Defect Chemistry in Heterogeneous Catalysis: Recognition, Understanding, and Utilization

Structural Defects in Graphene

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Plasma‐Engraved Co3O4 Nanosheets with Oxygen Vacancies and High Surface Area for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Xu, L., Jiang, Q., Xiao, Z., Li, X., Huo, J., Wang, S., & Dai, L. (2016) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201600687 · Cited by 2,073

Thermally stable single-atom platinum-on-ceria catalysts via atom trapping

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Defect Chemistry of Nonprecious‐Metal Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reactions

Yan, D., Li, Y., Huo, J., Chen, R., Dai, L., & Wang, S. (2017) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201606459 · Cited by 1,600

Electron Localization Determines Defect Formation on Ceria Substrates

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Operando Identification of the Dynamic Behavior of Oxygen Vacancy-Rich Co 3 O 4 for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Xiao, Z., Huang, Y.-C., Dong, C.-L., Xie, C., Liu, Z., Du, S., Chen, W., Yan, D., Tao, L., Shu, Z., et al. (2020) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.0c00257 · Cited by 1,445

Oxygen Vacancies and Catalysis on Ceria Surfaces

Campbell, C. T., & Peden, C. H. F. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1113955 · Cited by 1,400

Defect‐Engineered Metal–Organic Frameworks

Fang, Z., Bueken, B., De Vos, D. E., & Fischer, R. A. (2015) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201411540 · Cited by 1,252

Defect Graphene as a Trifunctional Catalyst for Electrochemical Reactions

Jia, Y., Zhang, L., Du, A., Gao, G., Chen, J., Yan, X., Brown, C. L., & Yao, X. (2016) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201602912 · Cited by 1,169

Electrochemical Reduction of N2 under Ambient Conditions for Artificial N2 Fixation and Renewable Energy Storage Using N2/NH3 Cycle

Bao, D., Zhang, Q., Meng, F., Zhong, H., Shi, M., Zhang, Y., Yan, J., Jiang, Q., & Zhang, X. (2017) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201604799 · Cited by 1,164

Low Overpotential in Vacancy-Rich Ultrathin CoSe2 Nanosheets for Water Oxidation

Liu, Y., Cheng, H., Lyu, M., Fan, S., Liu, Q., Zhang, W., Zhi, Y., Wang, C., Xiao, C., Wei, S., et al. (2014) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja5085157 · Cited by 1,094

Coupling N2 and CO2 in H2O to synthesize urea under ambient conditions

Chen, C., Zhu, X., Wen, X., Zhou, Y., Zhou, L., Li, H., Tao, L., Li, Q., Du, S., Liu, T., et al. (2020) · Nature Chemistry · doi:10.1038/s41557-020-0481-9 · Cited by 1,087

Dynamic surface self-reconstruction is the key of highly active perovskite nano-electrocatalysts for water splitting

Fabbri, E., Nachtegaal, M., Binninger, T., Cheng, X., Kim, B.-J., Durst, J., Bozza, F., Graule, T., Schäublin, R., Wiles, L., et al. (2017) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat4938 · Cited by 1,064

Defect-Mediated Electron–Hole Separation in One-Unit-Cell ZnIn2S4 Layers for Boosted Solar-Driven CO2 Reduction

Jiao, X., Chen, Z., Li, X., Sun, Y., Gao, S., Yan, W., Wang, C., Zhang, Q., Lin, Y., Luo, Y., et al. (2017) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.7b02290 · Cited by 1,049

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Schlögl, R. (2015) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201410738 · Cited by 1,043

Coordinatively Unsaturated Al 3+ Centers as Binding Sites for Active Catalyst Phases of Platinum on γ-Al 2 O 3

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Defect Effects on TiO2 Nanosheets: Stabilizing Single Atomic Site Au and Promoting Catalytic Properties

Wan, J., Chen, W., Jia, C., Zheng, L., Dong, J., Zheng, X., Wang, Y., Yan, W., Chen, C., Peng, Q., et al. (2018) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201705369 · Cited by 1,036

Defect Engineering on Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Batteries

Zhang, Y., Tao, L., Xie, C., Wang, D., Zou, Y., Chen, R., Wang, Y., Jia, C., & Wang, S. (2020) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201905923 · Cited by 1,019

Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets with Multiple Vacancies Obtained by Dry Exfoliation as Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts

Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Liu, Z., Xie, C., Feng, S., Liu, D., Shao, M., & Wang, S. (2017) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201701477 · Cited by 1,005

