreases finger pulse amplitude, finger temperature, and pulse transit times.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Gross, 1998a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Gross & Levenson, 1993, 1997
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This would make costly self-regulation unnecessary, leaving memory intact.”
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Taken together, these findings concerning suppression suggest decreases in positive emotion experience, but the physiological effects of suppression are not clear.”
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“suggesting that the cognitive costs of suppression are due to the verbal demands of self-instructions issued during the course of suppression ~ e.g., 'I need to keep my face still' ! .”
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Suppression requires self-monitoring and self-corrective action throughout an emotional event.
In the paper
“Diverse forms of self-regulation result in similar kinds of 'ego depletion,' which suggests that a common resource may be consumed in diverse forms of regulation”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Baumeister, Bratslavsky, Muraven, & Tice, 1998 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“suppression appears to have little impact on negative emotion experience, while decreasing positive emotion experience”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Suppression requires self-monitoring and self-corrective action throughout an emotional event.
“Suppression is a form of emotion regulation that requires selfmonitoring and self-corrective action throughout an emotional event.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Emotions involve coordinated behavioral, experiential, and physiological response tendencies.
“In either case, emotions call forth a coordinated set of behavioral, experiential, and physiological response tendencies that together influence how we respond to perceived challenges and opportunities.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The personal meaning assigned to a situation strongly influences which experiential, behavioral, and physiological response tendencies are generated.
“The personal meaning that is assigned to the situation is crucial because it powerfully influences which experiential, behavioral, and physiological response tendencies will be generated in that particular situation.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The suppression and reappraisal constructs measured as habitual individual differences are the same constructs manipulated in the laboratory experiments.
“These individual-difference findings converge with the results of our experimental studies, and suggest that whereas suppression is cognitively costly, reappraisal is not.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“In the last two decades clinicians have shown that mindfulness training can improve emotional disorders [74] and negative mood [75] and reduce physiological responses such as skin conductance [76] and amygdala activity [67].”
From Mindful emotion regulation: Exploring the neurocognitive mechanisms behind mindfulness (2015) · cites this paper as [74]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“some models of emotions distinguish between antecedent-focused and response-focused emotion regulation strategies, based on the differential processing of internal and external emotional cues [65–68].”
From The empirical status of the "new wave" of cognitive behavioral therapy (2010) · cites this paper as [66]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In addition, the recognition performance of emotional stimuli seems to be unaffected by emotional reappraisal (see [9,28] but see [29]), whereas suppression leads to impaired recognition [8,9].”
From Effects of differential strategies of emotion regulation (2019) · cites this paper as [9]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“We used similar instructions as Gross and colleagues to induce suppression (e.g., Gross & Levenson, 1997), and we replicated their earlier findings, suggesting that our experimental manipulation worked (Gross, 1998, 2002; Gross & Levenson, 1997).”
From How to handle anxiety: The effects of reappraisal, acceptance, and suppression strategies on anxious arousal (2009) · cites this paper as Gross, 2002
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Laboratory based studies of cognitive change report psychological benefits from instructing participants to reappraise emotional stimuli or tasks in a manner designed to diminish personal identification and increase objectivity before the individuals encounter the stimuli or task”
From United we stand: emphasizing commonalities across cognitive-behavioral therapies. (2013) · cites this paper as Gross, 2002
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“to achieve a common goal of behavioral adaptation, CBTs share change principles that target responding at different points along an emotional trajectory (Gross, 2002), including context engagement which can be seen as encompassing therapeutic processes of behavioral exposure and behavioral activation; attention change, which can be seen as encompassing therapeutic processes of attention training”
From United we stand: emphasizing commonalities across cognitive-behavioral therapies. (2013) · cites this paper as Gross, 2002
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Within this framework, the process model differentiates emotion regulation strategies according to the time they intervene in the unfolding emotional response: we can distinguish between antecedent-focused strategies, which are used before the emotion response tendencies become active, and response-focused strategies, which are used once the response tendencies are generated [56,60,61].”
