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What is resilience? A review and concept analysis.
Abstract
Summary: The complexities of defining what appears to be the relatively simple concept of resilience are widely recognized. This paper analyses the concept of resilience from a range of disciplinary perspectives and clarifies a definition in order to inform research, policy and practice. The work takes a life course approach to resilience, examining evidence derived from research across the lifespan. It incorporates the methods of systematic review, concept analysis and consultation through face-to-face meetings. The synthesis of methodological approaches enables a clear identification of the antecedents, defining attributes and consequences of resilience, validated with stakeholder partners. Through this process, resilience is defined as the process of effectively negotiating, adapting to, or managing significant sources of stress or trauma. Assets and resources within the individual, their life and environment facilitate this capacity for adaptation and ‘bouncing back’ in the face of adversity. Across the life course, the experience of resilience will vary. A large proportion of resilience research is routed within the discipline of developmental psychology, and has mainly been developed with children and adolescents. A major contribution to resilience research could be made through more multi-disciplinary studies that examine the dynamics of resilience across the lifespan, its role in healthy ageing and in managing loss, such as changes in cognitive functioning.
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“In addition to general trait resilience, several individual difference variables are known to facilitate positive adaptation to stressors and adversity, and these are often referred to as resiliency factors (Windle, 2011; Pangallo et al., 2015).”
From Media for Coping During COVID-19 Social Distancing: Stress, Anxiety, and Psychological Well-Being (2020) · cites this paper as Windle, 2011
In the citing paper
“Second, the resilience literature further suggests that these factors may also moderate the effects of a stressor on well-being, as they promote positive adaptation to adversity (Windle, 2011; Kalisch et al., 2017).”
From Media for Coping During COVID-19 Social Distancing: Stress, Anxiety, and Psychological Well-Being (2020) · cites this paper as Windle, 2011
In the citing paper
“First, previous research suggests a direct positive influence of trait resilience and protective and promotive resiliency factors on adaptation to stress and psychological well-being (Windle, 2011).”
From Media for Coping During COVID-19 Social Distancing: Stress, Anxiety, and Psychological Well-Being (2020) · cites this paper as Windle, 2011
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In Their Own Words: How Family Carers of People with Dementia Understand Resilience
O’Dwyer, S., Moyle, W., Taylor, T. J., Creese, J., & Zimmer‐Gembeck, M. J. (2017) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs7030057 · Cited by 34
The relationship between meaning in life and resilience in older adults: a cross-sectional study
Mohseni, M., Iranpour, A., Naghibzadeh‐Tahami, A., Kazazi, L., & Borhaninejad, V. (2019) · Health Psychology Report · doi:10.5114/hpr.2019.85659 · Cited by 34
“Due to the prevalence of psychophysical problems, especially chronic diseases, the importance of a dynamic and complex process to confront these problems is apparent, which is called the resilience process (Windle, 2011).”
BackgroundHill, L., Winefield, H. R., & Bennett, P. C. (2020) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1111/ap.12466 · Cited by 44
“Resilience is not solely the absence of psychopathology but a dynamic process that enables an individual to effectively negotiate, adapt to and/or manage sources of stress, adversity or trauma over the lifespan (Windle, 2011).”
BackgroundPowell, K. M., Rahm-Knigge, R., & Conner, B. T. (2020) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/0033294120950288 · Cited by 30
“Windle (2011) defines resilience as “the process of effectively 1438 Psychological Reports 124(4) negotiating, adapting to, or managing significant sources of stress or trauma”.”
BackgroundTan, J. Y., Tam, W., Goh, H. S., Ow, C. C., & Wu, X. V. (2021) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.14940 · Cited by 34
Resilience does matter: evidence from a 10-year cohort record linkage study
Elliott, A. M., Burton, C. D., & Hannaford, P. C. (2014) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003917 · Cited by 35
Antecedents of women managers’ resilience: conceptual discussion and implications for HRM
Tabassum, N., Shafique, S., Konstantopoulou, A., & Arslan, A. (2019) · International journal of organizational analysis · doi:10.1108/ijoa-07-2018-1476 · Cited by 43
“In addition, there is an emerging debate in the literature about whether resilience is a trait, a capacity, or a process (Windle, 2011; Kossek and Perrigino, 2016).”