Single-Atom Vacancy Defect to Trigger High-Efficiency Hydrogen Evolution of MoS2

Wang, X., Zhang, Y., Si, H., Zhang, Q., Wu, J., Gao, L., Wei, X., Sun, Y., Liao, Q., Zhang, Z., et al. (2020) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.9b12113 · Cited by 969

Photocatalytic Conversion of Nitrogen to Ammonia with Water on Surface Oxygen Vacancies of Titanium Dioxide

Hirakawa, H., Hashimoto, M., Shiraishi, Y., & Hirai, T. (2017) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.7b06634 · Cited by 891

Activity Origins and Design Principles of Nickel-Based Catalysts for Nucleophile Electrooxidation

Chen, W., Xie, C., Wang, Y., Zou, Y., Dong, C.-L., Huang, Y.-C., Xiao, Z., Wei, Z., Du, S., Chen, C., et al. (2020) · Chem · doi:10.1016/j.chempr.2020.07.022 · Cited by 814

Graphene Defects Trap Atomic Ni Species for Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Reactions

Zhang, L., Jia, Y., Gao, G., Yan, X., Chen, N., Chen, J., Soo, M. T., Wood, B., Yang, D., Du, A., et al. (2018) · Chem · doi:10.1016/j.chempr.2017.12.005 · Cited by 778

Active Site Dependent Reaction Mechanism over Ru/CeO2 Catalyst toward CO2 Methanation

Wang, F., He, S., Chen, H., Wang, B., Zheng, L., Wei, M., Evans, D. G., & Duan, X. (2016) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.6b02762 · Cited by 757

Ultrafine NiO Nanosheets Stabilized by TiO2 from Monolayer NiTi-LDH Precursors: An Active Water Oxidation Electrocatalyst

Zhao, Y., Jia, X., Chen, G., Shang, L., Waterhouse, G. I. N., Wu, L.-Z., Tung, C.-H., O’Hare, D., & Zhang, T. (2016) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.6b01606 · Cited by 730

Spectroscopic Evidence for the Supply of Reactive Oxygen during CO Oxidation Catalyzed by Gold Supported on Nanocrystalline CeO2

Guzman, J., Carrettin, S., & Corma, A. (2005) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja043752s · Cited by 682

Plasma‐Assisted Synthesis and Surface Modification of Electrode Materials for Renewable Energy

Dou, S., Tao, L., Wang, R., El Hankari, S., Chen, R., & Wang, S. (2018) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201705850 · Cited by 680

Defect Engineering in Carbon‐Based Electrocatalysts: Insight into Intrinsic Carbon Defects

Zhu, J., & Mu, S. (2020) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202001097 · Cited by 669

Oxygen Vacancy Promoting Dimethyl Carbonate Synthesis from CO2 and Methanol over Zr-Doped CeO2 Nanorods

Liu, B., Li, C., Zhang, G., Yao, X., Chuang, S. S. C., & Li, Z. (2018) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.8b00415 · Cited by 668

Significant Contribution of Intrinsic Carbon Defects to Oxygen Reduction Activity

Jiang, Y., Yang, L., Sun, T., Zhao, J., Lyu, Z., Zhuo, O., Wang, X., Wu, Q., Ma, J., & Hu, Z. (2015) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.5b01835 · Cited by 644

Edge-rich and dopant-free graphene as a highly efficient metal-free electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction

Tao, L., Wang, Q., Dou, S., Ma, Z., Huo, J., Wang, S., & Dai, L. (2016) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c5cc09173j · Cited by 636

A review of defect structure and chemistry in ceria and its solid solutions

Schmitt, R., Nenning, A., Kraynis, O., Korobko, R., Frenkel, A. I., Lubomirsky, I., Haile, S. M., & Rupp, J. L. M. (2020) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c9cs00588a · Cited by 627

Enhanced Photoexcited Carrier Separation in Oxygen‐Doped ZnIn2S4 Nanosheets for Hydrogen Evolution

Yang, W., Zhang, L., Xie, J., Zhang, X., Liu, Q., Yao, T., Wei, S., Zhang, Q., & Xie, Y. (2016) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201602543 · Cited by 613

Macroscopic Spontaneous Polarization and Surface Oxygen Vacancies Collaboratively Boosting CO2 Photoreduction on BiOIO3 Single Crystals

Chen, F., Ma, Z., Ye, L., Ma, T., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., & Huang, H. (2020) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201908350 · Cited by 591

Oxygen Vacancy Generation and Stabilization in CeO2–x by Cu Introduction with Improved CO2 Photocatalytic Reduction Activity

Wang, M., Shen, M., Jin, X., Tian, J., Li, M., Zhou, Y., Zhang, L., Li, Y., & Shi, J. (2019) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.8b03975 · Cited by 586