From Interoceptive Ability and Emotion Regulation in Mind–Body Interventions: An Integrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [60]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Cognitive reappraisal is an effective emotion regulation strategy (Gross, 2002), that has been demonstrated to facilitate emotion regulation in healthy and psychiatric cohorts.”
From Rt-fMRI neurofeedback-guided cognitive reappraisal training modulates amygdala responsivity in posttraumatic stress disorder (2020) · cites this paper as Gross, 2002
In the citing paper
“Emotion regulation therapy (ERT) is one approach to combining CBTs and MBIs that addresses sequencing by targeting the refractory negative emotionality and resulting negative self-referentiality that characterizes distress disorders [75] by first addressing attention change techniques”
From All together now: utilizing common functional change principles to unify cognitive behavioral and mindfulness-based therapies (2019) · cites this paper as [81]
In the citing paper
“Taken together, this suggests that the generation of compassion in response to distressing situations is distinct from other emotion regulation strategies, such as suppression or reappraisal, which involve an active downregulation of negative affect (Gross, 2002).”
From Differential pattern of functional brain plasticity after compassion and empathy training (2014) · cites this paper as Gross, 2002
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Social Consequences of Reappraisal and Suppression: Experimental Data · p. 7
“We asked unacquainted pairs of women to watch an upsetting film, and then discuss their reactions ~ Butler, Egloff, Wilhelm, Smith, & Gross, 2002 ! .”
§ REFERENCES · p. 10
“Butler, E. A., Egloff, B., Wilhelm, F. H., Smith, N. C., & Gross, J. J. ~ 2001 ! . The social consequences of emotion regulation . Manuscript under review.”
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Ulus, İ. Ç., Avcı, M. Z., & Akçıl, S. (2025) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2025.113325 · Cited by 4
Explaining the Link between Loneliness and Self-rated Health with Hedonic Regulation as a Mediator
Yusoff, N., Luhmann, M., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2013) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.216 · Cited by 5
Song, S., Graham, J. E., Susman, E., & Sohn, Y. (2012) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/1067828x.2012.710029 · Cited by 8
“Avoidant ER strategy is generally known to cause physiological arousal and the exhaustion of self-regulation resources, which can result in failures in subsequent selfregulation against problem drinking (Gross, 2002).”
BackgroundNarimani, M., Ariapouran, S., Abolghasemi, A., & احدی, ب. (2011) · Majallah-i dānishgāh-i ̒ulūm-i pizishkī-i Kirmānshāh · Cited by 4
Nitkowski, D., Hristova, S., Wünsch‐Leiteritz, W., Braks, K., & Petermann, F. (2015) · Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie Psychologie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1661-4747/a000250 · Cited by 4
Cochrane, M. M., Smart, C. M., & García-Barrera, M. A. (2017) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-017-9609-7 · Cited by 4
An Empathic Agent that Alleviates Stress by Providing Support via Social Media
Medeiros, L., & Bosse, T. (2017) · Adaptive Agents and Multi-Agents Systems · doi:10.5555/3091125.3091387 · Cited by 5
Testing the Acceptability of Social Support Agents in Online Communities
Medeiros, L., & Bosse, T. (2017) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-67074-4_13 · Cited by 4
A review of emotion regulation in autism spectrum disorder
Nagase, K. (2017) · Journal of Human Environmental Studies · doi:10.4189/shes.15.35 · Cited by 4
Towards a fuzzy multiagent tutoring system for M-learners' emotion regulation
Abdelkefi, M., & Kallel, I. (2017) · International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET) · doi:10.1109/ithet.2017.8067821 · Cited by 4
“) sees his learning performance reduced [27].”
Rosales, J.-H., Ramos, F., Ramos, M. A., & Cervantes, J.-A. (2017) · Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience · doi:10.1155/2017/5204083 · Cited by 4
Emotionsregulation – Trend in der Psychotherapie
Lammers, C., & Berking, M. (2018) · PiD - Psychotherapie im Dialog · doi:10.1055/s-0043-123278 · Cited by 5
“Unter Emotionsregulation versteht man alle Prozesse, mit Hilfe derer eine Person die Intensität, Dauer und Qualität ihrer Emotionen beeinflusst (Gross 2002).”
