Cited by 3,146Attachment and Relationship DynamicsPersonality Traits and PsychologyForgiveness and Related Behaviors

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Trust in close relationships.

Rempel, John K., Holmes, John G., Zanna, Mark P.·1985·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Abstract

A theoretical model describing interpersonal trust in close relationships is presented. Three dimensions of trust are identified, based on the type of attributions drawn about a partner's motives. These dimensions are also characterized by a developmental progression in the relationship. The validity of this theoretical perspective was examined through evidence obtained from a survey of a heterogeneous sample of established couples. An analysis of the Trust Scale in this sample was consistent with the notion that the predictability, dependability, and faith components represent distinct and coherent dimensions. A scale to measure interpersonal motives was also developed. The perception of intrinsic motives in a partner emerged as a dimension, as did instrumental and extrinsic motives. As expected, love and happiness were closely tied to feelings of faith and the attribution of intrinsic motivation to both self and partner. Women appeared to have more integrated, complex views of their relationships than men: All three forms of trust were strongly related and attributions of instrumental motives in their partners seemed to be self-affirming. Finally, there was a tendency for people to view their own motives as less self-centered and more exclusively intrinsic in flavor than their partner's motives.

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Testing sociometer theory: Self-esteem and the importance of acceptance for social decision-making
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“This hypothesis is supported by research on attachment insecurity (Bellavia & Murray, 2003; Campbell, Simpson, Boldry, & Kashy, 2005; Holmes & Rempel, 1989; Murray, Rose, Bellavia, Holmes, & Kusche, 2002), the need to belong (Gardner, Pickett, & Brewer, 2000; Pickett, Gardner, & Knowles, 2004), and…”
Self-citation
Generalized Trust
Lange, P. A. M. V. (2015) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721414552473 · Cited by 149
Does Audience Skepticism of the Media Matter in Agenda Setting?
Tsfati, Y. (2003) · Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media · doi:10.1207/s15506878jobem4702_1 · Cited by 165
Long-term impact of parental divorce on optimism and trust: Changes in general assumptions or narrow beliefs?
Franklin, K. M., Janoff‐Bulman, R., & Roberts, J. E. (1990) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.59.4.743 · Cited by 149
Similarity in relationships as niche construction: Choice, stability, and influence within dyads in a free choice environment.
Bahns, A. J., Crandall, C. S., Gillath, O., & Preacher, K. J. (2016) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000088 · Cited by 156
Trust-Aware Decision Making for Human-Robot Collaboration
Chen, M., Nikolaidis, S., Soh, H., Hsu, D., & Srinivasa, S. S. (2020) · ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction · doi:10.1145/3359616 · Cited by 147
“’s model to include the dimensions of persistence, technical competence, reliability and predictability of the robot [4, 37], which are important when measuring performance-centric trust (i.”
Background
It's complicated: the relationship between user trust, model accuracy and explanations in AI
Papenmeier, A., Kern, D., Englebienne, G., & Seifert, C. (2022) · ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction · doi:10.1145/3495013 · Cited by 144
“Moreover, trust builds up over time [42] and shows phases of development and refinement [54].”
Background
Interpersonal trust between marketing and R&D during new product development projects
Massey, G. R., & Kyriazis, E. (2007) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/03090560710773381 · Cited by 144
A perceived moral agency scale: Development and validation of a metric for humans and social machines
Banks, J. (2018) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.08.028 · Cited by 168
In crowdfunding we trust: A trust-building model in lending crowdfunding
Moysidou, K., & Hausberg, J. P. (2019) · Journal of Small Business Management · doi:10.1080/00472778.2019.1661682 · Cited by 169
Patient value co-creation in online health communities: Social identity effects on customer knowledge contributions and membership continuance intentions in online health communities
Zhao, J., Wang, T., & Fan, X. (2015) · Journal of Service Management · doi:10.1108/josm-12-2013-0344 · Cited by 142
Do I Contribute More When I Trust More? Differential Effects of Cognition- and Affect-Based Trust
Ng, K., & Chua, R. Y. J. (2006) · Management and Organization Review · doi:10.1111/j.1740-8784.2006.00028.x · Cited by 146
“Affect-based trust, on the other hand, arises from social interactions with others, and reflects confidence in others that develops along with concern for their welfare (Lewis and Weigert, 1985; Rempel, Holmes, and Zanna, 1985).”
Achieving customer value from electronic channels through identity commitment, calculative commitment, and trust in technology
Johnson, D. S. (2007) · Journal of Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1002/dir.20091 · Cited by 149
Predicting relationship stability from both partners versus one.
Attridge, M. D., Berscheid, E., & Simpson, J. A. (1995) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.69.2.254 · Cited by 142
The link between customer satisfaction and loyalty: the moderating role of customer characteristics
Schirmer, N. A., Ringle, C. M., Gudergan, S. P., & Feistel, M. S. G. (2016) · Journal of Strategic Marketing · doi:10.1080/0965254x.2016.1240214 · Cited by 168
Predictors of Relationship Satisfaction in Online Romantic Relationships
Anderson, T. L., & Emmers‐Sommer, T. M. (2006) · Communication Studies · doi:10.1080/10510970600666834 · Cited by 147
“People high in uncertainty and subsequently low in trust possess greater motivation to examine and assess their partner’s level of commitment than do people high in certainty and trust (Holmes & Rempel, 1989).”
Background
How power corrupts relationships: Cynical attributions for others' generous acts
Inesi, M. E., Gruenfeld, D. H., & Galinsky, A. D. (2012) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2012.01.008 · Cited by 147
Relational behavior in business markets
Leuthesser, L., & Kohli, A. K. (1995) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/0148-2963(95)00006-e · Cited by 141
Dimensionality of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale: Evidence from heterosexual and homosexual couples.
Kurdek, L. A. (1992) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/0893-3200.6.1.22 · Cited by 141
Customer loyalty to one service worker: Should it be discouraged?
Bove, L. L., & Johnson, L. W. (2006) · International Journal of Research in Marketing · doi:10.1016/j.ijresmar.2006.01.007 · Cited by 140

Authors: Rempel, J. K., Holmes, J. G., & Zanna, M. P.
Affiliations: University of Waterloo (CA)
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1985-07
Volume: 49
Issue: 1
Pages: 95-112
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.49.1.95
OpenAlex: W2034235631
Cited by: 3,146
References: 24
Citations by year: 2026: 77 · 2025: 110 · 2024: 108 · 2023: 127 · 2022: 121 · 2021: 153 · 2020: 135 · 2019: 132 · 2018: 141 · 2017: 125 · 2016: 137 · 2015: 135 · 2014: 120 · 2013: 124 · 2012: 133
FWCI: 7.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Forgiveness and Related Behaviors
Keywords: interpersonal trust, close relationships, couples, intrinsic motivation, instrumental motivation, extrinsic motivation, self-affirmation, faith, predictability, dependability, gender differences, relationship building, trust scale

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