Dependency and self-criticism: Psychological dimensions of depression
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Self-criticism is a key factor to depression.
“another key factor to depression3”
From Efficacy of Online-Based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [3]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Carbin, M. G. (1988) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(88)90050-5 · Cited by 11,696 · see citing works
The Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Self-Compassion
NEFF, K. D. (2003) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298860309027 · Cited by 6,436 · see citing works
Self-Compassion: An Alternative Conceptualization of a Healthy Attitude Toward Oneself
NEFF, K. (2003) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298860309032 · Cited by 5,440 · see citing works
“…because the inevitable pain and sense of failure that is experienced by all individuals is not amplified and perpetuated through harsh self-condemnation (Blatt et al., 1982), feelings of isolation (Wood, Saltzberg, Neale, & Stone, 1990) and over-identification with thoughts and emotions…”
BackgroundThe dimensions of perfectionism
Frost, R. O., Marten, P., Lahart, C., & Rosenblate, R. (1990) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf01172967 · Cited by 4,279 · see citing works
“The two dimensions have been found to exist among normal adults as well as among psychiatric populations (Blatt et al., 1976; Blatt, Quinlan, Chevron, McDonald, & Zuroff, 1982 ).”
BackgroundSelf-compassion and adaptive psychological functioning.
Neff, K. D., Kirkpatrick, K. L., & Rude, S. S. (2007) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2006.03.004 · Cited by 1,627 · see citing works
Crocker, J., & Wolfe, C. T. (2001) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.108.3.593 · Cited by 1,614 · see citing works
The Costly Pursuit of Self-Esteem
Crocker, J., & Park, L. E. (2004) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.3.392 · Cited by 1,402 · see citing works
Interpersonal relatedness and self-definition: Two prototypes for depression
Blatt, S. J., & Zuroff, D. C. (1992) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(92)90070-o · Cited by 847 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Origins and Current Status of Behavioral Activation Treatments for Depression
Dimidjian, S., Barrera, M., Martell, C., Muñoz, R. F., & Lewinsohn, P. M. (2011) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032210-104535 · Cited by 785 · see citing works
“Other psychodynamic models also proposed different types of depression, including a dependent type and a self-critical type (Blatt 1974, Blatt et al. 1982).”
BackgroundEmotion context insensitivity in major depressive disorder
Rottenberg, J., Gross, J. J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2005) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.114.4.627 · Cited by 654 · see citing works
“Cognitive theories of MDD suggest that idiographic, personspecific themes are particularly important for conducting a robust test of ECI.One influential typology, for example, has identified two clusters of cognitive schemas that are activated differentially by person-specific content regarding either social relations…”
BackgroundVulnerability and Resilience: A Study of High-Risk Adolescents
Luthar, S. S. (1991) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1131134 · Cited by 601 · see citing works
Rumination as a common mechanism relating depressive risk factors to depression.
Spasojevic, J., & Alloy, L. B. (2001) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.1.1.25 · Cited by 599 · see citing works
Life stressors as risk factors in depression.
Mazure, C. M. (1998) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.1998.tb00151.x · Cited by 535 · see citing works
The Silencing the Self Scale: Schemas of Intimacy Associated With Depression in Women
Jack, D. C., & Dill, D. L. (1992) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1992.tb00242.x · Cited by 514 · see citing works
Interpersonal Processes in Depression
Hames, J. L., Hagan, C. R., & Joiner, T. E. (2013) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185553 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
“Interpersonal dependency has long been identified as a risk factor for depression (e.g., Blatt et al. 1982).”
BackgroundLewinsohn, P. M., Rohde, P., Seeley, J. R., Klein, D. N., & Gotlib, I. H. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.10.1584 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
Mindfulness and Behavior Change
Schuman-Olivier, Z., Trombka, M., Lovas, D. A., Brewer, J. A., Vago, D. R., Gawande, R., Dunne, J. P., Lazar, S. W., Loucks, E. B., & Fulwiler, C. (2020) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000277 · Cited by 435 · see citing works
Emotional distress in junior house officers.