BackgroundInfluentialDeller, J., Perrotte, J. K., Wainwright, K., Brunsman, J., & Osman, A. (2019) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2019.1569529 · Cited by 4
“Both of these regulation strategies have been found to be ineffective at regulating anger, typically resulting in the anger being maintained or decreasing overall positive affect (e.g., Gross, 2002).”
BackgroundImpairments to Cognitive Control in Patients with Somatoform Disorders and Their Treatment
Chutko, L. S., Surushkina, S. Y., Yakovenko, E. A., Анисимова, Т. И., Карповская, Е. Б., Василенко, В. В., Didur, М. D., & Volov, M. B. (2019) · Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology · doi:10.1007/s11055-019-00883-0 · Cited by 4
Vélez, D. C., Madinabeitia, I., Alarcón, F., & Perales, J. C. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17114174 · Cited by 4
“Additionally, ER can either boost or dampen both positive and negative emotions [5,6] and plays a significant role in social interaction, cognitive functioning, self-control, and mental health and wellbeing [2,7,8].”
Background[Electroencephalogram characteristics under successful cognitive reappraisal in emotion regulation].
Lian, H., Cao, D., & Li, Y. (2020) · PubMed Central · doi:10.7507/1001-5515.201909042 · Cited by 3
Hadjiantonis, G., Paromita, P., Mundnich, K., Nadarajan, A., Booth, B. M., Narayanan, S. S., & Chaspari, T. (2020) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175604 · Cited by 4
“edu ensure daily functioning and obey social rules [2].”
BackgroundSense of Coherence and Coping Strategies in Patients With Dysphonia
Valadares, G. D. F., Occhi‐Alexandre, I. G. P., & Teixeira, L. C. (2020) · Journal of Voice · doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.09.012 · Cited by 4
Haines, S., Butler, E. G., STUCKEY, S. L., Hester, R., & Grech, L. (2020) · International Journal of MS Care · doi:10.7224/1537-2073.2020-015 · Cited by 4
Otero, M. C., Rau, H., Shofer, J. B., Peskind, E. R., & Pagulayan, K. F. (2020) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2020.1856413 · Cited by 5
“Poor mood regulation has been found to adversely affect interpersonal relationships, limiting emotional closeness between individuals (Gross, 2002).”
BackgroundLaslett, B., & Uphill, M. A. (2020) · Case Studies in Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/cssep.2019-0048 · Cited by 4
Lotfi, M., Amin, M., & Shiasy, Y. (2021) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.32598/ijpcp.27.2.2359.2 · Cited by 5
The Relationship between Calling and Posttraumatic Growth of the Air Force Pilot
Lee, A. R., Sohn, Y. W., & Seol, J. H. (2021) · Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics · doi:10.12985/ksaa.2021.29.3.001 · Cited by 4
Mladenović, M., Stojanović, N., Stojanović, D., Živković, M., Aleksić, D., Tešanović, G., & Momčilović, V. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.774732 · Cited by 6
“…males (Gross and John, 2003; Mackiewicz et al., 2006; Nitschke et al., 2006; McRae et al., 2008; Domes et al., 2010; Gardener et al., 2013; Zimmermann and Iwanski, 2014; Costa et al., 2020), while others failed to support this statement (Gross, 2002, 2015; Domes et al., 2010; Lane et al., 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialCócola, F., Ceberio, M. R., Benedicto, M. G., Jones, G. M., Agostinelli, J. D., Calligaro, C., Videla, M. D., & Daverio, R. F. (2021) · Revista Angolana de Ciencias · doi:10.54580/r0302.03 · Cited by 4
France, K. D., Hicks, O., & Hollenstein, T. (2022) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2022.2043245 · Cited by 4
WHY DONATE AND FOR WHAT? THE PSEUDOINEFFICACY BIAS IN DONATING BEHAVIOR
Tommasi, F., Morandini, S., Meneghini, A. M., Ceschi, A., Sartori, R., & Gostimir, M. (2022) · Psychological applications and trends · doi:10.36315/2022inpact084 · Cited by 4
(2013) · Palgrave Macmillan eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137367839.0004 · Cited by 4
Jiang, D., & Lee, J. C. (2022) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12379 · Cited by 7
Brothers, S. L., Mora, M. G., DesRuisseaux, L. A., & Suchy, Y. (2022) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2022.2113765 · Cited by 7
“First, ES generally does not dampen emotionally triggered physiological arousal or subjective emotional experience (Brans et al., 2013; Gross, 2002; Gross & Levenson, 1993, 1997), whereas CR leads to decreases in both physiologic arousal (Zaehringer et al., 2020) and negative emotional experiences…”
BackgroundInfluentialEmotion Regulation Strategies on Family Functioning among Young Married Couples
Medellu, G. I. R., & Azzahra, F. (2022) · Tazkiya Journal of Psychology · doi:10.15408/tazkiya.v10i2.22782 · Cited by 4
“Gross (2002) argues that emotions can elicit a coordinated series of behaviors, experiences, and physiological responses to influence individuals' responses to perceived conditions.”
