Cited by 3,146Attachment and Relationship DynamicsPersonality Traits and PsychologyForgiveness and Related Behaviors

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Trust in close relationships.

Rempel, John K., Holmes, John G., Zanna, Mark P.·1985·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Abstract

A theoretical model describing interpersonal trust in close relationships is presented. Three dimensions of trust are identified, based on the type of attributions drawn about a partner's motives. These dimensions are also characterized by a developmental progression in the relationship. The validity of this theoretical perspective was examined through evidence obtained from a survey of a heterogeneous sample of established couples. An analysis of the Trust Scale in this sample was consistent with the notion that the predictability, dependability, and faith components represent distinct and coherent dimensions. A scale to measure interpersonal motives was also developed. The perception of intrinsic motives in a partner emerged as a dimension, as did instrumental and extrinsic motives. As expected, love and happiness were closely tied to feelings of faith and the attribution of intrinsic motivation to both self and partner. Women appeared to have more integrated, complex views of their relationships than men: All three forms of trust were strongly related and attributions of instrumental motives in their partners seemed to be self-affirming. Finally, there was a tendency for people to view their own motives as less self-centered and more exclusively intrinsic in flavor than their partner's motives.

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“It may be particularly difficult to rebuild this type of trust once violated because it is based on ideas of emotional security (Rempel et al., 1985).”
Background
Static Versus Dynamic Data Information Fusion Analysis Using DDDAS for Cyber Security Trust
Blasch, E., Al-Nashif, Y. B., & Hariri, S. (2014) · Procedia Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2014.05.117 · Cited by 56
“Three proposed increasing levels, or ‘stages of trust’, for human-human interactions include: Predictability, Dependability, and Faith (Rempel, et al. , 1985).”
Transferring Attributes of E-Commerce Systems into Business Benefits: A Relationship Quality Perspective
Sun, H. (2010) · Journal of electronic commerce research · Cited by 56
Trust Me
Depping, A. E., Mandryk, R. L., Johanson, C., Bowey, J. T., & Thomson, S. C. (2016) · Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play · doi:10.1145/2967934.2968097 · Cited by 58
“Using these methods, it is possible to make assumptions about the fragility of trust, which is suggested to be a problem in distributed teams [2,50].”
Method
Repeated Interactions Versus Social Ties: Quantifying the Economic Value of Trust, Forgiveness, and Reputation Using a Field Experiment1
Bapna, R., Qiu, L., & Rice, S. C. (2014) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.25300/misq/2017/41.3.08 · Cited by 58
Interpersonal trust and organizational citizenship behavior
Singh, U., & Srivastava, K. B. L. (2009) · Psychological Studies · doi:10.1007/s12646-009-0008-3 · Cited by 57
“Consistency was conceptualized as the ability to predict a person’s behavior, and is dependent upon a consistent stable pattern of previous behavior ( Rempel et. al. 1985 ).”
Background
The impacts of the privacy policy on individual trust in health information exchanges (HIEs)
Esmaeilzadeh, P. (2020) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-01-2019-0003 · Cited by 57
How Brand Knowledge Affects Purchase Intentions in Fresh Food E-Commerce Platforms: The Serial Mediation Effect of Perceived Value and Brand Trust
Ling, S., Zheng, C., & Cho, D. (2023) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs13080672 · Cited by 55
Validation of a trust in medical technology instrument
Montague, E. N. H. (2010) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2010.01.009 · Cited by 55
“Interpersonal trust has been operationalized as comprised of the factors predictability, reliability and dependability (Larzelere and Huston, 1980), as stages of predictability, dependability and faith (Rempel et al., 1985), and as a behavioral model (DeFuria, 1996).”
Les effets de la satisfaction, de la confiance et de l'engagement vis-à-vis d'une marque sur la participation des consommateurs à un boycott
Cissé-Depardon, K., & N’Goala, G. (2009) · Recherche et Applications en Marketing (French Edition) · doi:10.1177/076737010902400103 · Cited by 78
From bad to worse: Relationship commitment and vulnerability to partner imperfections
Arriaga, X. B., Slaughterbeck, E. S., Capezza, N. M., & Hmurovic, J. (2007) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2007.00162.x · Cited by 54