Firth‐Cozens, J. (1987) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.295.6597.533 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Gender-Linked Vulnerabilities to Depressive Symptoms, Stress, and Problem Behaviors in Adolescents
Leadbeater, B. J. R., Blatt, S. J., & Quinlan, D. M. (1995) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1207/s15327795jra0501_1 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Self-citationParent-child interaction in the etiology of dependent and self-critical depression
Blatt, S. J., & Homann, E. (1992) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(92)90091-l · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Relation Between Parenting and Adolescent Depression
Garber, J., Robinson, N. S., & Valentiner, D. P. (1997) · Journal of Adolescent Research · doi:10.1177/0743554897121003 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Personality and Psychopathology: An Application of the Five‐Factor Model
Widiger, T. A., & Trull, T. J. (1992) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00977.x · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Robins, C. J., Ladd, J. S., Welkowitz, J., Blaney, P. H., Díaz, R. J., & Kutcher, G. S. (1994) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/bf02239408 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
“This scoring system has been used effectively by Blatt et al. (1982) with a mixed gender sample and by Blaney and Kutcher (1991) with a male sample.”
BackgroundMethodDevelopment of a Scale to Measure Interpersonal Sensitivity
Boyce, P., & Parker, G. (1989) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/000486748902300320 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Self-compassion and well-being in parents of children with autism
Neff, K. D., & Faso, D. J. (2015) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-014-0359-2 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
“Moreover, self-compassion protects against rumination and self-criticism (Neff 2003a)—two factors that are strongly linked to depression (Blatt et al. 1982; Nolen-Hoeksema and Morrow 1993).”
BackgroundZuroff, D. C., Mongrain, M., & Santor, D. A. (2004) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.3.489 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Self-citationDepression's Vicious Scree: Self-Propagating and Erosive Processes in Depression Chronicity
Joiner, T. E. (2000) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy.7.2.203 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Measures of Depression and Loneliness
Shaver, P. R., & Brennan, K. A. (1991) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-590241-0.50010-1 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Is social anxiety associated with impairment in close relationships? A preliminary investigation
Davila, J., & Beck, J. G. (2002) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(02)80037-5 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Personality Dimensions and Depression: Review and Commentary
Enns, M. W., & Cox, B. J. (1997) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674379704200305 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Pilkonis, P. A., & Frank, E. F. (1988) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.145.4.435 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Spielman, R. (2000) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/j.1440-1614.2000.0767a.x · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Blatt, S. J., & Luyten, P. (2009) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579409000431 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
“Personality factors are inherent in Axis I disorders such as in unipolar (Beck, 1983; Blatt, 2004; Blatt et al., 1976, 1982; Luyten & Blatt, in press) and bipolar (Lam, Wright, & Smith, 2004) depression, eating disorders (ThompsonBrenner & Westen, 2005), anxiety disorders, and even in severe…”
BackgroundSelf-citationPerfectionism, life events, and depressive symptoms: A test of a diathesis-stress model
Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L., Blankstein, K. R., & Mosher, S. W. (1995) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf02686885 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Quality of Life Therapy and Assessment in Health Care
Frisch, M. B. (1998) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.1998.tb00132.x · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Depressive personality styles: Implications for adult attachment
Zuroff, D. C., & Fitzpatrick, D. K. (1995) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(94)00136-g · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Self-citationEmpirical evaluation of the assumptions in identifying evidence based treatments in mental health
Blatt, S. J., & Zuroff, D. C. (2005) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.03.001 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Self-citationA social-interactional model of the development of depressive symptoms in adolescence.
Allen, J. P., Insabella, G., Porter, M. R., Smith, F. D., Land, D. M. V. '., & Phillips, N. (2006) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.74.1.55 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Zuroff, D. C., Moskowitz, D. S., Wielgus, M. S., Powers, T. A., & Franko, D. L. (1983) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/0092-6566(83)90033-8 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Self-citationMagnus, C. M. R., Kowalski, K. C., & McHugh, T.-L. (2009) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298860903135073 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
“However, ultimately, self-criticism results in negative feelings and is a poor motivational force (Blatt, Quinlan, Chevron, McDonald, & Zuroff, 1982 ).”
BackgroundPerfectionism and depression symptom severity in major depressive disorder
Enns, M. W., & Cox, B. J. (1999) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00188-0 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Affect regulation in depressed and nondepressed children and young adolescents
Garber, J., Braafladt, N., & Weiss, B. (1995) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579400006362 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Wakelin, K. E., Perman, G., & Simonds, L. M. (2022) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2586 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Contributions of Psychoanalysis To the Understanding and Treatment of Depression
Blatt, S. J. (1998) · Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association · doi:10.1177/00030651980460030301 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Self-citationConnectedness and Neediness: Factors of the DEQ and SAS dependency scales
Rude, S. S., & Burnham, B. L. (1995) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf02230403 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
“Blatt, Ouinlan, Chevron, McDonald, and Zuroff (1982) reported that clinical judges were able to correctly classify 56% of patients into the four categories of high Dependency (D)-high Self-Criticism (SC), high D-low SC, low D-high SC, and low D-low SC using case records.”
