Wearable Electrochemical Glucose Sensors in Diabetes Management: A Comprehensive Review
Open accessAbstract
With the rising diabetic population, the demand for glucose sensing devices has also been on an increasing trend. Accordingly, the field of glucose biosensors for diabetes management has witnessed tremendous scientific and technological advancements since the introduction of the first enzymatic glucose biosensor in the 1960s. Among these, electrochemical biosensors hold considerable potential for tracking dynamic glucose profiles in real time. The recent evolution of wearable devices has opened opportunities to use alternative body fluids in a pain-free, noninvasive or minimally invasive manner. This review aims to present a comprehensive report about the status and promise of wearable electrochemical sensors for on-body glucose monitoring. We start by highlighting the importance of diabetes management and how sensors can contribute toward its effective monitoring. We then discuss the electrochemical glucose sensing mechanisms, evolution of such glucose sensors over time, different versions of wearable glucose biosensors targeting various biofluids, and multiplexed wearable sensors toward optimal diabetes management. Finally, we focus on the commercial aspects of wearable glucose biosensors, starting with existing continuous glucose monitors, followed by other emerging sensing technologies, and concluding with highlighting the key prospects toward personalized diabetes management in connection to an autonomous closed-loop artificial pancreas.
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Limitations of current wearable ISF devices include possible skin irritation due to passage of electric current or needle passage, cross-contamination from sweat, and sampling of extremely low fluid volumes after long operating periods in RI methods.
“The limitations include possible skin irritation due to the passage of electric current or needle passage, cross-contamination from sweat, and sampling of extremely low fluid volumes after long operating periods in RI methods [170].”
From The emergence of AI-based wearable sensors for digital health technology: a review (2023) · cites this paper as [170]
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The emergence of AI-based wearable sensors for digital health technology: a review
Shajari, S., Kuruvinashetti, K., Komeili, A., & Sundararaj, U. (2023) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s23239498 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
- Authors
- Saha, T., Del Caño, R., Mahato, K., De la Paz, E., Chen, C., Ding, S., Yin, L., & Wang, J.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Joseph
- Venue
- Chemical Reviews
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2023-05-30
- Volume
- 123
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 7854-7889
- ISSN
- 0009-2665 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6890
- OpenAlex
- W4378782672
- Cited by
- 442
- References
- 249
- Citations by year
- 2026: 136 · 2025: 168 · 2024: 116 · 2023: 22
- FWCI
- 7.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- Chemical Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Universidad de Córdoba Insitutional Repository (Universidad de Córdoba) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- University of California
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation United Kingdom (3-SRA-2022-1165-M-B)
- Universidad de C??rdoba
- Consejer??a de Transformaci??n Econ??mica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades de la Junta de Andaluc??a
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- wearable glucose sensor, electrochemical glucose sensor, diabetes management, continuous glucose monitoring, non-invasive glucose monitoring, personalized diabetes management
- MeSH terms
- Wearable Electronic Devices, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Biosensing Techniques
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