The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Integration of the cognitive and the psychodynamic unconscious
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Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“the implicit system is highly contextual and only changes in an enduring way after considerable time, effort, and / or intensity of experience.”
From Long-term reduction in implicit race bias: A prejudice habit-breaking intervention (2012) · cites this paper as Epstein, 1994
In the citing paper
“some general dual-process theories in psychology (e.g., Epstein, 1994; Smith & DeCoster, 2000; Strack & Deutsch, 2004) suggest that such reductions are likely to be highly contextual and short-lived.”
From Long-term reduction in implicit race bias: A prejudice habit-breaking intervention (2012) · cites this paper as Epstein, 1994
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Cited by
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Items 1,001–1,008 of 1,008
Emotional Abuse as a Precipitating Factor for Depression in Women
Ali, A., Oatley, K., & Toner, B. B. (1999) · Journal of Emotional Abuse · doi:10.1300/j135v01n04_01 · Cited by 32
The Emotional Dog and Its Rational Tail: A Social Intuitionist Approach to Moral Judgment
Haidt, J. (2008) · Reasoning · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511814273.055 · Cited by 27
Rossi Ferrario, S., & Panzeri, A. (2020) · Artificial Organs · doi:10.1111/aor.13630 · Cited by 27
Ayalon, M., Watson, A., & Lerman, S. (2015) · Educational Studies in Mathematics · doi:10.1007/s10649-015-9628-9 · Cited by 22
Shih, T.-J., & Lin, C.-Y. (2017) · Environmental Communication · doi:10.1080/17524032.2016.1154886 · Cited by 23
“The affective response is believed to provide quick guidance for people in the decision-making process and is more likely to influence behavior than abstract knowledge (Epstein, 1994).”
BackgroundTrust Your Instincts: The Relationship Between Intuitive Decision Making And Happiness
Stevenson, S. S., & Hicks, R. E. (2016) · European Scientific Journal, ESJ · doi:10.19044/esj.2016.v12n11p463 · Cited by 13
“Epstein (1994, 2003) proposed that these two systems have different approaches to evaluating judgements, choices and for making decisions (Epstein & Meier, 1989; Kahneman, 2011).”
Background“Choice-supportive bias” in science: Explanation and mitigation
Kafaee, M., Marhamati, H., & Gharibzadeh, S. (2021) · Accountability in Research · doi:10.1080/08989621.2021.1872377 · Cited by 12
“…system.3 The first is mostly fast, uncontrolled (spontaneous), effortless, associative, unconscious, and skilled (rules of thumb), while the second is mostly slow, controlled, effortful, deductive, conscious, and rule-following (Epstein 1994; Sloman 1996; Kahneman 2003; Bechara and Damasio 2005).”
BackgroundTottori, T., & Kobayashi, T. J. (2025) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/gvl6-cvby · Cited by 6
Metadata
- Authors
- Epstein, S.
- Corresponding author
- Epstein, Seymour
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 1994
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 709-724
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- OpenAlex
- W4320300817
- Cited by
- 2,883
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 80 · 2025: 90 · 2024: 69 · 2023: 100 · 2022: 124 · 2021: 145 · 2020: 161 · 2019: 148 · 2018: 133 · 2017: 120 · 2016: 133 · 2015: 137 · 2014: 139 · 2013: 131 · 2012: 123
- FWCI
- 33.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Jungian Analytical Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
- Keywords
- unconscious, cognitive unconscious, psychoanalytic theory
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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