BackgroundPerfectionism and Suicidal Preoccupation
Adkins, K. K., & Parker, W. D. (1996) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1996.tb00520.x · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Luyten, P., Sabbe, B., Blatt, S. J., Meganck, S., Jansen, B., Grave, C. D., Maes, F., & Corveleyn, J. M. T. (2006) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20272 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
“Finally, both Blatt [e.g., Blatt et al., 1982] and Beck [1983] have argued that dependency and self-criticism influence the clinical presentation of depression (‘‘pathoplasty’’ or ‘‘symptom specificity’’ hypothesis).”
Self-citationEmotion-Focused Therapy: A Clinical Synthesis
Greenberg, L. S. (2010) · Focus · doi:10.1176/foc.8.1.foc32 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
What Is Supportive about Social Support?
Ryan, R. M., & Butzel, J. S. (1996) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1388-3_11 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
How Investment in Gender Ideals Affects Well-Being: The Role of External Contingencies of Self-Worth
Sanchez, D. T., & Crocker, J. (2005) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2005.00169.x · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Self-schemas and vulnerability to specific life stress in children at risk for depression
Hammen, C. L., & Goodman-Brown, T. B. (1990) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf01176210 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
“Achievement and interpersonal themes are salient for adults, and relate to theorybased subtypes of depression (e.g., Arieti & Bemporad, 1980; Beck, 1982; Blatt, Quinlan, Chevron, McDonald, & Zuroff, 1982 ).”
BackgroundDevelopment and Validation of a Measure of Self-Critical Rumination
Smart, L. M., Peters, J. R., & Baer, R. A. (2015) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191115573300 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
A multidimensional model of self-esteem in depression
Roberts, J. E., & Monroe, S. M. (1994) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(94)90006-x · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Alden, L. E., Bieling, P., & Wallace, S. T. (1994) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf02357507 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
“A number of studies have indicated that a distinction can be made between depressive states that are related to interpersonal dependency and those that are related to self-criticism ( Blatt, Quinlan, Chevron, McDonald, & Zuroff, 1982 ).”
BackgroundLife events stress and psychosocial factors in men with peptic ulcer disease
Feldman, M. L., Walker, P., Green, J. L., & Weingarden, K. (1986) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/0016-5085(86)90189-7 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Svendsen, J. L., Osnes, B., Binder, P.-E., Dundas, I., Visted, E., Nordby, H., Schanche, E., & Sørensen, L. (2016) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0549-1 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
“This is interesting since isolation has been subject to much less research attention than self-criticism and over-identification (Neff 2016), which have long been recognized as important vulnerability factors in psychopathology (Blatt et al. 1982; Germer 2009; Gilbert and Procter 2006).”
BackgroundMason, J. W., Wang, S., Yehuda, R., Riney, S. J., Charney, D. S., & Southwick, S. M. (2001) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200105000-00008 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
“Additional measurements included the BPRS (18), the HDS (19), the BDS (20), and the DEQ (21, 22 ).”
MethodShahar, G., Joiner, T. E., Zuroff, D. C., & Blatt, S. J. (2003) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2003.06.006 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Self-citationNeff, K. D. (2016) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0531-y · Cited by 126 · see citing works
“…because the inevitable pain and sense of failure that is experienced by all individuals is not amplified and perpetuated through harsh self-condemnation (Blatt et al. 1982), feelings of isolation (Wood et al. 1990) and over-identification with thoughts and emotions (Nolen-Hoeksema 1991).”
BackgroundBarnett, P. A., & Gotlib, I. H. (1988) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/bf00993114 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
“Recent research employing measures of dependency (Blatt et al., 1976; Blatt, Quinlan, Chevron, McDonald, & Zuroff, 1982; Hirschfeld & Klerman, 1979; Hirschfeld, Klerman, Clayton, & Keller, 1983; Robins, 1985), autonomy (Robins, 1985), and self-critical personality ( Blatt et al., 1976, 1982 ) has suggested that depres…”
MethodAvi Besser, A., & Priel, B. (2005) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167204274082 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
“Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were adequate (Blatt et al., 1982).”