BackgroundChrétien, A., Hayotte, M., Vuillemin, A., & d’Arripe-Longueville, F. (2024) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102689 · Cited by 33
Oñate, L., & Calvete, E. (2017) · Psychosocial Intervention · doi:10.1016/j.psi.2016.11.002 · Cited by 51
“La resiliencia es un proceso que lleva a una adaptación positiva ante una situación considerada de adversidad (Luthar, Cicchetti y Becker, 2000; Windle, 2011).”
BackgroundHeathcote, K., Wullschleger, M., & Sun, J. (2018) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2018.1479780 · Cited by 29
“For example, the inclusion criteria for eligible interventions were informed a priori, by theoretical models described in the literature [22,37,39,42].”
BackgroundResilience in Koreans With Cancer
Lee, S., Lee, H., Fawcett, J., & Park, J. H. (2019) · Journal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing · doi:10.1097/njh.0000000000000543 · Cited by 32
“It was designed to identify the degree of individual resilience, which is a positive personality characteristic that promotes individual adaptation.(9) A short version of the RS (RS-14) was developed to ease the burden on participants by providing a shorter instrument, with 14 items selected from the original RS.”
BackgroundWat is vitaliteit en hoe is het te meten?
Strijk, J. E., Wendel‐Vos, W., Picavet, H. S. J., Hofstetter, H., & Hildebrandt, V. H. (2015) · TSG - Tijdschrift voor gezondheidswetenschappen · doi:10.1007/s12508-015-0013-y · Cited by 34
“Veerkracht is een dynamisch en lerend proces, waarbij mensen terugveren (of herstellen) na een ingrijpende gebeurtenis en weer doorgaan met het dagelijkse leven.(23,25,26) Dit proces wordt beı̈nvloed door zogenaamde ‘beschermende factoren’, ofwel competenties.”
Developing the resilient project professional: examining the student experience
Turner, M., Scott‐Young, C. M., & Holdsworth, S. (2018) · International Journal of Managing Projects in Business · doi:10.1108/ijmpb-01-2018-0001 · Cited by 40
Early Aftermath of February 6 Earthquakes in Turkey: PTSD, PTG, and Resilience
Bilge, Y., Emiral, E., & Demirci, H. (2024) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2023.2254216 · Cited by 32
“According to Windle (2011), resilience is the process of evaluating, managing, and adapting to significant stress or trauma situations.”
BackgroundChang, P.-J., Yarnal, C., & Chick, G. (2016) · Journal of Leisure Research · doi:10.18666/jlr-2016-v48-i3-6256 · Cited by 34
“However, achieving resilience differs by person (Windle, 2011), as some recover, sustain, and develop their resources and gain better health across the life span despite illness while others do not (Ong & Bergeman, 2004).”
BackgroundJuggling identities of rheumatoid arthritis, motherhood and paid work – a grounded theory study
Feddersen, H., Kristiansen, T. M., Andersen, P. T., Hørslev‐Petersen, K., & Primdahl, J. (2018) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2018.1433723 · Cited by 32
“Resilience means the ability to cope with and adapt to challenges without buckling under them [48,49].”
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Perinatal Resilience for the First 1,000 Days of Life. Concept Analysis and Delphi Survey
Haeken, S. V., Braeken, M. A. K. A., Nuyts, T., Franck, E., Timmermans, O., & Bogaerts, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.563432 · Cited by 32
“Self-efficacy and self-esteem were additional attributes mentioned in other general resilience research (Windle, 2011; Garcia-Dia et al., 2013).”
