CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 292Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic ControlNeuroscience of respiration and sleepNon-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Effects of Specific Respiratory Rates on Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability

Song, Hye-Sue, Lehrer, Paul M.·2003·Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback
DOI 10.1023/a:1022312815649
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

In this study respiratory rates of 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 breaths per minute were employed to investigate the effects of these rates on heart rate variability (HRV). Data were collected 16 times at each respiratory rate on 3 female volunteers, and 12 times on 2 female volunteers. Although mean heart rates did not differ among these respiratory rates, respiratory-induced trough heart rates at 4 and 6 breaths per minute were significantly lower than those at 14 breaths per minute. Slower respiratory rates usually produced higher amplitudes of HRV than did faster respiratory rates. However, the highest amplitudes were at 4 breaths per minute. HRV amplitude decreased at 3 breaths per minute. The results are interpreted as reflecting the possible effects of the slow rate of acetylcholine metabolism and the effect of negative resonance at 3 cycles per minute.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1023/a:1022312815649

Cites

39 of 39 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • If guided respiration pace is slow, synchronization dependence between the two oscillators increases and becomes stronger; slow respiration produces higher HRV amplitudes.

    “If this pace is slow the synchronization dependence between the two oscillators increases and becomes stronger: slow respiration produces higher HRV amplitudes (Song and Lehrer, 2003).”

    From Music structure determines heart rate variability of singers (2013) · cites this paper as Song and Lehrer, 2003

  • The magnitude of the RSA effect depends on respiration frequency, with lower frequencies showing greater RSA, with a maximum at four breaths per minute.

    “Furthermore, the magnitude of the effect depends on respiration frequency, with lower frequencies showing greater RSA, with a maximum at four breaths per minute (Song and Lehrer, 2003).”

    From Heart Rate Variability Synchronizes When Non-experts Vocalize Together (2020) · cites this paper as Song and Lehrer, 2003

  • Respiration has an important effect on HRV, called respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), with instantaneous heart rate increasing during inhalation and decreasing during exhalation.

    “Respiration has an important effect on HRV, called respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), with instantaneous heart rate increasing during inhalation and decreasing during exhalation (Song and Lehrer, 2003; Grossman and Taylor, 2007; Sin et al., 2010).”

    From Heart Rate Variability Synchronizes When Non-experts Vocalize Together (2020) · cites this paper as Song and Lehrer, 2003

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Metadata

Authors
Song, H.-S., & Lehrer, P. M.
Corresponding author
Lehrer, Paul M.
ORCID
Lehrer, Paul M.
Venue
Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2003-03
Volume
28
Issue
1
Pages
13-23
ISSN
  • 0363-3586 (ISSN-L)
  • 1090-0586
  • 1573-3270
DOI
10.1023/a:1022312815649
OpenAlex
W2138123121
Cited by
292
References
38
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 15
FWCI
1.80
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R1HL58805A)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
Keywords
respiratory rate, heart rate variability, heart rate, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, acetylcholine metabolism, slow-paced breathing
MeSH terms
Adult, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Respiratory Physiological Phenomena, Baroreflex

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review