Graphene-based wireless bacteria detection on tooth enamel
Open accessAbstract
Direct interfacing of nanosensors onto biomaterials could impact health quality monitoring and adaptive threat detection. Graphene is capable of highly sensitive analyte detection due to its nanoscale nature. Here we show that graphene can be printed onto water-soluble silk. This in turn permits intimate biotransfer of graphene nanosensors onto biomaterials, including tooth enamel. The result is a fully biointerfaced sensing platform, which can be tuned to detect target analytes. For example, via self-assembly of antimicrobial peptides onto graphene, we show bioselective detection of bacteria at single-cell levels. Incorporation of a resonant coil eliminates the need for onboard power and external connections. Combining these elements yields two-tiered interfacing of peptide-graphene nanosensors with biomaterials. In particular, we demonstrate integration onto a tooth for remote monitoring of respiration and bacteria detection in saliva. Overall, this strategy of interfacing graphene nanosensors with biomaterials represents a versatile approach for ubiquitous detection of biochemical targets.
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This contact lens sensor provided readouts up to 288 measurements within 24 h.
“This contact lens sensor provided readouts up to 288 measurements within 24 h.”
From Wearables in Medicine (2018) · cites this paper as [54]
The tooth-platform figure describes a graphene wireless sensor transferred onto a tooth, not a contact lens. The References section lists a separate contact-lens study, but our copy does not report 288 measurements in 24 hours for that study or for this sensor. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSensimed AG has introduced a contact lens sensor (Triggerfish) that holds Class IIa CE approval.
“Sensimed AG has introduced a contact lens sensor (Triggerfish) that holds Class IIa CE approval.54”
From Wearables in Medicine (2018) · cites this paper as [54]
The Introduction and References (pages unavailable) discuss biointegrated sensors and cite a different contact-lens sensor for tear glucose. Searches for Sensimed AG, Triggerfish, and Class IIa CE approval found no passage addressing the claimed product or its approval. (LLM, conf=0.77)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredTooth enamel incorporated with printed wireless graphene nano-sensors on biomaterials via silk bio-resorption can be used for bacteria detection in saliva.
“Another structure can be tooth enamel incorporated with printed wireless graphene nano-sensors on biomaterials via silk bio-resorption for bacteria detection in saliva [157].”
From The emergence of AI-based wearable sensors for digital health technology: a review (2023) · cites this paper as [157]
These bio-transferrable sensors exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity and promised pathogenic threats.
“These bio-transferrable sensors exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity and promised pathogenic threats.”
From The emergence of AI-based wearable sensors for digital health technology: a review (2023) · cites this paper as [157]
These oral-cavity sensors were integrated with a resonant coil for battery-free operation and were capable of detecting salivary bacteria at the single cell level in vitro using a naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide (AMP) biorecognition element along with label-free impedance transduction.
“These oral-cavity sensors were integrated with a resonant coil for battery-free operation and were capable of detecting salivary bacteria at the single cell level in vitro using a naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide (AMP) biorecognition element along with label-free impedance transduction.”
From Wearable biosensors for healthcare monitoring (2019) · cites this paper as [32]
Mannoor et al. reported graphene-based nanosensors printed onto water-soluble silk and transferred directly onto tooth enamel for passive, wireless bacteria detection.
“The field of oral biosensing was expanded by Mannoor et al.32, who reported graphene-based nanosensors printed onto water-soluble silk and transferred directly onto tooth enamel for passive, wireless bacteria detection.”
From Wearable biosensors for healthcare monitoring (2019) · cites this paper as [32]
The graphene silk sensor achieved a detection limit of 1 bacterium μL-1 for a range of 10^3-10^8 CFU mL-1 in wireless operation mode.
“Significantly, the sensor achieved detection limit of 1 bacterium µL -1 for a range of 10 3 -10 8 CFU mL -1 in wireless operation mode.”
From Nanomaterial-Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare (2018) · cites this paper as [169]
Graphene printed silk with interdigitated configuration, transferred to tooth enamel and functionalized with anti-microbial peptides, was used for wireless monitoring of respiration, Staphylococcus aureus, and selective recognition of Helicobacter pylori cells in saliva.
“The graphene silk was transferred to tooth enamel followed by functionalization with anti-microbial peptides for wireless monitoring of respiration, bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), and selectively recognize Helicobacter pylori cells in saliva as shown in Figure 6b.[169]”
From Nanomaterial-Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare (2018) · cites this paper as [169]
Wireless transmission capability can be enabled by integrating an antenna or a Bluetooth module.
“Wireless transmission capability can be enabled by integrating an antenna [169,175,176] or a Bluetooth module.[42,45,119,175]”
From Nanomaterial-Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare (2018) · cites this paper as [169]
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- Authors
- Mannoor, M. S., Tao, H., Clayton, J. D., Sengupta, A., Kaplan, D. L., Naik, R. R., Verma, N., Omenetto, F. G., & McAlpine, M. C.
- Affiliations
- Princeton University (US)
- Tufts University (US)
- Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (US)
- Corresponding author
- McAlpine, Michael C.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2012-03-27
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 763-763
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2170589179
- Cited by
- 1,014
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 89 · 2023: 90 · 2022: 112 · 2021: 87 · 2020: 110 · 2019: 93 · 2018: 79 · 2017: 77 · 2016: 72 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 24.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2013-05-21)
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Communications (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- American Asthma Foundation
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Keywords
- wireless sensing, bacterial detection, dental enamel, silk nanofibers, antimicrobial peptides, self-assembly, resonant coils, remote monitoring, saliva, respiratory monitoring, biointerfacing, printed electronics
- MeSH terms
- Biocompatible Materials, Dental Enamel, Escherichia coli, Graphite, Humans, Saliva, Staphylococcus aureus, Tooth, Biosensing Techniques, Helicobacter pylori, Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides, Nanotechnology, Nanostructures
About these checks
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