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Does theory influence the effectiveness of health behavior interventions? Meta-analysis

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Prestwich, Andrew, Sniehotta, Falko F., Whittington, Craig, Dombrowski, Stephan U., Rogers, Lizzie, Michie, Susan·2014·Health Psychology

DOI 10.1037/a0032853

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To systematically investigate the extent and type of theory use in physical activity and dietary interventions, as well as associations between extent and type of theory use with intervention effectiveness. METHODS: An in-depth analysis of studies included in two systematic reviews of physical activity and healthy eating interventions (k = 190). Extent and type of theory use was assessed using the Theory Coding Scheme (TCS) and intervention effectiveness was calculated using Hedges's g. Metaregressions assessed the relationships between these measures. RESULTS: Fifty-six percent of interventions reported a theory base. Of these, 90% did not report links between all of their behavior change techniques (BCTs) with specific theoretical constructs and 91% did not report links between all the specified constructs with BCTs. The associations between a composite score or specific items on the TCS and intervention effectiveness were inconsistent. Interventions based on Social Cognitive Theory or the Transtheoretical Model were similarly effective and no more effective than interventions not reporting a theory base. CONCLUSIONS: The coding of theory in these studies suggested that theory was not often used extensively in the development of interventions. Moreover, the relationships between type of theory used and the extent of theory use with effectiveness were generally weak. The findings suggest that attempts to apply the two theories commonly used in this review more extensively are unlikely to increase intervention effectiveness.

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Authors: Prestwich, A., Sniehotta, F. F., Whittington, C., Dombrowski, S. U., Rogers, L., & Michie, S.
Affiliations: Newcastle University (GB)
University College London (GB)
University of Leeds (GB)
ORCID: Prestwich, Andrew
Sniehotta, Falko F.
Whittington, Craig
Dombrowski, Stephan U.
Michie, Susan
Venue: Health Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2014-05
Volume: 33
Issue: 5
Pages: 465-474
ISSN: 0278-6133 (ISSN-L)
1930-7810
DOI: 10.1037/a0032853
OpenAlex: W1987684330
Cited by: 562
References: 48
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 98 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 23
FWCI: 48.88
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
doi.org
Locations: Health Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
Funders: Medical Research Council
Fuse, the Centre for Translational Research in Public Health
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
Social Sciences › Communication › Media Influence and Health
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
Keywords: health behavior interventions, theory application, intervention effectiveness, behaviour change techniques, social cognitive theory, transtheoretical model, physical activity interventions, dietary intervention, healthy eating interventions, theory-based intervention development
MeSH terms: Diet, Health Promotion, Humans, Motor Activity, Psychological Theory, Program Evaluation, Health Behavior

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Does theory influence the effectiveness of health behavior interventions? Meta-analysis

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