Single‐Crystalline Ultrathin Co3O4 Nanosheets with Massive Vacancy Defects for Enhanced Electrocatalysis

Cai, Z., Bi, Y., Hu, E., Liu, W., Dwarica, N., Tian, Y., Li, X., Kuang, Y., Li, Y., Yang, X., et al. (2018) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.201701694 · Cited by 568

Strategies to Break the Scaling Relation toward Enhanced Oxygen Electrocatalysis

Huang, Z.-F., Song, J., Dou, S., Li, X., Wang, J., & Wang, X. (2019) · Matter · doi:10.1016/j.matt.2019.09.011 · Cited by 562

Oxygen Reduction Reaction in a Droplet on Graphite: Direct Evidence that the Edge Is More Active than the Basal Plane

Shen, A., Zou, Y., Wang, Q., Dryfe, R. A. W., Huang, X., Dou, S., Dai, L., & Wang, S. (2014) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201406695 · Cited by 507

Tuning Surface Electronic Configuration of NiFe LDHs Nanosheets by Introducing Cation Vacancies (Fe or Ni) as Highly Efficient Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Wang, Y., Qiao, M., Li, Y., & Wang, S. (2018) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.201800136 · Cited by 491

Insight into the design of defect electrocatalysts: From electronic structure to adsorption energy

Xie, C., Yan, D., Chen, W., Zou, Y., Chen, R., Zang, S., Wang, Y., Yao, X., & Wang, S. (2019) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2019.05.021 · Cited by 490

Al2O3 Nanosheets Rich in Pentacoordinate Al3+ Ions Stabilize Pt‐Sn Clusters for Propane Dehydrogenation

Shi, L., Deng, G., Li, W., Miao, S., Wang, Q., Zhang, W., & Lu, A. (2015) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201507119 · Cited by 485

Reversible adapting layer produces robust single-crystal electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution

Tung, C.-W., Hsu, Y.-Y., Shen, Y.-P., Zheng, Y., Chan, T.-S., Sheu, H.-S., Cheng, Y.-C., & Chen, H. M. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms9106 · Cited by 471

Identification of Surface Reactivity Descriptor for Transition Metal Oxides in Oxygen Evolution Reaction

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Defect Engineering in Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation

Shi, R., Zhao, Y., Waterhouse, G. I. N., Zhang, S., & Zhang, T. (2019) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.9b03246 · Cited by 468

Grain-Boundary-Rich Copper for Efficient Solar-Driven Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Ethylene and Ethanol

Chen, Z., Wang, T., Liu, B., Cheng, D., Hu, C., Zhang, G., Zhu, W., Wang, H., Zhao, Z.-J., & Gong, J. (2020) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.0c00971 · Cited by 447

The Role of Defect Sites in Nanomaterials for Electrocatalytic Energy Conversion

Jia, Y., Jiang, K., Wang, H., & Yao, X. (2019) · Chem · doi:10.1016/j.chempr.2019.02.008 · Cited by 416

Preferential Cation Vacancies in Perovskite Hydroxide for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Chen, D., Qiao, M., Lu, Y., Hao, L., Liu, D., Dong, C., Li, Y., & Wang, S. (2018) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201805520 · Cited by 409

Role of Crystalline Defects in Electrocatalysis: Mechanism and Kinetics of CO Adlayer Oxidation on Stepped Platinum Electrodes

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Effects of Intrinsic Pentagon Defects on Electrochemical Reactivity of Carbon Nanomaterials

Zhu, J., Huang, Y., Mei, W., Zhao, C., Zhang, C., Zhang, J., Amiinu, I. S., & Mu, S. (2019) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201813805 · Cited by 407

Heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of CO2by metal oxides: defect engineering – perfecting imperfection

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A silver catalyst activated by stacking faults for the hydrogen evolution reaction

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Defect and transport properties of nanocrystalline CeO2−x

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Structure‐Activity Relationship of Defective Metal‐Based Photocatalysts for Water Splitting: Experimental and Theoretical Perspectives

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In-situ phase transition of WO3 boosting electron and hydrogen transfer for enhancing hydrogen evolution on Pt

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Carbon-Defect-Driven Electroless Deposition of Pt Atomic Clusters for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution

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Metal–organic frameworks as catalysts: the role of metal active sites

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Boosting Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Metal–Organic Frameworks via Ligand Doping

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Plasma-engineered MoS2 thin-film as an efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction

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Operando characterization techniques for electrocatalysis

Li, J., & Gong, J. (2020) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d0ee01706j · Cited by 290

Defect Engineering Strategies for Nitrogen Reduction Reactions under Ambient Conditions

