The case against specialized visual-spatial short-term memory

Morey, Candice C.

doi:10.1037/bul0000155

Cited by 103Cognitive Abilities and TestingCognitive Functions and MemoryNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

The case against specialized visual-spatial short-term memory

Morey, Candice C.·2018·Psychological Bulletin

DOI 10.1037/bul0000155

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Abstract

The dominant paradigm for understanding working memory, or the combination of the perceptual, attentional, and mnemonic processes needed for thinking, subdivides short-term memory (STM) according to whether memoranda are encoded in aural-verbal or visual formats. This traditional dissociation has been supported by examples of neuropsychological patients who seem to selectively lack STM for either aural-verbal, visual, or spatial memoranda, and by experimental research using dual-task methods. Though this evidence is the foundation of assumptions of modular STM systems, the case it makes for a specialized visual STM system is surprisingly weak. I identify the key evidence supporting a distinct verbal STM system-patients with apparent selective damage to verbal STM and the resilience of verbal short-term memories to general dual-task interference-and apply these benchmarks to neuropsychological and experimental investigations of visual-spatial STM. Contrary to the evidence on verbal STM, patients with apparent visual or spatial STM deficits tend to experience a wide range of additional deficits, making it difficult to conclude that a distinct short-term store was damaged. Consistently with this, a meta-analysis of dual-task visual-spatial STM research shows that robust dual-task costs are consistently observed regardless of the domain or sensory code of the secondary task. Together, this evidence suggests that positing a specialized visual STM system is not necessary. (PsycINFO Database Record

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Robust transfer is expected for spatial recall because an established visuo-spatial STM system is likely absent.
“For spatial recall, robust transfer is expected in light of the likely absence of an established visuo-spatial STM system (Morey, 2018; Morey & Miron, 2016).”
From Working memory training involves learning new skills (2019) · cites this paper as Morey, 2018

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The Border Between Seeing and Thinking
Block, N. (2023) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197622223.001.0001 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Working memory training involves learning new skills
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“For spatial recall, robust transfer is expected in light of the likely absence of an established visuo-spatial STM system (Morey, 2018; Morey & Miron, 2016).”
Background
The Cooperative Neuron: Cellular Foundations of Mental Life
Phillips, W. A. (2023) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198876984.001.0001 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Authors: Morey, C. C.
Affiliations: Cardiff University (GB)
Corresponding author: Morey, Candice C.
ORCID: Morey, Candice C.
Venue: Psychological Bulletin
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2018-08
Volume: 144
Issue: 8
Pages: 849-883
ISSN: 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
1939-1455
DOI: 10.1037/bul0000155
OpenAlex: W2796716686
Cited by: 103
References: 189
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 11
FWCI: 13.75
Type: journal article
Language: en
Update notices: correction (2018-11-26)
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (acceptedVersion)
ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: verbal short-term memory, working memory, dual-task interference, neuropsychological patients, secondary task interference
MeSH terms: Attention, Female, Humans, Memory Disorders, Memory, Short-Term, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Perception, Visual Perception, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Spatial Memory

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The case against specialized visual-spatial short-term memory

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