Arousal, affect, and attention as components of temperament.
Abstract
Contemporary models of human temperament have been based on the general constructs of arousal, emotion, and self-regulation. In order to more precisely investigate these constructs, they were theoretically decomposed into 19 subconstructs, and homogeneous scales were developed to assess them. The scales were constructed through an item-selection technique that maximized internal consistency and minimized conceptual overlap. Correlational and factor analyses suggested that arousal can be usefully assessed in terms of its central, autonomic, and motor components. The emotions of sadness, relief, and low-intensity pleasure were most closely related to the measures of central arousal. Emotions of fear, frustration, discomfort, and high-intensity pleasure were more closely related to measures of attentional control. We discuss these findings in terms of the functional relations between arousal, emotion, and attention.
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The approach to school readiness as self-regulation is based in the neurobiology of executive functions and emotional development as seen in the Rothbart and Posner psychobiological model of temperament.
“The approach to school readiness as self-regulation is based in the neurobiology of executive functions and emotional development as seen in the psychobiological model of temperament developed by Rothbart, Posner, and colleagues”
From School Readiness and Self-Regulation: A Developmental Psychobiological Approach (2015) · cites this paper as Derryberry & Rothbart 1988
The construct of arousal is multidimensional, with distinct but overlapping cortical, autonomic, endocrine, cognitive, and affective inputs.
“The construct of arousal is complex and multidimensional, with multiple distinct but overlapping inputs, including from cortical, autonomic, endocrine, cognitive, and affective systems.25”
From Awakening is not a metaphor: the effects of Buddhist meditation practices on basic wakefulness (2014) · cites this paper as [25]
Non-spatial cues that increase phasic alertness can facilitate attention orienting, and disengaging and re-orienting attention may attenuate arousal levels.
“For example, non-spatial cues (that result in increased phasic alertness) can facilitate attention orienting (Callejas et al., 2004; 2005), while disengaging and re-orienting attention may serve to attenuate arousal levels (Derryberry & Rothbart, 1988).”
From Atypical attentional networks and the emergence of autism (2013) · cites this paper as Derryberry & Rothbart, 1988
One's ability to engage in emotion regulation positively relates to feelings of concern for the other person.
“Research in developmental psychology shows that one's ability to engage in emotion regulation positively relates to feelings of concern for the other person [22], [23].”
From What are you feeling? Using functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess the modulation of sensory and affective responses during empathy for pain (2007) · cites this paper as [22]
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- Authors
- Derryberry, D., & Rothbart, M. K.
- Affiliations
- Oregon State University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1988
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 958-966
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2025476910
- Cited by
- 684
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 4.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 40662-02, 5401 MH 26675)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- temperament, arousal, affect, attention, emotions, self-regulation, attentional control, autonomic arousal, sadness, fear, frustration, pleasure
- MeSH terms
- Arousal, Attention, Emotions, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Psychological, Personality, Temperament
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