BackgroundInfluentialResilience and mindfulness in nurse training on an undergraduate curriculum
Mitchell, A. E. P. (2020) · Perspectives In Psychiatric Care · doi:10.1111/ppc.12714 · Cited by 36
Brosch, K., Stein, F., Meller, T., Schmitt, S., Yüksel, D., Ringwald, K. G., Pfarr, J., Waltemate, L., Lemke, H., Opel, N., et al. (2021) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291721001094 · Cited by 35
“Resilience is a protective mechanism which is defined as the dynamic process to successfully adapt and cope with trauma, adversity, and negative stressors (Newman, 2005; Windle, 2011).”
BackgroundDray, J. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18147315 · Cited by 48
Perera, H. N., & Ganguly, R. (2018) · Assessment (Odessa, Fla.) · doi:10.1177/1073191116646444 · Cited by 31
“Similarly, Windle (2011) proposes an integrative resilience framework in which resilience is defined as a multifaceted process concerning the capacity for adaptation under adversity, involving individual (e.g., efficacy), social (e.g., family support), and community/societal (e.g., community…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialGovernance and resilience: A case of re-development after a bushfire disaster
Gajendran, T., & Oloruntoba, R. (2017) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2017.03.016 · Cited by 32
Instruments for Measuring the Resilience of Indigenous Adolescents: An Exploratory Review
Jongen, C. S., Langham, E., Bainbridge, R. G., & McCalman, J. (2019) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2019.00194 · Cited by 33
“Constructs of Resilience Resilience has been conceptualized as a set of personality traits which assist a person to adapt positively through adversity (8).”
BackgroundWoollett, N., Cluver, L., Hatcher, A. M., & Brahmbhatt, H. (2016) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.09.039 · Cited by 47
“‘Resilience’ is a relatively novel and decidedly complex concept (Ungar, 2013; Cicchetti, 2010; Windle, 2011; Masten, 2014; Zolkoski & Bullock, 2012).”
BackgroundA scoping review of the concept of resilience among African American women
Woods‐Giscombé, C. L., Williams, K. P., Conklin, J., Dodd, A., Bravo, L., Anderson, A. M., Frazier, T. A., Bey, G., Robinson, M. N., Warren, B. J., et al. (2023) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2023.04.008 · Cited by 37
Beyond Expectations of Resilience: Towards a Language of Care
Shwaikh, M. (2023) · Global Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1093/isagsq/ksad030 · Cited by 42
Rüther, L., Jahn, J., & Marksteiner, T. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1216195 · Cited by 54
“…the current research consensus, conceptualizing resilience as a multilevel construct of protective factors such as personal competencies, support structures and situational factors that determine the temporary ability of coping with stressors and aversive experiences (Windle, 2011; Leipold, 2015).”
BackgroundVyncke, V., Hardyns, W., Peersman, W., Pauwels, L. J. R., Groenewegen, P., & Willems, S. J. T. (2014) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-960 · Cited by 31
“Resilience can be defined as the ability to ‘bounce back’ in times of stress [58,59].”
BackgroundRomero, N. A. R., Gallegos-Guajardo, J., Solís, M. G. O., & Andrade, H. R. B. (2019) · Diversitas · doi:10.15332/s1794-9998.2019.0001.07 · Cited by 32
Brown, T., Yu, M., Hewitt, A. E., Isbel, S. T., Bevitt, T., & Etherington, J. (2019) · Australian Occupational Therapy Journal · doi:10.1111/1440-1630.12622 · Cited by 31
Kennett, D. J., Quinn‐Nilas, C., & Carty, T. (2020) · Studies in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/03075079.2020.1723532 · Cited by 31
“…current study, we delineate resilience as an outcome aligning with its most basic root word meaning of recovering and regaining optimal levels of functioning after facing adversity (Fletcher and Sarkar 2013; Salisu and Hashim 2017; Smith et al. 2008; Windle 2011; Windle, Bennett, and Noyes 2011).”