Trindade, I. A., Guiomar, R., Carvalho, S. A., Duarte, J., Lapa, T., Menezes, P., Nogueira, M. R., Patrão, B., Pinto-Gouveia, J., & Castilho, P. (2021) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2021.04.003 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Francis‐Raniere, E. L., Alloy, L. B., & Abramson, L. Y. (2006) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2006.00337.x · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Depression and evaluative schemata
Ruehlman, L. S., West, S. G., & Pasahow, R. J. (1985) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1985.tb00888.x · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Farmer, R. F., & Nelson‐Gray, R. O. (1990) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(90)90048-f · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Teachman, B. A., & Allen, J. P. (2007) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-006-9084-1 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
“Although some reassurance-seeking could reflect adaptive solicitation of social support ( Blatt, Quinlan, Chevron, McDonald, & Zuroff, 1982; Joiner, Metalsky, Katz, & Beach, 1999), a pattern of intense emotional exchanges around a teen’s problems may be indicative of someone needing continual reassurance and lacking s…”
BackgroundPsychometric Properties of the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire for Adolescents
Blatt, S. J., Schaffer, C. E., Bers, S. A., & Quinlan, D. M. (1992) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa5901_8 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Self-citationSelf-reliance: A Gender Perspective on its Relationship to Communality and Leadership Evaluations
Schaumberg, R. L., & Flynn, F. J. (2016) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2015.0018 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Diedrich, A., Burger, J., Kirchner, M., & Berking, M. (2017) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12107 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Psychoanalysis—With Whom, for What, and How? Comparisons With Psychotherapy
Blatt, S. J., & Shahar, G. (2004) · Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association · doi:10.1177/00030651040520020401 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationPersonality factors in dysphoria: A psychometric refinement of beck's Sociotropy-Autonomy Scale
Clark, D. A., & Beck, A. T. (1991) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/bf00960448 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
“A number of clinical studies have found increased interpersonal dependency in current and, to a lesser extent, recovered depressives ( Blatt, Quinlan, Chevron, McDonald & Zuroff, 1982; Hirschfeld, Klerman, Clayton, & Keller, 1983; Hirschfeld et aL, 1983; Klein, Harding, Taylor, & Dickstein, 1988; Overholser, Kabakoff,…”
Is Social Anxiety Associated With Both Interpersonal Avoidance and Interpersonal Dependence?
Darcy, K., Davila, J., & Beck, J. G. (2005) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-005-3163-4 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
“For example, sociotropy, which is a personality style characterized by dependence on others and a need for involvement in relationships, has been theorized to result from low self-esteem, self-criticism, and fear of rejection from others (e.g., Beck, 1983; Blatt, Quinlan, Chevron, McDonald, & Zuroff, 1982; Ouimette, K…”
BackgroundLundh, L. (2004) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1023/b:jore.0000047311.12864.27 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
An interpersonal analysis of social anxiety and depression
Alden, L. E., & Phillips, N. (1990) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf01172970 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
“However, clinical researchers suggest that there are two (or more) types of depression, one of which is interpersonal in nature (Arieti & Bemporad, 1980; Blatt, Quinlan, Chevron, Mcdonald, & Zuroff, 1982; Beck, 1981; Horowitz, Rosenberg, Baer, Ureno, & Villasenor, 1987).”
Personality Predictors of Outcome for Adolescents Hospitalized for Suicidal Ideation
Enns, M. W., Cox, B. J., & Inayatulla, M. (2003) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000046847.56865.b0 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Life events and depression: The plot thickens
Hammen, C. L. (1992) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf00940835 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
“Looking to clinical formulations of depression, we saw that both the cognitive and the psychodynamic approaches speculated that different paths to depression arise for people who are primarily oriented toward social relations and interpersonal connectedness on the one hand, and achievement- and autonomy-oriented on th…”
BackgroundAre positive psychology exercises helpful for people with depressive personality styles?
Sergeant, S., & Mongrain, M. (2011) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2011.577089 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
“81 for dependency (Blatt, Quinlan, Chevron, McDonald, & Zuroff, 1982 ).”
Are there gender differences in major depression and its response to antidepressants?
Scheibe, S., Preuschhof, C., Cristi, C., & Bagby, R. M. (2002) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00050-2 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Recollections of Parental Rejection, Self-Criticism and Depression in Suicidality
Campos, R. C., Avi Besser, A., & Blatt, S. J. (2013) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2013.748416 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
“Campos (2010), like Quinlan, Blatt, Parental Rejection, Self-Criticism, Depression, and Suicidality”
Self-citationRobins, C. J., Hayes, A. M., Block, P., Kramer, R. J., & Villena, M. (1995) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf02229673 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
“It is important to note that we used the RDEQ rather than the original DEQ. The original DEQ factors are largely uncorrelated in student samples (Blaney & Kutcher, 1991; Zuroff, Quinlan, & Blatt, 1990) though not in clinical samples ( Blatt, Quinlan, Chevron, McDonald, & Zuroff, 1982; Riley & McCranie, 1990).”
