The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Nature over nurture: Temperament, personality, and life span development.
Abstract
Temperaments are often regarded as biologically based psychological tendencies with intrinsic paths of development. It is argued that this definition applies to the personality traits of the five-factor model. Evidence for the endogenous nature of traits is summarized from studies of behavior genetics, parent-child relations, personality structure, animal personality, and the longitudinal stability of individual differences. New evidence for intrinsic maturation is offered from analyses of NEO Five-Factor Inventory scores for men and women age 14 and over in German, British, Spanish, Czech, and Turkish samples (N = 5,085). These data support strong conceptual Links to child temperament despite modest empirical associations. The intrinsic maturation of personality is complemented by the culturally conditioned development of characteristic adaptations that express personality; interventions in human development are best addressed to these.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Charles, S. T., & Carstensen, L. L. (2010) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100448 · Cited by 1,630
Universal Features of Personality Traits From the Observer's Perspective: Data From 50 Cultures.
McCrae, R. R., 78 Members of the Personality Profiles of Cultures Project, & Terracciano, A. (2005) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.88.3.547 · Cited by 1,326
Self-citationApproach-avoidance motivation in personality: Approach and avoidance temperaments and goals.
Elliot, A. J., & Thrash, T. M. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.82.5.804 · Cited by 1,322
Life Span Theory in Developmental Psychology
Baltes, P. B., Lindenberger, U., & Staudinger, U. M. (2007) · Handbook of Child Psychology · doi:10.1002/9780470147658.chpsy0111 · Cited by 1,240
Temperament and developmental psychopathology
Nigg, J. T. (2006) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01612.x · Cited by 971
Sedikides, C., Gaertner, L., & Toguchi, Y. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.1.60 · Cited by 885
Work experiences and personality development in young adulthood.
Roberts, B. W., Caspi, A., & Moffitt, T. E. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.3.582 · Cited by 753
Age and gender differences in self-esteem—A cross-cultural window.
(2015) · doi:10.1037/pspp0000078 · Cited by 684
The prevalence of anxiety in older adults: Methodological issues and a review of the literature
Bryant, C., Jackson, H., & Ames, D. (2008) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.11.008 · Cited by 511
McCrae, R. R., Costa, P. T., Terracciano, A., Parker, W. D., Mills, C. J., De Fruyt, F., & Mervielde, I. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.6.1456 · Cited by 499
Self-citationDeary, V., Chalder, T., & Sharpe, M. (2007) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.07.002 · Cited by 480
Situation-based contingencies underlying trait-content manifestation in behavior
Fleeson, W. (2007) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00458.x · Cited by 455
Personality at Midlife: Stability, Intrinsic Maturation, and Response to Life Events
Costa, P. T., Herbst, J. H., McCrae, R. R., & Siegler, I. C. (2000) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/107319110000700405 · Cited by 381
Self-citationNeyer, F. J., & Lehnart, J. (2007) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00448.x · Cited by 314
Wahlstrom, D., Collins, P., White, T., & Luciana, M. (2010) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2009.10.013 · Cited by 311
Uses and abuses of the resilience construct: Loss, trauma, and health-related adversities
Bonanno, G. A. (2012) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.11.022 · Cited by 309
MacPherson, L., Magidson, J. F., Reynolds, E. K., Kahler, C. W., & Lejuez, C. W. (2010) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01223.x · Cited by 260
Personality self-reports are concurrently reliable and valid during acute depressive episodes
Costa, P. T., Bagby, R. M., Herbst, J. H., & McCrae, R. R. (2005) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2005.06.010 · Cited by 218
Self-citationDewaele, J.-M., & van Oudenhoven, J. P. (2009) · International Journal of Multilingualism · doi:10.1080/14790710903039906 · Cited by 197
Mehrkam, L. R., & Wynne, C. D. L. (2014) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2014.03.005 · Cited by 181
Age‐related differences in work motivation
Inceoglu, I., Segers, J., & Bartram, D. (2012) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.2011.02035.x · Cited by 176
De Fruyt, F., Van Leeuwen, K., Bagby, R. M., Rolland, J.-P., & Rouillon, F. (2006) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.18.1.71 · Cited by 168
Personality traits change in adulthood: Reply to Costa and McCrae (2006).
Roberts, B. W., Walton, K. E., & Viechtbauer, W. (2006) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.1.29 · Cited by 162
Does personality affect health-related quality of life?A systematic review
Huang, I.-C., Lee, J. L., Ketheeswaran, P., Jones, C. M., Revicki, D. A., & Wu, A. W. (2017) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173806 · Cited by 159
Soto, C. J., & John, O. P. (2012) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2011.00752.x · Cited by 158
The Role of Psychological and Developmental Science in Efforts to Improve Teacher Quality
Rimm-Kaufman, S. E., & Hamre, B. K. (2010) · Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education · doi:10.1177/016146811011201204 · Cited by 157
A refinement and validation of the Monash Canine Personality Questionnaire (MCPQ)
Ley, J. M., Bennett, P. C., & Coleman, G. J. (2009) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2008.09.009 · Cited by 153
What Accounts for Personality Maturation in Early Adulthood?
Bleidorn, W. (2015) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721414568662 · Cited by 153
Pubertal neuromaturation, stress sensitivity, and psychopathology
WALKER, E. F., SABUWALLA, Z., & HUOT, R. (2004) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579404040027 · Cited by 144
Emotion perception across cultures: the role of cognitive mechanisms
Engelmann, J. B., & Pogosyan, M. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00118 · Cited by 132
The Five‐Factor Model, Five‐Factor Theory, and Interpersonal Psychology
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (2010) · Handbook of Interpersonal Psychology · doi:10.1002/9781118001868.ch6 · Cited by 121
Self-citationExamining changes in personality following shamanic ceremonial use of ayahuasca
Weiss, B., Miller, J. D., Carter, N. T., & Keith Campbell, W. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-84746-0 · Cited by 86
Personality and self-esteem development across the life span
Trzesniewski, K. H., Robins, R. W., Roberts, B. W., & Caspi, A. (2003) · Advances in Cell Aging and Gerontology · doi:10.1016/s1566-3124(03)15006-7 · Cited by 32
Claassen-van Dessel, N., van der Wouden, J. C., Twisk, J. W. R., Dekker, J., & van der Horst, H. E. (2018) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.02.009 · Cited by 20
Metadata
- Authors
- McCrae, R. R., Costa, P. T., Ostendorf, F., Angleitner, A., Hřebíčková, M., Avia, M. D., Sanz, J., Sánchez-Bernardos, M. L., Kusdil, M. E., Woodfield, R., Saunders, P. R., & Smith, P. B.
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 2000
- Volume
- 78
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 173-186
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2991078974
- Cited by
- 1,012
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 35.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