BackgroundResilience, Psychological Distress, and Academic Burnout among Accounting Students*
Smith, K. J., & Emerson, D. J. (2021) · Accounting Perspectives · doi:10.1111/1911-3838.12254 · Cited by 31
Zhang, X., Deng, X., Mo, Y., Li, Y., Song, X., & Li, H. (2021) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deab096 · Cited by 37
Baum, M. K., Tamargo, J. A., Diaz‐Martinez, J., Delgado‐Enciso, I., Meade, C. S., Kirk, G. D., Mehta, S. H., Moore, R. D., Kipke, M. D., SHOPTAW, S. J., et al. (2021) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109230 · Cited by 33
“Resilience, in general terms, is the process of coping with stress or trauma (Smith et al., 2013; Windle, 2011).”
Social Support and Resilience among Syrian Refugees: The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy
Pak, Ş., Yurtbakan, T., & Acartürk, C. (2022) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2022.2061882 · Cited by 40
“Resilience in the face of adversity focuses on strengths (Fergus & Zimmerman, 2005), examines how to overcome adverse life experiences, and emphasizes significant factors contributing to the resilience process (Waller, 2001; Windle, 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialZale, E. L., Pierre‐Louis, C., Macklin, E. A., Riklin, E. I. K., & Vranceanu, A. (2017) · Journal of Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1007/s11060-017-2720-5 · Cited by 31
Ortega, F. Z., Cuberos, R. C., Sánchez, M. C., Vela, F. L. G., & González-Valero, G. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15071329 · Cited by 34
“In this sense, resilience capacity will integrate cognitive and affective components, as well as abilities and behaviour enabling the development of healthy behaviours and positive answers in facing adversity, increasing the life expectancy of people [16].”
BackgroundHuisman, M. A., Klokgieters, S. S., & Beekman, A. T. F. (2017) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796017000348 · Cited by 32
“Across the life course, the experience of resilience will vary’ (Windle, 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialWang, J., Huang, X., Li, Z., Chen, K., Jin, Z., He, J., Han, B., Feng, L., Meng, N., Yang, C., et al. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-18167-9 · Cited by 60
“Research on resilience or psychological resilience is exerting a tremendous fascination on the field of positive psychology, as resilience theory emphasizes strengths rather than vulnerabilities and health development despite adversity [35].”
BackgroundA review of quantitative studies of South African youth resilience: Some gaps
van Rensburg, A., Theron, L. C., & Rothmann, S. (2015) · South African Journal of Science · doi:10.17159/sajs.2015/20140164 · Cited by 35
Burnett, H. J. (2017) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/2158244017730857 · Cited by 36
Bhattacharyya, P., Jena, L. K., & Pradhan, S. (2019) · Journal of Health Management · doi:10.1177/0972063418821815 · Cited by 38
Choi, A. W., Lo, B. C. Y., Lo, R. T.-F., To, P. Y. L., & Wong, J. Y. H. (2019) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260519888532 · Cited by 40
“More attention has been paid recently to individual resilience after trauma, though there is no universal definition of resilience or agreement on whether it should be conceptualized as a personality trait or process (Fletcher & Sarkar, 2013; Windle, 2011).”
BackgroundThoma, M. V., Höltge, J., Eising, C. M., Pfluger, V., & Rohner, S. L. (2020) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2020.580969 · Cited by 31
“A critical facet of resilience research is the examination of the interplay between risk factors and resilience (Windle, 2011).”
BackgroundChernova, A., Frajo-Apor, B., Pardeller, S., Tutzer, F., Plattner, B., Häring, C., Holzner, B., Kemmler, G., Marksteiner, J., Miller, C., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.766261 · Cited by 38
“It is still a young concept (15) and to date, there is no uniform definition of resilience (16).”
BackgroundDageid, W., & Grønlie, A. A. (2013) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105313513623 · Cited by 30
“Following a review of more than 270 research articles, Windle (2011) defined resilience as The process of negotiating, managing and adapting to significant sources of stress or trauma.”