Yan, D., Li, H., Chen, C., Zou, Y., & Wang, S. (2019) · Small Methods · doi:10.1002/smtd.201800331 · Cited by 284

Engineering grain boundaries at the 2D limit for the hydrogen evolution reaction

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The Role of Cation Vacancies in Electrode Materials for Enhanced Electrochemical Energy Storage: Synthesis, Advanced Characterization, and Fundamentals

Gao, P. Z., Chen, Z., Gong, Y., Zhang, R., Liu, H., Tang, P. S., Chen, X., Passerini, S., & Liu, J. (2020) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.201903780 · Cited by 266

High-spatial-resolution mapping of catalytic reactions on single particles

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A Directional Synthesis for Topological Defect in Carbon

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Effect of Controlled Oxygen Vacancy on H2‐Production through the Piezocatalysis and Piezophototronics of Ferroelectric R3C ZnSnO3 Nanowires

Wang, Y., & Wu, J. M. (2020) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201907619 · Cited by 240

DEFECT CHEMISTRY AND CATALYSIS IN OXIDATION AND REDUCTION OVER PEROVSKITE‐TYPE OXIDES

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Acid-etched layered double hydroxides with rich defects for enhancing the oxygen evolution reaction

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Crystalline TiO2 protective layer with graded oxygen defects for efficient and stable silicon-based photocathode

Zheng, J., Lyu, Y., Wang, R., Xie, C., Zhou, H., Jiang, S. P., & Wang, S. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05580-z · Cited by 227

Synthesis of Pt–Ni Alloy Nanocrystals with High‐Index Facets and Enhanced Electrocatalytic Properties

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Defects in Solids

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Tuning oxygen vacancies in two-dimensional iron-cobalt oxide nanosheets through hydrogenation for enhanced oxygen evolution activity

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Triggering surface oxygen vacancies on atomic layered molybdenum dioxide for a low energy consumption path toward nitrogen fixation

Zhang, G., Ji, Q., Zhang, K., Chen, Y., Li, Z., Liu, H., Li, J., & Qu, J. (2019) · Nano Energy · doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.02.028 · Cited by 218

Origin of highly active metal–organic framework catalysts: defects? Defects!

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Effect of steaming on the defect structure and acid catalysis of protonated zeolites

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Roles of Surface Steps on Pt Nanoparticles in Electro-oxidation of Carbon Monoxide and Methanol

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Tuning Lewis Acidity of Metal–Organic Frameworks via Perfluorination of Bridging Ligands: Spectroscopic, Theoretical, and Catalytic Studies

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Probing the edge-related properties of atomically thin MoS2 at nanoscale

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Recent advances in defect electrocatalysts: Preparation and characterization

Xiao, Z., Xie, C., Wang, Y., Chen, R., & Wang, S. (2021) · Journal of Energy Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jechem.2020.04.063 · Cited by 166

Heterogeneous catalysts based on mesoporous metal–organic frameworks

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Stabilizing Single-Atom Iron Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction via Ceria Confining and Trapping

Li, J., Maurya, S., Kim, Y. S., Li, T., Wang, L., Shi, Q., Liu, D., Feng, S., Lin, Y., & Shao, M. (2020) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.9b04621 · Cited by 147

Tuning Catalytic Sites on Zr6O8 Metal–Organic Framework Nodes via Ligand and Defect Chemistry Probed with tert-Butyl Alcohol Dehydration to Isobutylene

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Formation of Enriched Vacancies for Enhanced CO2 Electrocatalytic Reduction over AuCu Alloys

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Kinetically Controlling Surface Structure to Construct Defect‐Rich Intermetallic Nanocrystals: Effective and Stable Catalysts

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Adsorption of Cu, Pd, and Cs Atoms on Regular and Defect Sites of the SiO2 Surface

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Interplay of Electronic and Steric Effects to Yield Low‐Temperature CO Oxidation at Metal Single Sites in Defect‐Engineered HKUST‐1

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Reactivity mapping of nanoscale defect chemistry under electrochemical reaction conditions

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Laser Fragmentation‐Induced Defect‐Rich Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution Reaction

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Defect Chemistry: Composition, Transport, and Reactions in the Solid State; Part II: Kinetics

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Solid defect structure and catalytic activity of perovskite-type catalysts La 1–x Sr x NiO 3–λ and La 1–1.333x Th x NiO 3–λ

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Insights into Chemical Dynamics and Their Impact on the Reactivity of Pt Nanoparticles during CO Oxidation by Operando TEM

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Pd single site-anchored perovskite cathode for CO2 electrolysis in solid oxide electrolysis cells

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