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Cited by 1,112Categorization, perception, and languageSocial and Intergroup PsychologyPsychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction

The influence of affect on categorization.

Isen, Alice M., Daubman, Kimberly A.·1984·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.47.6.1206
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Abstract

Three studies and a pilot experiment showed that positive affect, induced in any of three ways, influenced categorization of either of two types of stimuli—words or colors. As reflected by performance on two types of tasks (rating and sorting), people in whom positive affect had been induced tended to create and use categories more inclusively than did subjects in a control condition. On one task, they tended to group more stimuli together, and on the other task they tended to rate more low-prototypic exemplars of a category as members of the category. These results are interpreted in terms of an influence of affect on cognitive organization or on processes that might influence cognitive organization. It is suggested that borderline effects of negative affect on categorizatio n, obtained in two of the studies, might result from normal people's attempts to cope with negative affect. Recent research has suggested that positive affect may have a pervasive effect on cognitive processes. For example, a mild positive affective state has been shown to be capable of serving as a retrieval cue for positive material in memory, regardless of the affective state the subject was in when the list was learned, influencing such measures as the reaction time for recall of positive words and the subset of words likely to be recalled from a memorized list (e.g., Isen, Shalker, Clark, & Karp, 1978; Laird, Wagener, Halal, & Szegda, 1982; Nasby & Yando, 1982; Teasdale &

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Crossref · 10.1037/0022-3514.47.6.1206

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  • People experiencing positive emotions show broadened, flexible, creative, integrative, open, and efficient patterns of thought.

    “people experiencing positive emotions show patterns of thought that are significantly broadened and diverse (Isen, Johnson, Mertz, & Robinson, 1985), flexible (Isen & Daubman, 1984), creative (Isen, Daubman, & Nowicki, 1987), integrative (Isen, Rosenzweig, & Young, 1991), open to information (Estrada, Isen, & Young, 1997), and efficient (Isen & Means, 1983;Isen et al., 1991).”

    From The Undoing Effect of Positive Emotions (2000) · cites this paper as Isen & Daubman, 1984

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Authors
Isen, A. M., & Daubman, K. A.
Affiliations
University of Michigan (US)
ORCID
Daubman, Kimberly A.
Venue
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
1984-12
Volume
47
Issue
6
Pages
1206-1217
ISSN
  • 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-1315
DOI
10.1037/0022-3514.47.6.1206
OpenAlex
W2141370068
Cited by
1,112
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 64 · 2014: 63 · 2013: 60 · 2012: 47
FWCI
6.10
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Categorization, perception, and language
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Keywords
positive affect, categorization, cognitive organization, prototypicality, affective states, negative affect, coping, word ratings, color classification, retrieval cues

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