Lauridsen, L. S., Willert, M. V., Eskildsen, A., & Christiansen, D. H. (2017) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1403494817721056 · Cited by 30
Swanson, A. C., Geller, J., DeMartini, K. S., Fernandez, A. C., & Fehon, D. C. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings · doi:10.1007/s10880-018-9559-6 · Cited by 30
Physical activity as a causal variable for adolescent resilience levels: A cross-lagged analysis
Guo, L., & Liang, L. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1095999 · Cited by 40
“Introduction Resilience refers to an individual’s ability to adapt to and/or psychologically rebound from adversity, trauma, threats, and stressful events, and can foster environmental adaptability, mental rehabilitation, and emotional relief (Windle, 2011).”
BackgroundHendrickson, Z. M., Kim, J., Tol, W. A., Shrestha, A., Kafle, H. M., Luitel, N. P., Thapa, L., & Surkan, P. J. (2017) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732317739265 · Cited by 30
Role of Stress and Psychosocial Determinants on Women's Cardiovascular Risk and Disease Development
Medina‐Inojosa, J. R., Vinnakota, S., Garcia, M. C., Calle, M. C. A., Mulvagh, S. L., López-Jiménez, F. A., & Bhagra, A. (2018) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2018.7035 · Cited by 28
“56 Some of the measurement tools with the best psychometric ratings include the Perceived Stress Scale, 57 the Brief Resi-lience Scale, 58 the Resilience Scale for Adults, 59 and the Connor Davidson Scale.”
Jongen, C. S., McCalman, J., & Bainbridge, R. G. (2020) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2019.00351 · Cited by 31
“These factors can be conceptualized as assets or resources, with assets being individual-level protective and promotive factors and resources being contextual and environmental influences (3, 37, 40).”
BackgroundConceptual Research Framework of Consumer Resilience to Privacy Violation Online
Budak, J., Rajh, E., Slijepčević, S., & Škrinjarić, B. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13031238 · Cited by 29
“This group of factors exists at the community or society level and they are generated by social, political, institutional, and economic forces [85].”
BackgroundVeronese, G., Pepe, A., & Giordano, F. (2021) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-021-02067-2 · Cited by 36
Koivunen, K., Portegijs, E., Sillanpää, E., Eronen, J., Kokko, K., & Rantanen, T. (2021) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-021-03002-0 · Cited by 35
Resilience-enhancing interventions for antepartum depressive symptoms: systematic review
Walker, A. L., Witteveen, A. B., Otten, R. H. J., Verhoeven, C. J. M., Henrichs, J., & de Jonge, A. (2022) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2022.60 · Cited by 31
Surżykiewicz, J., Skalski‐Bednarz, S. B., Niesiobędzka, M., & Konaszewski, K. (2022) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2022.954382 · Cited by 69
“Studies have demonstrated a significant positive relationship between resilience and both hedonistic and eudaimonistic well-being (Wagnild and Young, 1993; Abolghasemi and Varaniyab, 2010; Windle, 2011; Ya et al., 2012; He et al., 2013; Liu et al., 2013; Aiena et al., 2015; Di Fabio and Palazzeschi, 2015; Smith and Ho…”
BackgroundResilience in the context of Erikson’s theory of human development
Svetina, M. (2014) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-014-9218-5 · Cited by 35
“experienced trauma or adversity, the resilience research in the last decade focused also on the identification of strengths, health, and well being as factors of resilience (Windle 2011; Zolkoski and Bullock 2012; Pearce 2011).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialGenetic and environmental contributions to psychological resilience and coping
Navrady, L. B., Zeng, Y., Clarke, T., Adams, M. J., Howard, D. M., Deary, I. J., & McIntosh, A. M. (2018) · Wellcome Open Research · doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.13854.1 · Cited by 28
Doi, S. K., Fujiwara, T., Isumi, A., Ochi, M., & Kato, T. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00192 · Cited by 30
Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale: a systematic review psychometrics properties using the COSMIN
Nia, H. S., Sánchez‐Teruel, D., Froelicher, E. S., Hejazi, S. S., Hosseini, L., Fomani, F. K., Moshtagh, M., Mollaei, F., Goudarzian, A. H., & Babaei, A. (2024) · Annals of Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1097/ms9.0000000000001968 · Cited by 37
“Considering the existing de fi nitions of psychological resilience, it is clearly stated that resilience is people ’ s capacity derived from individual and social assets and resources for ‘ bouncing back ’ and adapting to adversities across the lifespan [105] .”