BackgroundEvaluation of film stimuli for the assessment of social-emotional processing: a pilot study
Leppänen, J., Patsalos, O., Surguladze, S., Kerr‐Gaffney, J., Williams, S., & Tchanturia, K. (2022) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.14160 · Cited by 4
Impulsivity as a Predictor of Early Dating Initiation in 11–12-Year-Old Youth
Kwon, E., Aalsma, M. C., Zapolski, T. C. B., Monahan, P. O., & Hulvershorn, L. A. (2022) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-022-02495-1 · Cited by 4
“Given that emotion regulation is closely related to social consequences (Gross, 2002), youth with elevated negative urgency might experience difficulties in forming healthy peer relations, which is an important developmental milestone in adolescence (Lerner & Steinberg, 2009).”
BackgroundATALAY, M., & Kağan, M. (2022) · Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi · doi:10.17066/tpdrd.12269619 · Cited by 6
“Therefore, avoiding emotions or excessive experiencing emotions during adolescence, in other words, inability to regulate emotions, lead to psychological problems and health problems (Segerstrom et al., 2003; Gross, 2002; Salovey et al., 2002).”
BackgroundCoping strategies, emotion regulation and quality of life among psoriasis patients
Shaukat, A., Rashid, S., & Sadiq, M. (2023) · The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine · doi:10.1177/00912174231170204 · Cited by 7
Age-related reductions in arousal-enhanced memory are moderated by trait emotion regulation
Lee, K., Sayre, B., James, T. A., & Duarte, A. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-41741-x · Cited by 2
A TEACHER OR AN ACTOR? ON EMOTIONS AND THE EMOTIONAL LABOR AMONG TEACHERS: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Farah, N. (2023) · Journal of Innovations in Business and Industry · doi:10.61552/jibi.2023.02.003 · Cited by 4
Stress and Anxiety Detection via Facial Expression Through Deep Learning
Saraswat, M., Kumar, R., Harbola, J., Kalkhundiya, D., Kaur, M., & Goyal, M. K. (2023) · International Conference on Technological Advancements in Computational Sciences (ICTACS) · doi:10.1109/ictacs59847.2023.10389882 · Cited by 4
Planning the Future in a Longer Perspective
Tateyama, N., Yokomura, R., Ban, Y., Warisawa, S., & Fukui, R. (2024) · Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies · doi:10.1145/3643538 · Cited by 4
“…to our system could include coping strategies for anticipated stressors and encourage collaboration with cognitive behavioral therapy, such as cognitive reappraisal [17], helping users constructively engage with future anxieties, promoting resilience and proactive mental health management.”
BackgroundRamos, M. L., Zhou, A. M., Lytle, M. N., Myruski, S., Pérez‐Edgar, K. E., & Buss, K. A. (2024) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.22485 · Cited by 4
Alacha, H. F., Rosen, P. J., & Bufferd, S. J. (2024) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-024-02403-z · Cited by 5
“Particularly, while emotion dysregulation can manifest as increased levels of NA, it refers more specifically to a range of processes that make it difficult for individuals to adaptively regulate their emotions leading to disruptions in emotional and interpersonal functioning [21].”
