Cited by 754Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances researchSynthesis and properties of polymersToxic Organic Pollutants Impact

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Scientific Basis for Managing PFAS as a Chemical Class

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Kwiatkowski, Carol F., Andrews, David Q., Birnbaum, Linda S., Bruton, Thomas A., DeWitt, Jamie C., Knappe, Detlef R. U., Maffini, Maricel V., Miller, Mark F., Pelch, Katherine E., Reade, Anna, Soehl, Anna, Trier, Xenia, Venier, Marta, Wagner, Charlotte C., Wang, Zhanyun, Blum, Arlene·2020·Environmental Science & Technology Letters

DOI 10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00255PMC PMC8297807

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Abstract

This commentary presents a scientific basis for managing as one chemical class the thousands of chemicals known as PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances). The class includes perfluoroalkyl acids, perfluoroalkylether acids, and their precursors; fluoropolymers and perfluoropolyethers; and other PFAS. The basis for the class approach is presented in relation to their physicochemical, environmental, and toxicological properties. Specifically, the high persistence, accumulation potential, and/or hazards (known and potential) of PFAS studied to date warrant treating all PFAS as a single class. Examples are provided of how some PFAS are being regulated and how some businesses are avoiding all PFAS in their products and purchasing decisions. We conclude with options for how governments and industry can apply the class-based approach, emphasizing the importance of eliminating non-essential uses of PFAS, and further developing safer alternatives and methods to remove existing PFAS from the environment.

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the environment
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“Recently, an internationally authored paper called for PFAS to be managed as a class, based upon widespread use in commerce, shared inclusion of strong C-F bonding, and resulting environmental persistence of common terminal products (157).”
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See all 754

Authors: Kwiatkowski, C. F., Andrews, D. Q., Birnbaum, L. S., Bruton, T. A., DeWitt, J. C., Knappe, D. R. U., Maffini, M. V., Miller, M. F., Pelch, K. E., Reade, A., Soehl, A., Trier, X., Venier, M., Wagner, C. C., Wang, Z., & Blum, A.
Affiliations: North Carolina State University (US)
Environmental Working Group , ,
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (US)
Green Science Policy Institute , , ,
East Carolina University (US)
Private Residence , , ,
University of North Texas Health Science Center (US)
Natural Resources Defense Council (US)
European Environment Agency (DK)
Indiana University Bloomington (US)
Harvard University (US)
ETH Zurich (CH)
University of California System (US)
Corresponding author: Kwiatkowski, Carol F.
ORCID: Kwiatkowski, Carol F.
Andrews, David Q.
Birnbaum, Linda S.
Bruton, Thomas A.
DeWitt, Jamie C.
Knappe, Detlef R. U.
Maffini, Maricel V.
Pelch, Katherine E.
Reade, Anna
Soehl, Anna
Trier, Xenia
Venier, Marta
Wagner, Charlotte C.
Wang, Zhanyun
Blum, Arlene
Venue: Environmental Science & Technology Letters
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published: 2020-06-30
Volume: 7
Issue: 8
Pages: 532-543
ISSN: 2328-8930 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00255
PMC: PMC8297807
OpenAlex: W3038543216
Semantic Scholar: a4e2008bc8bcd289ae0695cd0b19b0facb7beb3c
Cited by: 721
References: 108
Citations by year: 2026: 168 · 2025: 171 · 2024: 111 · 2023: 102 · 2022: 94 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 12
FWCI: 25.01
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: public-domain
pubs.acs.org/page/policy/authorchoice_termsofuse.html (vor)
Locations: Environmental Science & Technology Letters (publishedVersion, public-domain)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
ETH Zürich Research Collection
Funders: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P42ES027706)
Endocrine Disruption Exchange (NA)
Green Science Policy Institute (NA)
Natural Resources Defense Council (NA)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Synthesis and properties of polymers
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
Keywords: PFAS, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, perfluoroalkyl acids, fluorinated polymers, perfluoropolyether, toxicology, environmental fate, chemical regulation, PFAS alternatives

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Scientific Basis for Managing PFAS as a Chemical Class

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