Wadi, M., Shorbagi, A., Shorbagi, S., Taha, M., & Yusoff, M. S. B. (2024) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-024-05444-9 · Cited by 30
Kok, A. A. L., Huisman, M. A., Giltay, E. J., & Lunansky, G. (2025) · The Lancet Healthy Longevity · doi:10.1016/j.lanhl.2024.100673 · Cited by 32
Beshai, S., & Parmar, P. (2018) · Clinical Psychologist · doi:10.1111/cp.12147 · Cited by 28
“Although there is considerable discussion regarding how resilience should be defined, several researchers agree that resilience is a dynamic process typified by the capacity to successfully adapt or “bounce-back” from stress and adversity (Masten, 2001; Windle, 2011).”
BackgroundParental Adverse Childhood Experiences and Resilience on Coping After Discharge
Shah, A. N., Beck, A. F., Sucharew, H. J., Litman, S., Pfefferman, C., Haney, J., Shah, S. S., Simmons, J. M., Auger, K. A., & on behalf of the H2O Study Group (2018) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2017-2127 · Cited by 28
Wang, J., Li, D., Bai, X.-M., Cui, J., Lu, Y., Mu, X. L., & Yang, R. (2021) · European Journal of Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.eujim.2021.101323 · Cited by 28
Lines, R. L. J., Ducker, K. J., Ntoumanis, N., Thøgersen‐Ntoumani, C., Fletcher, D., & Gucciardi, D. F. (2021) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13846 · Cited by 35
Resilience is associated with frailty and older age in hospitalised patients
Lenti, M. V., Brera, A. S., Ballesio, A., Croce, G., Padovini, L., Bertolino, G., Sabatino, A. D., Klersy, C., & Corazza, G. R. (2022) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-022-03251-9 · Cited by 30
“Background Resilience is a key variable that is rising an ever-great interest among clinicians [1, 2] and consists of a process of negotiation, adaptation or management of stressors, encompassing a broad spectrum of personal abilities that allow bouncing back despite adversities [1, 3].”
BackgroundOnline engagement, resilience, and loneliness among older people during the COVID-19 pandemic
Zhang, K., Burr, J. A., Mutchler, J. E., & Lu, J. (2023) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116026 · Cited by 30
“…(distinguished as “resiliency” by Luthar et al., 2000), more recent conceptualizations and empirical research view resilience as a dynamic process that can be developed or enhanced through interactions between internal factors and the external environment (Prince-Embury, 2013; Windle, 2011).”
From extraordinary invulnerability to ordinary magic: A literature review of resilience
Winders, S. (2014) · Journal of European Psychology Students · doi:10.5334/jeps.bk · Cited by 28
“Since resilience is a dynamic multidimensional concept (Windle, 2011), it is difficult to predict the relative importance of each protective factor alone as the interaction between them is so subjective, and may even”
BackgroundDuong, C., & Hurst, C. P. (2016) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/s13104-016-2099-y · Cited by 28
Palmes, M. S., Trajera, S. M., & Ching, G. S. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph181910006 · Cited by 31
“Importantly, it consists of the qualities that enable one to thrive despite adversity [37].”