Bo, H. H., & Zhang, J. J. (2024) · Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness · doi:10.33423/jmdc.v18i1.6892 · Cited by 4
“The response (R) is operationalized as a shift in one’s attitude toward consumption behavior and future consumption intentions (e.g., Gross, 2002; Grossbart et al., 1975) (See Figure 2).”
BackgroundThompson, E. L., Gillespie‐Smith, K., Mair, A. P. A., & Obsuth, I. (2024) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-024-06276-8 · Cited by 5
“Emotion regulation is the ability to modify one’s emotional response, including utilising appropriate strategies to alter the intensity, duration, and trajectory of both positive and negative emotions (Gross, 2002).”
The effect of cognitive reappraisal on emotion recognition in mothers of children with special needs
Du, X., Gao, S., Zhao, X., & Chen, X. (2024) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104401 · Cited by 6
Holt, M. (2012) · VCU Scholars Compass (Virginia Commonwealth University) · doi:10.25772/1zzb-4g73 · Cited by 4
“As emotion regulation is an important factor in stress responses (Gross, 2002; Troy & Mauss, 2011) and because perceived stress is predictive of cardiovascular outcomes (Dishman et al.”
BackgroundSakakibara, R. (2014) · JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS · doi:10.4092/jsre.22.40 · Cited by 1
Seeking Safety and the 12-Step Social Model of Recovery: An Integrated Treatment Approach
Lange, T. M., Bergandi, T. A., Borders, K. W., & Frazier, V. (2017) · Journal of Groups in Addiction & Recovery · doi:10.1080/1556035x.2016.1258682 · Cited by 4
“However, long-term, individuals who engage more in venting of emotions often tend to do so because they are unsuccessful in emotion regulation (Gross, 2002).”
BackgroundKarami, R., Sharifi, T., Nikkhah, M., & Ghazanfari, A. (2019) · nian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion · doi:10.30699/ijhehp.7.1.1 · Cited by 5
The Likelihood of Actions and the Neurobiology of Virtues: Veto and Consent Power
Navarini, C. (2020) · Ethical Theory and Moral Practice · doi:10.1007/s10677-020-10081-4 · Cited by 3
Regulasi Emosi Dan Kecemasan Pada Petugas Pemadam Kebakaran Di Kabupaten Bantul
Kusuma, R. T. (2020) · Acta Psychologia · doi:10.21831/ap.v2i2.33358 · Cited by 4
The effect of affective temperament traits on emotion regulation difficulties (tur)
Demirpençe, D., İnce, E., & Gürbüz, H. G. A. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.5505/kpd.2021.21043 · Cited by 4
How Do We Know If Teachers Are Well? The Wellbeing Holistic Assessment for Teachers Tool
Soares, F., Cunha, N., & Frisoli, P. (2021) · Journal on Education in Emergencies · doi:10.33682/f059-7nxk · Cited by 4
Students with Anxiety: Implications for Professional School Counselors
Thompson, E. H., Robertson, P. M., Curtis, R., & Frick, M. H. (2012) · Professional School Counseling · doi:10.1177/2156759x12016002s06 · Cited by 8
“Children with anxiety also tended to use anxiety suppressing techniques (Carthy et al., 2009), which diminished outward symptoms of anxiety but did not reduce the internal physiological experience associated with anxious feelings (Gross, 2002).”
BackgroundInfluentialTHE HEART OF STRENGTH: THE STRONG BLACK WOMAN SCHEMA AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK
Abrams, J. A. (2015) · VCU Scholars Compass (Virginia Commonwealth University) · doi:10.25772/zsdp-0x86 · Cited by 4
“This finding supports the literature that highlights the relation of CVD risk to emotional suppression, and other emotional regulation difficulties (Brosschot & Thayer, 1998; Gross, 2002; Gross & Levenson, 1997; Horsten et al., 1999; Roberts, Levenson, & Gross, 2008; Schlatter & Cameron, 2010).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialType of social participation and emotion regulation among upper secondary school students
Jankowski, P., & Rękosiewicz, M. (2013) · Polish Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.2478/ppb-2013-0035 · Cited by 4
Farnsworth, J. K., & Sewell, K. W. (2012) · Journal of Constructivist Psychology · doi:10.1080/10720537.2012.679131 · Cited by 4
“It is when emotion is construed to threaten core constructs that the person actively engages in emotional suppression, which has been found to be both ineffective and costly (Gross, 2002).”