MethodFerguson, T. J., & Stegge, H. (1998) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012148610-5/50003-5 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Fichman, L., Koestner, R., & Zuroff, D. C. (1994) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/bf01536722 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationThe impact of perinatal loss on adjustment to subsequent pregnancy
Franche, R.-L., & Mikail, S. F. (1999) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(98)00438-9 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Expressed emotion in multiple subsystems of the families of toddlers with depressed mothers
Rogosch, F. A., Cicchetti, D., & Toth, S. L. (2004) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579404004730 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Besser, A., & Priel, B. (2010) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2010.29.2.166 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Priel, B., & Besser, A. (1999) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.1999.18.2.240 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Parental representations, cognitive distortions, and mild depression
Whisman, M. A., & Kwon, P. H. (1992) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf01175141 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“Alternatively, overprotection could result in adult personality characteristics marked by either excessive dependency or demands for accomplishment and control--two personality traits that have been discussed as vulnerabilities to depression (e.g., Arieti & Bemporad, 1980; Beck, 1983; Blatt, Quinlan, Chevron, McDonald…”
BackgroundPsychometric characteristics of revised Sociotropy and Autonomy Scales in college students
Clark, D. A., Steer, R. A., Beck, A. T., & Ross, L. (1995) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)00074-t · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Psychometric Properties of the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire in a College Population
Zuroff, D. C., Quinlan, D. M., & Blatt, S. J. (1990) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa5501&2_7 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationAnaclitic (sociotropic) and introjective (autonomous) dimensions.
Blatt, S. J., Shahar, G., & Zuroff, D. C. (2001) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/0033-3204.38.4.449 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citationWesten, D. (1991) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(91)90101-y · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“3 Recent research comparing borderline with depressed subjects using the Blatt et al. (1982) Depressive Experiences Questionnaire with both adolescent and adult samples has documented the psychoanalytic view (see Gunderson, 1984; Kernberg, 1975; Masterson, 1976) that BPDs suffer from a…”
MethodGong, T., Ren, Y., Wu, J. Y., Jiang, Y., Hu, W., & You, J. (2019) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.01.007 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-criticism, dependency, silencing the self, and loneliness: a test of a mediational model
Besser, A., Flett, G., & Davis, R. A. (2003) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00403-8 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Covert and overt expressions of self‐criticism and perfectionism and their relation to depression
Powers, T. A., Zuroff, D. C., & Topciu, R. A. (2004) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.499 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
“Blatt and his collaborators (Blatt, D’Afflitti, & Quinlan, 1976; Blatt et al., 1982) have differentiated two types of depressive experience and have developed a measure, the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ), to assess them.”
BackgroundSelf-citationKöhling, J., Ehrenthal, J. C., Levy, K. N., Schauenburg, H., & Dinger, U. (2015) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.02.002 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Avi Besser, A., & Priel, B. (2003) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/1467-6494.7104002 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“’’ Internal consistency, as well as test-retest reliability was adequate (Blatt et al., 1982).”
BackgroundInfluentialAwe and the interconnected self
Chen, S. K., & Mongrain, M. (2020) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2020.1818808 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“Self-criticism has been studied in greater detail as a personality vulnerability factor for depression (Blatt et al., 1982).”
BackgroundInfluentialCastilho, P., & Gouveia, J. P. (2011) · Psychologica · doi:10.14195/1647-8606_54_8 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Rejection sensitivity prospectively predicts increased rumination
Pearson, K. A., Watkins, E. R., & Mullan, E. G. (2011) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.06.004 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Cambron‐Mellott, M. J., Acitelli, L. K., & Steinberg, L. (2009) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167209351593 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
- Authors
- Blatt, S. J., Quinlan, D. M., Chevron, E. S., McDonald, C., & Zuroff, D.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
- Published
- 1982
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 113-124
- ISSN
- 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2117
- OpenAlex
- W2034906515
- Cited by
- 589
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 12.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- dependency, self-criticism, depression, personality traits
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Dependency, Psychological, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Personality, Self Concept
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