BackgroundCoping as a Mediator Between Negative Life Events and Eudaimonic Well-Being in Female Adolescents
Bryden, C. I., Field, A. M., & Francis, A. J. P. (2015) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-015-0180-0 · Cited by 32
Resilience and return-to-work pain interventions: systematic review
Wainwright, E. M., Wainwright, D. W., Coghill, N. F., Walsh, J., & Perry, R. E. (2019) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqz012 · Cited by 29
Fostering the Resilience of People With Dementia: A Narrative Literature Review
Whelan, S., Teahan, Á., & Casey, D. (2020) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.00045 · Cited by 28
“TABLE 3 | The impact of interventions applied to the Resilience Process (8) and Framework (9).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialConway, L., Wolverson, E., & Clarke, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.00219 · Cited by 27
“Narratives of resilience promote a strength-based approach to dementia that moves beyond dominant discourses of loss and deficit (2).”
BackgroundYang, W., & Lee, P. P. C. (2023) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/ijchm-07-2020-0761 · Cited by 29
In the face of adversity: Resiliency in winter sport athletes
Brown, H. E., Lafferty, M., & Triggs, C. (2015) · Science & Sports · doi:10.1016/j.scispo.2014.09.006 · Cited by 27
Resilience in Caregivers of Partners With Young Onset Dementia: A Concept Analysis
Kobiske, K. R., & Bekhet, A. K. (2018) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840.2017.1400625 · Cited by 27
Windle, G., Bennett, K. M., MacLeod, C., & The CFAS WALES research team (2020) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.502314 · Cited by 27
“The adversity could be biological, psychological, economic, or social (8).”
BackgroundSelf-citationHildon, Z. J., Tan, C. S., Shiraz, F., Ng, W. C., Deng, X., Koh, G. C., Tan, K. B., Philp, I., Wiggins, D., Aw, S., et al. (2018) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-018-0739-x · Cited by 26
How does carer resilience change over time and care status? A qualitative longitudinal study
Donnellan, W. J., Bennett, K. M., & Soulsby, L. K. (2018) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2018.1503998 · Cited by 29
“Assets and resources within the individual, their life and environment facilitate this capacity for adaptation or ‘bouncing back’ in the face of adversity” (Windle, 2011: p. 163).”
BackgroundLiu, Y., & NGAI, S.-Y. S. (2018) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-018-9607-7 · Cited by 26
Klokgieters, S. S., van Tilburg, T. G., Deeg, D. J. H., & Huisman, M. A. (2019) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbz024 · Cited by 26
“Resilient responses result from a combination of individual, community and societal resources that help maintain well-being in old age (Windle, 2011).”
BackgroundDeveloping a model of resilience in older adulthood: a qualitative meta-synthesis
Wilson, C. A., Walker, D. L., & Saklofske, D. H. (2020) · Ageing and Society · doi:10.1017/s0144686x20000112 · Cited by 31
Hong, J., Mreydem, H., Ali, B. T. A., Saleh, N., Hammoudi, S., Lee, J., Ahn, J., Park, J., Hong, Y., Suh, S., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.733578 · Cited by 26
“Resilience means the process of effectively adapting to various adversities and failures, and managing them efficiently (22).”
BackgroundNajam, U., & Mustamil, N. B. M. (2022) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440221087273 · Cited by 33
“Windle (2011) defines employee resilience as the ability of an individual to sustain, maintain, or develop mental health under adversities.”
BackgroundZaw, A. M. M., Win, N. Z., & Thepthien, B. (2022) · School Psychology International · doi:10.1177/01430343221107114 · Cited by 26
“…mental health research has focused on shifting from risk and mental disorders to promoting positive outcomes, such as resilience, that continue to differ substantially in resilience-related to effectively negotiating, adapting to, or managing significant sources of stress or trauma (Windle, 2011).”