BackgroundHu, H., Hsu, C.-T., Lee, W.-R., Chang, J.-H., & Hsu, M.-H. (2010) · Service Industries Journal · doi:10.1080/02642060903437600 · Cited by 4
“Meanwhile, the contribution of this current study, an empirical test, was to extend prior research and to theorize an emotion regulation process perspective (Gross, 1998, 2002) by identifying whether the frontline service staff’s DT neutralized the relationship between SA and WFC.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialFeeling at home in the occupied territories: Emotion work of the religious settler movement
Hagemann, S. (2015) · Emotion, space and society · doi:10.1016/j.emospa.2015.03.003 · Cited by 4
Sanderson, J. (2015) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2015.1023211 · Cited by 4
“For instance, if an athlete is unaffected by losing, yet is expected to express anger and frustration to comply with sporting norms, she/he may experience incongruence between the emotion that is felt and the emotion that is displayed (Gross, 2002; Gross & John, 2003).”
BackgroundCrowley, J. P., & Knowles, J. H. (2014) · Communication Reports · doi:10.1080/08934215.2013.835850 · Cited by 4
“Conversely, individuals who express negative emotions may experience physical benefits (Iwamitsu et al., 2005; Pennebaker, 1997) but can encounter negative social consequences (Gross, 2002).”
BackgroundRoß, T., Fontao, M. I., & Schneider, R. (2007) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.100.4.1171-1185 · Cited by 4
Near Infrared Spectroscopic Study of Brain Activity during Cognitive Conflicts on Facial Expressions
Nakagawa, M., Matsui, M., Katagiri, M., & Hoshino, T. (2015) · Research in psychology and behavioral sciences · doi:10.12691/rpbs-3-2-3 · Cited by 4
“The incongruent condition may have caused a higher load than the congruent condition because of cognitive reappraisal [38] and processing bias [14].”
BackgroundCofré-Lizama, A., Mella, E. R., & Angulo-Díaz, P. (2014) · Summa Psicológica · doi:10.18774/448x.2014.11.154 · Cited by 4
“…del instrumento entrega, son trabajados con los pacientes durante el programa, a través de una constante reevaluación, y re-significación emocional de los eventos (Gross, 2002); de modo que el STAI no solo permite identificar la sintomatología, sino también operar como un criterio de contraste.”
BackgroundEEG Study of Emotional Intelligence Among Adolescents
Tolegenova, A. A., Аimaganbetova, О., Naurzalina, D., Kunanbayeva, M., & Seitkerimovna, A. N. (2016) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.02.148 · Cited by 4
The Banker to Engage in Emotional Labor's Stresses and Burnout
Kim, S., & Hong, C.-H. (2014) · Korean Journal of Stress Research · doi:10.17547/kjsr.2014.22.2.97 · Cited by 4
Noguchi, M., & Yoshikawa, S. (2014) · JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS · doi:10.4092/jsre.21.124 · Cited by 4
Emotion Regulation in Depression: An Integrative Review
Mehrabi, A., Mohammadkhani, P., Dolatshahi, B., Pourshahbaz, A., & Mohammadi, A. (2014) · Practice in Clinical Psychology · Cited by 4
이지영, & 정지현 (2016) · Korean Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.17315/kjhp.2016.21.4.003 · Cited by 5
Measuring User Experience in Situ: Use Emotion Data to Assess User Experience
Chen, Y., You, F., Wang, J., et al. (2017) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-60492-3_52 · Cited by 4
Pastuszak-Draxler, A., & Gierowski, J. K. (2017) · Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy · doi:10.12740/app/80161 · Cited by 5
Well-Being at Work: Applying Dynamics of Affect in Positive Psychological Interventions
Sosnowska, J., & Griep, Y. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-20583-6_14 · Cited by 4
Traue, H. C., Kessler, H., & Deighton, R. M. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800951-2.00028-5 · Cited by 4
Developing a Multimodal Affect Assessment for Aviation Training
Li, T., Jraidi, I., Ruiz‐Segura, A., Holton, L., & Lajoie, S. P. (2020) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-49663-0_5 · Cited by 5
Moghaddam, F. E., Abdollahi, M. H., & Shahgholian, M. (2015) · The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam · doi:10.18869/acadpub.shefa.3.4.31 · Cited by 4
Identity (Re)Construction of Female Adolescents with Substance Use Disorders
Treiber, D. N., & Booysen, L. A. E. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18137022 · Cited by 8
“Self-schemas form around important aspects of the self and reflect domains of enduring salience, investment, and concern [52].”
