Development and validation of the forms of Self-Criticizing/Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale—Short Form.

Sommers-Spijkerman, Marion; Trompetter, Hester; ten Klooster, Peter; Schreurs, Karlein; Gilbert, Paul; Bohlmeijer, Ernst

doi:10.1037/pas0000514

Cited by 43Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychometric Methodologies and Testing

Development and validation of the forms of Self-Criticizing/Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale—Short Form.

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Sommers-Spijkerman, Marion, Trompetter, Hester, ten Klooster, Peter, Schreurs, Karlein, Gilbert, Paul, Bohlmeijer, Ernst·2018·Psychological Assessment

DOI 10.1037/pas0000514

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Abstract

Studies investigating the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy (CFT) are growing rapidly. As CFT is oriented toward helping people deal with internal processes of self-to-self-relating, having instruments to measure these processes is important. The 22-item Forms of Self-Criticizing/Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale (FSCRS) has been found a useful measure. In the present study, a 14-item short form of the FSCRS (FSCRS-SF) suited to studies requiring brief measures was developed and tested in a Dutch community sample (N = 363), and cross-validated in a sample consisting of participants in a study on the effectiveness of a guided self-help compassion training (N = 243). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated acceptable to good fit of the FSCRS-SF items to a three-factor model. Findings regarding internal consistency were inconsistent, with Study 1 showing adequate internal consistency for all subscale scores and Study 2 demonstrating satisfactory internal consistency only for the reassured self (RS) subscale score. Furthermore, the results showed that the FSCRS-SF subscale scores had adequate test-retest reliability and satisfactory convergent validity estimates with theoretically related constructs. In addition, the FSCRS-SF subscale scores were found to be sensitive to changes in self-to-self relating over time. Despite mixed findings regarding its reliability requiring further investigation, the FSCRS-SF offers a valid and sensitive measure which shows promise as a complimentary shorter version to the original FSCRS suited to nonclinical populations. Given that the FSCRS is increasingly used as a process and outcome measure, further research on this short form in nonclinical and clinical populations is warranted. (PsycINFO Database Record

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“22; 5-point Likert scale Original [75] and Dutch translation [76] Forms of Self-Criticizing or Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale Trait self-criticism and self-reassurance”
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“The psychometric properties of the Dutch version were found to be good (Sommers-Spijkerman et al., 2018 ).”
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“In the current sample, the subscales inadequate self and reassured self showed good reliability (FSCSRS-SF-IS α = .73 and α = .77, FSCRS-SF-RS α = .81 and α = .68 at pre-and post-intervention, respectively), while hated-self did not (FSCRS-SF-HS α = .42 and α = .27 at pre-and post-intervention, respectively).”
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“RCT data from compassion-based intervention suggest that FSCRS-SF allows for detecting differences in self-to-self relating processes (Sommers-Spijkerman et al. 2018).”
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“Forms of Self-Criticizing/Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale - Short Form (FSCRS-SF; Sommers-Spijkerman et al., 2018) The FSCRS-SF is the 14-item form of the FSCRS (Gilbert et al., 2004 ), which assesses people’s reactions to situations of stress or failure.”
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“Psychometric properties were evaluated and found to be good [19, 55, 65].”
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“In addition, self-criticism was considered as a way of establishing a disharmonious relationship with oneself (Sommers-Spijkerman et al. 2018), a type of response to failures (Ehret et al. 2015), a safety strategy developed to cover up flaws and prevent shame (Shahar et al. 2015a), a reflexive…”
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Investigating the Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance of the Forms of Self-Criticizing/Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale in Veteran Men and Women
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“The original investigation of the FSCRS-SF reported lower internal consistency of the shortened form relative to the full FSCRS; however, we did not observe lower internal consistency of the FSCRS-SF despite a smaller number of items in each subscale (Sommers-Spijkerman et al., 2018).”
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Additional file 1 of Effectiveness of a positive psychology and mindfulness-based app on mental health for parents of children with a neurodevelopmental disorder: study protocol of a pragmatic international randomized controlled trial
Tönis, K. J. M., Drossaert, C. H. C., ten Klooster, P. M., Schaer, M., Bourgeron, T., Buitelaar, J. K., Sadaka, Y., Freitag, C. M., Lapidus, K. M., Chiocchetti, A. G., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26739486
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The Relationship Between Self-Compassion and Suicidal Ideation Among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Rumination and Self-Criticism
Chehreh, A. (2026) · Психолог · doi:10.25136/2409-8701.2026.4.76748

Validation of the French version of the Forms of Self‐Criticizing/Attacking and Self‐Reassuring Scale
Leboeuf, I., Mahanga, J., Rusinek, S., Delamillieure, P., Gheysen, F., Andreotti, E., & Antoine, P. (2019) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.2909 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Assessing self-criticism and self-reassurance: Examining psychometric properties and clinical usefulness of the Short-Form of the Forms of Self-Criticizing/Attacking & Self-Reassuring Scale (FSCRS-SF) in Spanish sample
Navarrete, J., Herrero, R., Soler, J., Domínguez-Clavé, E., Baños, R., & Cebolla, A. (2021) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0252089 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of forms of self-criticizing/attacking and self-reassuring scale (FSCRS) in clinical and non-clinical samples
Bellur, Z., Alpay, E., & Aydın, A. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01408-0 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Psychometric properties of the German version of the Forms of Self-Criticizing/Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale (FSCRS).
Biermann, M., Bohus, M., Gilbert, P., Vonderlin, R., Cornelisse, S., Osen, B., Graser, J., Brüne, M., Ebert, A., Kleindienst, N., et al. (2020) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000956 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
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Forms of Self‐Criticising/Attacking & Self‐Reassuring Scale: Psychometric properties and normative study
Baião, R., Gilbert, P., McEwan, K., & Carvalho, S. A. (2014) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12049 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Self-citation

Authors: Sommers-Spijkerman, M., Trompetter, H., ten Klooster, P., Schreurs, K., Gilbert, P., & Bohlmeijer, E.
Affiliations: Tilburg University (NL)
ORCID: Trompetter, Hester
ten Klooster, Peter
Schreurs, Karlein
Gilbert, Paul
Bohlmeijer, Ernst
Venue: Psychological Assessment
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2018-06
Volume: 30
Issue: 6
Pages: 729-743
ISSN: 1040-3590 (ISSN-L)
1939-134X
DOI: 10.1037/pas0000514
OpenAlex: W2743282599
Cited by: 43
References: 63
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2
FWCI: 3.05
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
research.utwente.nl
Licence: other-oa
Locations: Psychological Assessment (publishedVersion)
Research portal (Tilburg University) (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
University of Twente Research Information (publishedVersion, other-oa)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
University of Derby Online Research Archive. (University of Derby) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
University of Twente Research Information (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: short-form scale development, self-criticism, self-reassurance, compassion-focused therapy, compassion training, guided self-help, scale validation, psychometric properties, non-clinical population
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Empathy, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self-Assessment, Reproducibility of Results, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Young Adult

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Development and validation of the forms of Self-Criticizing/Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale—Short Form.

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