Anonymously hurting others online: The effect of anonymity on cyberbullying frequency.
Abstract
Cyberbullying (CB) has recently become a significant issue in today’s society. Given the myriad negative consequences to the cyber-victim, it is important to determine what variables predict CB frequency. Based on broader psychological and communication theory, I predict that anonymity will (a) directly predict CB frequency, (b) moderate the relation between positive attitudes toward CB and CB frequency, and (c) mediate the relation between instant messaging frequency and CB behavior. Participants (N 181) completed measures designed to assess these aforementioned variables. Results showed that positive attitudes toward CB, CB reinforcement, and anonymity strongly predicted CB frequency. Furthermore, moderation tests confirmed that CB was highest when positive attitudes and anonymity were both high. Finally, mediation tests revealed anonymity mediated the relation between instant messaging frequency and CB behavior. These results are important at elucidating what variables predict CB to hopefully inform intervention efforts aimed at reducing CB.
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Online anonymity allows victims to adopt the role of bullies as a form of retaliation.
“Online anonymity complicates identifying bullies and victims, allowing victims to adopt the role of bullies as a form of retaliation51,144.”
From Umbrella review of meta-analyses on the risk factors, protective factors, consequences and interventions of cyberbullying victimization (2024) · cites this paper as [51]
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Cyberbullying and Traditional Bullying in Greece: An Empirical Study
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Vasiou, A., & Veloni, M. (2025) · Advances in social networking and online communities book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-4191-9.ch013 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Barlett, C. P.
- Affiliations
- Gettysburg College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Barlett, Christopher P.
- Venue
- Psychology of Popular Media Culture
- Published
- 2015-04
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 70-79
- ISSN
- 2160-4134 (ISSN-L)
- 2160-4142
- OpenAlex
- W2152776330
- Cited by
- 153
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 8.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychology of Popular Media Culture (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Keywords
- cyberbullying, anonymity, online harassment, cyberbullying intervention
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