Background付, 秋., 傅, 小., & 刘, 烨. (2009) · Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version) · doi:10.1360/csb2009-54-18-2783 · Cited by 3
Perez-Meana, H. M., Guzman, R. D., & Espana, T. (2013) · Asian journal of natural and applied sciences/Asian journal of natural & applied sciences · Cited by 4
The emotion experience of Chinese American and European American children
Liu, C. H.-J. (2008) · Scholars' Bank (University of Oregon) · Cited by 4
Are There Biological Commonalities Among Different Psychiatric Disorders?
Etkin, A., & Pittenger, C. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118753378.ch15 · Cited by 4
“Gross (2002) has proposed a framework for classifying different emotion-regulation strategies.”
BackgroundCausal Attributions: A Review of the Past and Directions for the Future
Sweeton, J., & Deerrose, B. (2010) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e741472011-004 · Cited by 4
“Reappraisal, a type of response modulation (Gross, 2002), involves reinterpreting or reconstructing one’s perception of a situation.”
BackgroundEmotion Dysregulation: A Predictor for CBT Treatment Outcomes in a Comorbid PTSD and Sud Population
Wallach, J. R., & Hien, D. A. (2014) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e547812014-001 · Cited by 4
Woodman, T., Hardy, L., & Barlow, M. (2020) · doi:10.1002/9781119568124.ch9 · Cited by 4
Are Changes in the Perception of Major Life Events Associated With Changes in Subjective Well-Being?Preprint
Haehner, P., Pfeifer, L. S., Faßbender, I., & Luhmann, M. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/hzkq4 · Cited by 4
Detecting Genuine and Deliberate Displays of Surprise in Static and Dynamic FacesPreprint
Zloteanu, M., Krumhuber, E. G., & Richardson, D. C. (2018) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/njmvq · Cited by 4
Petruso, F., Giff, A. E., Milano, B. A., Rossi, M. M. D., & Saccaro, L. F. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/2rnk8 · Cited by 4
Harms, M. B., & Pollak, S. D. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-96023-6.00036-1 · Cited by 5
The Workplace Dynamic of People-Pleasing: Understanding Its Effects on Productivity and Well-Being
Georgescu, R. I., & Bodislav, D. A. (2025) · Encyclopedia · doi:10.3390/encyclopedia5030095 · Cited by 4
Emotional regulation and Arnold’s self-ideal: a way to flourishment
Ruiz-Fuster, F., Bernal-Martínez de Soria, A., & Echavarría, M. F. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1425850 · Cited by 3
“…as the deliberate strategy par excellence to regulate emotion, since it allows modifying the valuation given to the stimulus that generates the emotion (Etkin et al., 2015) and allows changing the way of thinking about a situation to reduce the emotional impact it produced (Gross, 2002).”
