The DOI matches its Crossref record; 76 of the 85 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Self-control relies on glucose as a limited energy source: Willpower is more than a metaphor.
Abstract
The present work suggests that self-control relies on glucose as a limited energy source. Laboratory tests of self-control (i.e., the Stroop task, thought suppression, emotion regulation, attention control) and of social behaviors (i.e., helping behavior, coping with thoughts of death, stifling prejudice during an interracial interaction) showed that (a) acts of self-control reduced blood glucose levels, (b) low levels of blood glucose after an initial self-control task predicted poor performance on a subsequent self-control task, and (c) initial acts of self-control impaired performance on subsequent self-control tasks, but consuming a glucose drink eliminated these impairments. Self-control requires a certain amount of glucose to operate unimpaired. A single act of self-control causes glucose to drop below optimal levels, thereby impairing subsequent attempts at self-control.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Gailliot, M. T., Baumeister, R. F., DeWall, C. N., Maner, J. K., Plant, E. A., Tice, D. M., Brewer, L. E., & Schmeichel, B. J.
- Affiliations
- Florida State University (US)
- Texas A&M University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 2007
- Volume
- 92
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 325-336
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2146569853
- Semantic Scholar
- 06145bac99b1596e45a37c17913d624202836e56
- Cited by
- 1,297
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 98 · 2019: 65 · 2018: 75 · 2017: 72 · 2016: 92 · 2015: 95 · 2014: 101 · 2013: 104 · 2012: 102
- FWCI
- 88.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- self-control, glucose, blood glucose, energy depletion, Stroop task, thought suppression, emotion regulation, attentional control, helping behavior, fear of death, prejudice, interracial interaction, glucose supplementation, cognitive performance
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Attention, Blood Glucose, Emotions, Female, Helping Behavior, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Male, Prejudice, Psychophysiology, Social Control, Informal
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