Interplay between Physical and Virtual Settings for Online Interpersonal Trust Formation in Knowledge-Sharing Practice
Young, M., & Tseng, F.-C. (2008) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2007.0019 · Cited by 55
“1,2 These factors are also important in the formation of interpersonal relationships in an online community.”
The role of social capital on trust development and dynamics: implications for cooperation, monitoring and team performance
Costa, A. C., Bijlsma-Frankema, K. M., & Jong, B. A. D. (2009) · Social Science Information · doi:10.1177/0539018409102408 · Cited by 67
Measurement of trust in complex and dynamic systems using a quantitative approach
Uggirala, A., Gramopadhye, A. K., Melloy, B. J., & Toler, J. E. (2004) · International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.ergon.2004.03.005 · Cited by 55
“This leap of faith, as suggested by Rempel et al. (1985), requires humans to go beyond the behavioral evidence generated by a machine and integrate”
Background
Экономика решает: сила и слабость «мрачной науки» (перевод с англ. Е. Головляницыной)
Rodrik, D. (2015) · Journal of Economic Sociology · doi:10.17323/1726-3247-2015-4-39-59 · Cited by 55
Trust Change in Information Technology Products
McKnight, D. H., Liu, P., & Pentland, B. T. (2020) · Journal of Management Information Systems · doi:10.1080/07421222.2020.1831772 · Cited by 64
Do Soldiers Reevaluate Trust in Their Leaders Prior to Combat Operations?
Sweeney, P. J. (2010) · Military Psychology · doi:10.1080/08995601003644312 · Cited by 54
“Moreover, Rempel et al. (1985) proposed a three-component model of trust consisting of predictability, dependability, and faith.”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Gratitude Enhances Change in Athletes’ Self-Esteem: The Moderating Role of Trust in Coach
Chen, L. H., & Wu, C. (2014) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200.2014.889255 · Cited by 59
Toward a Life Span Theory of Close Relationships: The Affective Relationships Model
Takahashi, K. (2005) · Human Development · doi:10.1159/000083215 · Cited by 53
Minority Stress in Same-Sex Male Relationships: When Does It Impact Relationship Satisfaction?
Kamen, C. S., Burns, M. N., & Beach, S. R. H. (2011) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2011.614904 · Cited by 53
“Following the precedent of Wieselquist et al. (1999 ), trust was assessed using the three most reliable items from the faith, dependability, and predictability subscales of the trust scale by Rempel Holmes, and Zanna (1985) .”
Method
Human Experiments in Trust Dynamics
Jonker, C. M., Schalken, J., Theeuwes, J., & Jan Treur, A. (2004) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-24747-0_16 · Cited by 53
“Trust can also be defined as “ the degree of confidence that you feel when you think about a relationship” [13] as cited in [5].”
Background
Factors Associated With Regular HIV Testing Among a Sample of US MSM With HIV-Negative Main Partners
Mitchell, J. W., & Horvath, K. J. (2013) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/qai.0b013e3182a6c8d9 · Cited by 53
The fundamentals of relationships: An exploration of the concept to guide marketing implementation
Sheaves, D. E., & Barnes, J. G. (1996) · Advances in services marketing and management · doi:10.1016/s1067-5671(96)05058-5 · Cited by 53
Preliminary System Dynamics Maps of the Insider Cyber-threat Problem
Andersen, D. F., & Mojtahedzadeh, M. (2004) · Cited by 54
Research on trust: a bibliography and brief bibliometric analysis of the special issue submissions
Arnott, D. C. (2007) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/03090560710773408 · Cited by 57
The Impact of Attributions in Marriage: An Experimental Analysis
Fincham, F. D., & Bradbury, T. N. (1988) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.1988.7.2-3.147 · Cited by 53

Authors: Rempel, J. K., Holmes, J. G., & Zanna, M. P.
Affiliations: University of Waterloo (CA)
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1985-07
Volume: 49
Issue: 1
Pages: 95-112
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.49.1.95
OpenAlex: W2034235631
Cited by: 3,146
References: 24
Citations by year: 2026: 77 · 2025: 110 · 2024: 108 · 2023: 127 · 2022: 121 · 2021: 153 · 2020: 135 · 2019: 132 · 2018: 141 · 2017: 125 · 2016: 137 · 2015: 135 · 2014: 120 · 2013: 124 · 2012: 133
FWCI: 7.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Forgiveness and Related Behaviors
Keywords: interpersonal trust, close relationships, couples, intrinsic motivation, instrumental motivation, extrinsic motivation, self-affirmation, faith, predictability, dependability, gender differences, relationship building, trust scale

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