Background“Self-regulation in competitive sports,”
Beckmann, J., Beckmann-Waldenmayer, D., & Wolf, S. A. (2023) · Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-03921-8_20 · Cited by 4
Панкратова, А. А., Parshikova, O., & Chertkova, Y. (2022) · Психология Журнал Высшей школы экономики · doi:10.17323/1813-8918-2022-2-241-258 · Cited by 3
Kiani, B., Hadianfard, H., Mitchell, J. T., & Weiss, M. D. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-04766-z · Cited by 3
“In contrast to expressive suppression, reap - praisal decreases negative experience, has no impact on memory, and might reduce physiological arousal (Gross, 2002; Jackson et al., 2000).”
The moderating role of catastrophizing in day‐to‐day dynamic stress and depressive symptoms
Zhan, L., Lin, L., Wang, X., Sun, X., Huang, Z., & Zhang, L. (2024) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.3404 · Cited by 3
Wen, A., Metts, A. V., Zinbarg, R. E., Mineka, S., & Craske, M. G. (2024) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2024.102941 · Cited by 6
Emotional Control in Education: Insights From High‐Achievers in PISA 2022
Pongsophon, P. (2025) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.23401 · Cited by 3
“Emotional control specifically refers to managing and regulating one's emotional responses (Gross 2002; John and Gross 2004).”
Strecker, K., Sim, E.-J., Woike, K., Schönfeldt‐Lecuona, C., Radermacher, P., Karabatsiakis, A., & Kiefer, M. (2025) · NeuroImmunoModulation · doi:10.1159/000544833 · Cited by 3
“Conversely, cognitive reappraisal is seen as a protective factor against developing MDD [33], involving construing emotional situations nonemotion-ally [39].”
Lin, K., Li, P., Zhang, P.-Z., Jin, P., Ma, X.-F., Tong, G., Xiao, W. H., Bai, X., Wang, G.-Q., & Han, Y. (2025) · IBRO Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.04.003 · Cited by 4
“Many emotion-regulation techniques, including reappraisal, deep breathing, and meditation, are used as a set of cognitive and behavioral strategies to cope with stress and regulate emotions (McRae and Gross, 2020; Gross, 2002).”
Emotional intelligence and employee creativity in high-tech firms
Santos, M. C., Coelho, F., Sousa, C. M. P., & Evanschitzky, H. (2025) · Innovation · doi:10.1080/14479338.2025.2474960 · Cited by 3
“In such circumstances, emotionally intelligent individuals attempt to regulate their emotional responses to better serve their goals (Gross, 2002).”
Ma’ruf, H., Juhaidi, A., Hafiz, M. R., & Fitri, S. (2025) · Cogent Education · doi:10.1080/2331186x.2025.2511448 · Cited by 12
“Children who are able to manage their emotions well tend to find it easier to establish positive social relationships and show better adaptability, both in the educational context at school and in everyday life (Gross, 2002; Kraiss et al., 2020; Kim et al., 2024; Dom (cid:2) enech et al., 2024).”
Horner, S., Rawliuk, T., Ferstl, R. M., Lyons, A. L., Martin, J., Gorbet, D. J., Stevens, W. D., & Greening, S. G. (2025) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhaf161 · Cited by 3
“Reappraisal is a form of emotion regulation in which one changes one’s thoughts or interpretations of an emotional stimulus to change or maintain their emotional state (Gross 1998, 2002).”
Emotionality in Political Social Media Communications: The Moderating Role of Audience Diversity
Fossen, B. L., & Schweidel, D. A. (2025) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.2022.0064 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Gross, J. J.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gross, James J.
- ORCID
- Gross, James J.
- Venue
- Psychophysiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2002-05
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 281-291
- ISSN
- 0048-5772 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8986
- OpenAlex
- W2128126978
- Cited by
- 4,890
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 341 · 2025: 492 · 2024: 315 · 2023: 314 · 2022: 321 · 2021: 315 · 2020: 273 · 2019: 267 · 2018: 276 · 2017: 254 · 2016: 226 · 2015: 232 · 2014: 233 · 2013: 228 · 2012: 179
- FWCI
- 5.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Psychophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 58147)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- emotion regulation, cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression, process model of emotion regulation, emotional experience, emotional expression, memory impairment, individual differences
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Cognition, Emotions, Humans, Psychophysiology, Social Behavior
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