Cardiorespiratory fitness, hippocampal volume, and frequency of forgetting in older adults.
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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to extend our earlier work to determine the extent to which cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with the frequency of memory problems via its effects on the hippocampus and spatial working memory. We hypothesized that age, sex, education, body composition, and physical activity were direct determinants of fitness, which, in turn, influenced frequency of forgetting indirectly through hippocampal volume and spatial working memory. METHOD: We conducted assessments of demographic characteristics, Body Mass Index (BMI), physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, hippocampal volume, spatial working memory, and frequency of forgetting in 158 older adults (M age = 66.49). Path analyses within a covariance modeling framework were used to examine relationships among these constructs. RESULTS: Sex, age, BMI, and education were all significant determinants of cardiorespiratory fitness. The hypothesized path models for testing the effects of fitness on frequency of forgetting through hippocampal volume and accuracy and speed of spatial working memory all fit the data well. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that older adults with higher levels of fitness show greater preservation of hippocampal volume, which, in turn, is associated with more accurate and faster spatial memory and fewer episodes of forgetting. Given the proportion of older adults reporting memory problems, it is necessary to determine whether improvements in fitness brought about by physical activity interventions can result in subsequent attenuation of memory problems or potentially in improvements in memory.
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Hippocampal growth induced by aerobic exercise correlates with greater performance on spatial memory tasks.
“Several studies have also shown that hippocampal growth induced by AE correlates with a greater performance on spatial memory tasks such as a virtual Morris Water Maze task (Erickson and Kramer, 2009; Szabo et al., 2011; Herting and Nagel, 2012) and on contextual memory tasks (Chaddock et al., 2010) with correlations ranging from r = 0.12 to r = 0.36.”
From Aerobic Exercise as a Tool to Improve Hippocampal Plasticity and Function in Humans: Practical Implications for Mental Health Treatment (2016) · cites this paper as Szabo et al., 2011
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- Authors
- Szabo, A. N., McAuley, E., Erickson, K. I., Voss, M., Prakash, R. S., Mailey, E. L., Wójcicki, T. R., White, S. M., Gothe, N., Olson, E. A., & Kramer, A. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neuropsychology
- Published
- 2011-09
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 545-553
- ISSN
- 0894-4105 (ISSN-L)
- 1931-1559
- PMC
- PMC3140615
- OpenAlex
- W1991144948
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 5.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Neuropsychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (05 R37 AG025667)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- cardiorespiratory fitness, hippocampal volume, memory impairment, spatial working memory, older adults, physical activity, body mass index, sex differences, age effects, body composition
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Middle Aged, Organ Size, Physical Fitness, Retention, Psychology, Sex Factors, Space Perception, Models, Statistical, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Maze Learning
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