BackgroundOf Horses and Jockeys: Perceptions by Academic Entrepreneurs
Blair, C. A., & Shaver, K. G. (2019) · Entrepreneurship Research Journal · doi:10.1515/erj-2019-0011 · Cited by 27
Resilience predicts remission in antidepressant treatment of geriatric depression
Laird, K. T., Lavretsky, H., St. Cyr, N., & Siddarth, P. (2018) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.4953 · Cited by 23
“Our view, informed by recent research demonstrating the changeability of resilience across the lifespan,(58,77) is that resilience is a dynamic capacity that is influenced by both internal and environmental resources.(78) As such, we believe our findings point to the potential utility of resilience training in geriatr…”
BackgroundResilience as a Factor of Longevity and Gender Differences in Its Effects
Lakomý, M., & Kafková, M. P. (2017) · Czech Sociological Review · doi:10.13060/00380288.2017.53.3.336 · Cited by 28
“Our analysis here uses an indirect measurement of resilience based on the standard defi nition of resilience as the capacity to adapt in the face of adversity [Rowe 2010; Windle 2011].”
BackgroundMethodUse of Theory to Examine Health Responsibility in Urban Adolescents
Ayres, C. G., & Pontes, N. M. H. (2017) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2017.09.011 · Cited by 25
“Resilience is defined in this study as the competence to deal with stress or trauma and to ‘bounce-back’ from adversity with a varying degree of severity over life-time (Windle, 2011).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialDoes Resilience Moderate the Relationship Between Stress and Smoking Status?
Tsourtos, G., Ward, P., Miller, E. R., Hill, K. E., Barton, C., Wilson, C. J., & Woodman, R. J. (2019) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2018.1501066 · Cited by 28
“Resilience has been defined as recovering or “bouncing back” from adversity and gaining the ability to confront hardship whereby hope, meaning, and optimism are also gained (Deveson, 2003; Windle, 2011).”
BackgroundBu, H., & Duan, W. (2020) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/1049731520959445 · Cited by 25
“Resilience is generally conceptualized as an effective coping mechanism and positive adaptation among individuals facing adversities (Windle, 2011).”
BackgroundYang, G., Wang, L., Wang, J., Geng, Z., Liu, H., & Xu, T. (2021) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-021-02972-6 · Cited by 25
Sleep quality mediates the effect of chronotype on resilience in the time of COVID-19
Bazzani, A., Bruno, S., Frumento, P., Sanabria, F. C., Turchetti, G., & Faraguna, U. (2021) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2021.1895199 · Cited by 26
“Resilience has been defined as the “process of effectively negotiating, adapting to, or managing significant sources of stress or trauma” (Windle 2011, 163).”
BackgroundDíaz‐García, A., Franke, M., Herrero, R., Ebert, D. D., & Botella, C. (2020) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckaa255 · Cited by 23
Resilience resources among African American women living with HIV in Southern United States
Qiao, S., Ingram, L., Deal, M., Li, X., & Weissman, S. (2019) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/qad.0000000000002179 · Cited by 25
Bag, S. D., Kilby, C. J., Kent, J. N., Brooker, J., & Sherman, K. A. (2022) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00050067.2022.2089543 · Cited by 24
“Resilience has been defined as the ability to maintain or regain good mental health and functioning despite adversity (Windle, 2011), and is associated with increased wellbeing (Mehta et al., 2019).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Windle, G.
- Affiliations
- Bangor University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Windle, Gill
- ORCID
- Windle, Gill
- Venue
- Reviews in Clinical Gerontology
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2010-12-21
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 152-169
- ISSN
- 0959-2598 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-9036
- OpenAlex
- W1992046328
- Semantic Scholar
- 520183eefb37770d6249ca717e53d90b6e0059b0
- Cited by
- 1,761
- References
- 97
- Citations by year
- 2026: 161 · 2025: 209 · 2024: 158 · 2023: 178 · 2022: 208 · 2021: 171 · 2020: 158 · 2019: 117 · 2018: 94 · 2017: 87 · 2016: 74 · 2015: 64 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 14.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Reviews in Clinical Gerontology (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Vanderbilt University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health, psychology, and well-being
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
- Keywords
- resilience, conceptual analysis, life course, lifespan development, stress and trauma, adaptation, bouncing back, adversity, healthy aging, loss, cognitive decline, developmental psychology, interdisciplinary perspectives
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