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Cited by 999Neural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesMemory and Neural MechanismsNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 369 of the 374 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Toward a general psychobiological theory of emotions

Panksepp, Jaak·1982·Behavioral and Brain Sciences
DOI 10.1017/s0140525x00012759
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Abstract

Abstract Emotions seem to arise ultimately from hard-wired neural circuits in the visceral-limbic brain that facilitate diverse and adaptive behavioral and physiological responses to major classes of environmental challenges. Presumably these circuits developed early in mammalian brain evolution, and the underlying control mechanisms remain similar in humans and “lower” mammals. This would suggest that theoretically guided studies of the animal brain can reveal how primitive emotions are organized in the human brain. Conversely, granted this cross-species heritage, it is arguable that human introspective access to emotional states may provide direct information concerning operations of emotive circuits and thus be a primary source of hypotheses for animal brain research. In this article the possibility that emotions are elaborated by transhypothalamic executive (command) circuits that concurrently activate related behavior patterns is assessed. Current neurobehavioral evidence indicates that there are at least four executive circuits of this type – those which elaborate central states of expectancy, rage, fear, and panic. The manner in which learning and psychiatric disorders may arise from activities of such circuits is also discussed.

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Research works printed but not linked: 63

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Metadata

Authors
Panksepp, J.
Affiliations
Bowling Green State University (US)
Corresponding author
Panksepp, Jaak
Venue
Behavioral and Brain Sciences
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
1982-09
Volume
5
Issue
3
Pages
407-422
ISSN
  • 0140-525X (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-1825
DOI
10.1017/s0140525x00012759
OpenAlex
W2114814559
Cited by
999
References
374
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 28
FWCI
28.52
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 10018 d)
Locations
Behavioral and Brain Sciences (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords
emotions, neural circuits, mammalian brain evolution, expectancy, RAGE, fear, panic, learning, mental illness, self-reflection

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