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Trust in close relationships.
Abstract
A theoretical model describing interpersonal trust in close relationships is presented. Three dimensions of trust are identified, based on the type of attributions drawn about a partner's motives. These dimensions are also characterized by a developmental progression in the relationship. The validity of this theoretical perspective was examined through evidence obtained from a survey of a heterogeneous sample of established couples. An analysis of the Trust Scale in this sample was consistent with the notion that the predictability, dependability, and faith components represent distinct and coherent dimensions. A scale to measure interpersonal motives was also developed. The perception of intrinsic motives in a partner emerged as a dimension, as did instrumental and extrinsic motives. As expected, love and happiness were closely tied to feelings of faith and the attribution of intrinsic motivation to both self and partner. Women appeared to have more integrated, complex views of their relationships than men: All three forms of trust were strongly related and attributions of instrumental motives in their partners seemed to be self-affirming. Finally, there was a tendency for people to view their own motives as less self-centered and more exclusively intrinsic in flavor than their partner's motives.
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“In the case of fulfillment (3a), the trustor realizes a benefit. This can be financial, but her desired outcome might also be entertainment, sociability, time saved, reduced cognitive effort, or seamless collaboration (Corritore et al., 2003; McKnight et al., 2000; Rempel, Holmes, & Zanna, 1985).”
From The mechanics of trust: A framework for research and design (2005) · cites this paper as Rempel, Holmes, & Zanna, 1985
In the citing paper
“(1) trust, once broken, is difficult to rebuild [45]”
From Effects of Mock Facebook Workday Comments on Public Perception of Professional Credibility: A Field Study in Canada (2019) · cites this paper as [45]
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“Finally, items constructed to measure faith are centered on feelings of confidence in the relationship and responsiveness and caring expected from the partner in the face of an uncertain future ( Rempel et al., 1985 ).”
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“In contrast, research on the development of trust indicates that a breach of trust causes a sustained stretch of doubt among people, so that it may take a longer time to restore it ( Holmes and Rempel, 1989; Nooteboom, Berger, and Noorderhaven, 1997).”
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“These include automation (Lee & See, 2004; Sheridan, 2002), software agents (Patrick, 2002), teams (Barczak, Lassk, & Mulk, 2010), interpersonal trust (Rempel, Holmes, & Zanna, 1985), and organizational environments (Mayer, Davis, & Schoorman, 1995; Jones & George, 1998).”
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“These additional measures included (i) a short demographic questionnaire that assessed each participant’s gender, age,race/ethnicity,and current dating status, and (ii) the Trust Scale ( Rempel,Holmes,& Zanna,1985 ).”
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“The scale consisted of 11 items that were derived from the Rempel trust scale [39] (e.”
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Parayitam, S., & Dooley, R. S. (2007) · International Journal of Conflict Management · doi:10.1108/10444060710759318 · Cited by 111
Bisantz, A. M., & Seong, Y. (2001) · International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/s0169-8141(01)00015-4 · Cited by 106
Consumer trust toward retail websites: Comparison between pure click and click-and-brick retailers
Toufaily, É., Souiden, N., & Ladhari, R. (2013) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2013.05.001 · Cited by 107
A Two-Dimensional Model for the Study of Interpersonal Attraction
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L'impact de la responsabilité sociétale de l'entreprise sur la confiance des consommateurs
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“In addition, feeling trusted is associated with nonself-interested behavioral motivation (Rempel et al., 1985), which predicts citizenship behaviors (e.g., interpersonal helpfulness and cooperation) in workplace settings (Lind & Tyler, 1988).”
BackgroundInfluentialVengefully ever after: Destiny beliefs, state attachment anxiety, and forgiveness.
Finkel, E. J., Burnette, J. L., & Scissors, L. E. (2007) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.92.5.871 · Cited by 105
“Adult attachment dynamics largely revolve around trust (Mikulincer, 1998), which is defined as individuals’ positive expectation that “they can count on a partner to care for them and be responsive to their needs, now and in the future” ( Holmes & Rempel, 1989, p. 188 )—that it is worth the risks associated with being…”
BackgroundInfluentialThe influence of general trust and specific trust on buying behaviour
Kenning, P. H. (2008) · International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management · doi:10.1108/09590550810873938 · Cited by 103
Taxonomy of Trust-Relevant Failures and Mitigation Strategies
Tolmeijer, S., Weiss, A., Hanheide, M., Lindner, F., Powers, T. M., Dixon, C., & Tielman, M. L. (2020) · Proceedings of the 2020 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction · doi:10.1145/3319502.3374793 · Cited by 103
“Hence, perceived benevolence may promote acceptance of a robot’s changing behaviour [52], as with human interpersonal relationships [62].”
BackgroundMorry, M. M., & Kito, M. (2009) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.3200/socp.149.3.305-322 · Cited by 105
“Trust is positively related to relationship satisfaction (Jones, 1991; Rempel, Ross, & Holmes, 2001) and to love (Lamm, Wiesmann, & Keller, 1998; Rempel et al., 1985).”
BackgroundGómez, A. M., Beougher, S. C., Chakravarty, D., Neilands, T. B., Mandic, C. G., Darbes, L. A., & Hoff, C. C. (2011) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-011-0074-0 · Cited by 103
“Three dimensions of trust are examined (11).”
Smartphones as digital companions: Characterizing the relationship between users and their phones
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“In close relationships, partners’ mutual trust has been closely linked to taking care for each other (Rempel, Holmes, & Zanna, 1985).”
Leveraging Corporate Responsibility: The Stakeholder Route to Maximizing Business and Social Value
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Metadata
- Authors
- Rempel, J. K., Holmes, J. G., & Zanna, M. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Waterloo (CA)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1985-07
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 95-112
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2034235631
- Cited by
- 3,146
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 77 · 2025: 110 · 2024: 108 · 2023: 127 · 2022: 121 · 2021: 153 · 2020: 135 · 2019: 132 · 2018: 141 · 2017: 125 · 2016: 137 · 2015: 135 · 2014: 120 · 2013: 124 · 2012: 133
- FWCI
- 7.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Forgiveness and Related Behaviors
- Keywords
- interpersonal trust, close relationships, couples, intrinsic motivation, instrumental motivation, extrinsic motivation, self-affirmation, faith, predictability, dependability, gender differences, relationship building, trust scale
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